A Case of Simultaneous, Biopsy-Proven, Classic, ANCA-Positive Wegener's Granulomatosis and Anti-GBM Disease, but without Detectible Circulating Anti-GBM Antibodies by Aleksandra Gmurczyk, Shubhada N. Ahya, Robert Goldschmidt, George Kim, L. Tammy Ho, Kevin Nash

“…Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a systemic, necrotizing, granulomatous vasculitis of unknown etiology. Approximately 75% of cases present as classic WG with both pulmonary and renal involvement, while the remaining 25% of patients present with a limited form with either predominantly upper or lower respiratory tract symptoms. …”
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Metformin-induced mitophagy suppresses auditory hair cell apoptosis via AMPK pathway by Yifan Lai, Jiawei Qiu, Kuang Zheng, Xiang Li, Yinuo Lin, Zhengzheng Li, Haiqiu Sun

“…Hearing loss is a pervasive issue affecting numerous individuals, and its etiology and categorization are multifaceted. Among these, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) emerges as the most prevalent variant among these. …”
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Androgen Metabolism Gene Polymorphisms, Associations with Prostate Cancer Risk and Pathological Characteristics: A Comparative Analysis between South African and Senegalese Men by Pedro Fernandez, Charnita M. Zeigler-Johnson, Elaine Spangler, André van der Merwe, Mohamed Jalloh, Serigne M. Gueye, Timothy R. Rebbeck

“…Pathways involved in androgen metabolism have been implicated in the etiology of the disease. Analyses of clinical data and CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and SRD5A2 genotypes were performed in South African White (120 cases; 134 controls), Mixed Ancestry (207 cases; 167 controls), and Black (25 cases; 20 controls) men, as well as in Senegalese men (86 cases; 300 controls). …”
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Comparing circular and flexibly-shaped scan statistics for disease clustering detection by Lina Wang, Xiang Li, Zhengbin Zhang, Haoxun Yuan, Pengfei Lu, Yaru Li

“…The accuracy of spatial clustering detection is crucial for public health policy development and identifying etiological clues. Circular and flexibly-shaped scan statistics are widely used for disease cluster detection, but differences in results arise mainly due to parameter sensitivity and variations in the scanning window shapes. …”
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Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals a serotype-specific immune response in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected with Streptococcus agalactiae by Renan José Casarotto Appel, Renan José Casarotto Appel, Karine Nicole Siqueira, Ioannis Konstantinidis, Maria Isabel Mello Martins, Rajesh Joshi, Lucienne Garcia Pretto-Giordano, Laurival Antônio Vilas-Boas, Jorge Manuel de Oliveira Fernandes, Jorge Manuel de Oliveira Fernandes

“…Streptococcus agalactiae is a major causative agent of streptococcosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and understanding its etiology is important to ensure the sustainable development of global tilapia farming. …”
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Drug response is related to NR3C1 and FAAH polymorphism in Chinese pediatric epilepsy patients by Hongli Wang, Chu Li, Qian Li, Ning Li, Huiling Qin

“…Abstract Background Childhood epilepsy is a common neurological syndrome with complex etiology and recurrent seizures. It seriously affects the growth and development of child patients. …”
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Urological, vascular, and infectious implications of kidney transplant: a single-center experience by Juan G. Prada, Sofía Manjarrés-Sierra, Isabella Lince-Rivera, Carolina Martínez-Pinedo, Carolina Martínez-Pinedo, Germán Patiño, Hugo E. López

“…The most common chronic kidney disease etiologies were: idiopathic (25.5%), glomerulopathies (24.7%), and hypertension (23.5%). …”
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Role of autophagy defects and significance of adherent-invasive <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Crohn's disease development by I. V. Mayev, D. N. Andreev, D. V. Rakitina, Yu. P. Baykova

“…According to modern concept, etiology of CD has complex nature and is determined by genetic predisposition, infectious agents and environmental factors. …”
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A Case of Unilateral Coccidioidal Chorioretinitis in a Patient with HIV-Associated Meningoencephalitis by Christopher Toomey, Andrew Gross, Jeffrey Lee, Doran B. Spencer

“…In conclusion, in spite of the rarity of intraocular coccidioidomycosis, one must carry a degree of suspicion for this vision- and life-threatening condition as a potential etiology of chorioretinitis in individuals with pertinent risk factors.…”
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The Relationship between Inflammatory Marker Levels and Hepatitis C Virus Severity by Qitian He, Quan He, Xue Qin, Shan Li, Taijie Li, Li Xie, Yan Deng, Yu He, Yongbin Chen, Zhifu Wei

“…Red cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been studied in a variety of etiological diseases. We aim to investigate the relationship between RDW and PLR and the severity of hepatitis C virus- (HCV-) related liver disease. …”
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Immunological Aspects of Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes in Chinese by Zhen Wang, Ying Zheng, Yiting Tu, Zhijie Dai, Jian Lin, Zhiguang Zhou

“…However, the precise mechanisms underlying the etiology of this disease remain unclear. Methods. A total of 22 patients with FT1D and 10 healthy subjects were recruited. …”
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Association of TNF-857C>T, TNFRSF1A36A>G, and TNFRSF1B676T>G Polymorphisms with Ischemic Stroke in a Greek Population by Sofia Markoula, Anthoula Chatzikyriakidou, Sotirios Giannopoulos, Kargiotis Odysseas, Sofia Markou, Konstantinos Vemmos, Ioannis Georgiou, Athanassios P. Kyritsis

“…One hundred seventy-three patients with first ever ischemic stroke of solely atherosclerotic etiology in Northwest Greece and a control group of 179 healthy unrelated subjects were evaluated. …”
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Rare Manifestation of a Rare Disease, Acute Liver Failure in Adult Onset Still’s Disease: Dramatic Response to Methylprednisolone Pulse Therapy—A Case Report and Review by Nalini Valluru, Venkata S. Tammana, Michael Windham, Eyasu Mekonen, Rehana Begum, Andrew Sanderson

“…Adult onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. It is characterized by daily fevers, arthralgias or arthritis, typical skin rash, and leukocytosis. …”
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Abnormal cytoskeletal remodeling but normal neuronal excitability in a mouse model of the recurrent developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-susceptibility KCNB1-p.R312H variant by Alessandro Bortolami, Elena Forzisi Kathera-Ibarra, Anastasia Balatsky, Mansi Dubey, Rusheel Amin, Srinidi Venkateswaran, Stefania Dutto, Ishan Seth, Adam Ashor, Angel Nwandiko, Ping-Yue Pan, David P. Crockett, Federico Sesti

“…Together these results demonstrate that Kv channels can cause multiple conditions, including epileptic seizures, through mechanisms that do not involve their conducting functions and put forward the idea that the etiology of DEE may be primarily non-ionic.…”
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Current Treatment Regimens and Promising Molecular Therapies for Chronic Hepatobiliary Diseases by Marilena Durazzo, Arianna Ferro, Victor Manuel Navarro-Tableros, Andrea Gaido, Paolo Fornengo, Fiorella Altruda, Renato Romagnoli, Søren K. Moestrup, Pier Luigi Calvo, Sharmila Fagoonee

“…Drugs targeting molecular pathways involved in chronic hepatobiliary diseases, such as inflammation, hepatic stellate cell activation and proliferation, and extracellular matrix production, are being developed. Etiology-specific treatments, such as those for hepatitis B and C viruses, are already in clinical use, and efforts to develop new, targeted therapies for other chronic hepatobiliary diseases are ongoing. …”
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Mental health literacy among undergraduate students of a Saudi tertiary institution: a cross-sectional study by Mohamed S. Mahfouz, Abdulwahab Aqeeli, Anwar M. Makeen, Ramzi M. Hakami, Hatim H. Najmi, Abdullkarim T. Mobarki, Mohammad H. Haroobi, Saeed M. Almalki, Mohammad A. Mahnashi, Osayd A. Ageel

“…The majority of students (90.3%) have intermediate mental health literacy. Regarding the etiology of mental illness, students agreed that genetic inheritance (45.8%), poor quality of life (65%) and social relationship weakness (73.1%) are the main causes of mental illness. …”
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Sacral Stress Fracture following the Bone Union of Lumbar Spondylolysis by Tatsuro Sasaji, Hideki Imaizumi, Hiroyuki Takano, Hideo Saitoh, Taishi Murakami, Ryuichi Kanabuchi, Motohiko Sekiya

“…While 22 articles have reported on sacral stress fractures, it is a rare injury and its etiology is not well known. We present the case of a 16-year-old male who presented with low back pain in 2015. …”
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A computational approach to drug design for multiple sclerosis via QSPR modeling, chemical graph theory, and multi-criteria decision analysis by Fozia Bashir Farooq, Nazeran Idrees, Esha Noor, Nouf Abdulrahman Alqahtani, Muhammad Imran

“…Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with an unknown etiology. While disease-modifying therapies can slow progression, there is a need for more effective treatments. …”
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Prevalence and Associated Symptoms of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Schoolchildren in Kassala State, East of Sudan by Mohammed Abbas, Faiza A. Sharif, Shamselfalah M. Osman, Abdallah M. Osman, Sulieman M. El Sanousi, Mamoun Magzoub, Mutasim E. Ibrahim

“…Although the majority of the disease was associated with several gastrointestinal symptoms, the role of infection in the etiology of abdominal symptoms needs further investigations.…”
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The gut microbiota predicts and time-restricted feeding delays experimental colitis by Hannah K. Ruple, Eva Haasis, Anna Bettenburg, Carina Maier, Carolin Fritz, Laura Schüle, Sarah Löcker, Yvonne Soltow, Lynn Schintgen, Nina S. Schmidt, Celine Schneider, Axel Lorentz, W. Florian Fricke

“…The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear, treatment options unsatisfactory and disease development difficult to predict for individual patients. …”
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