Characteristic TARC/CCL17 expression in the salivary gland of IgG4-related disease: potential diagnostic utility and insights into pathogenesis by Nanako Kikuchi, Sae Hatanaka, Terufumi Kubo, Ryuta Kamekura, Masatoshi Kanda, Takuya Kakuki, Takashi Sasaya, Kengo Mita, Hiroki Kobayashi, Hajime Ikai, Kenta Sasaki, Naoki Shijubou, Kenji Murata, Takayuki Kanaseki, Tomohide Tsukahara, Yoshihiko Hirohashi, Tadashi Hasegawa, Akihiro Miyazaki, Hiroki Takahashi, Ken-ichi Takano, Toshihiko Torigoe

“…Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of unknown etiology characterized by lymphocytic infiltration, fibrosis, and infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells. …”
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The Strong Protective Effect of Circumcision against Cancer of the Penis by Brian J. Morris, Ronald H. Gray, Xavier Castellsague, F. Xavier Bosch, Daniel T. Halperin, Jake H. Waskett, Catherine A. Hankins

“…Male circumcision protects against cancer of the penis, the invasive form of which is a devastating disease confined almost exclusively to uncircumcised men. Major etiological factors are phimosis, balanitis, and high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), which are more prevalent in the glans penis and coronal sulcus covered by the foreskin, as well as on the penile shaft, of uncircumcised men. …”
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Identifying Key Biomarkers and Immune Infiltration in Female Patients with Ischemic Stroke Based on Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis by Haipeng Xu, Kelin He, Rong Hu, YanZhi Ge, Xinyun Li, Fengjia Ni, Bei Que, Yi Chen, Ruijie Ma

“…Evidence shows that ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for nearly 80 percent of all strokes and that the etiology, risk factors, and prognosis of this disease differ by gender. …”
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Pathways to care for psychosis in rural Uganda: Mixed-methods study of individuals with psychosis, family members, and local leaders by Yang Jae Lee, Kayera Sumaya Nakaziba, Sophie Waimon, Grace Agwang, Kailash Menon, Sam Samuel, Aaron Damon Dyas, Travor Nkolo, Haba Ingabire, Jason Wykoff, Olivia Hobbs, Rauben Kazungu, Job Basiimwa, Robert Rosenheck, Scholastic Ashaba, Alexander C. Tsai

“…Results Three main themes emerged: (1) Positive attitudes towards biomedical providers, (2) Barriers to accessing biomedical care (3) Perceived etiologies of mental illness that influenced care-seeking behaviors. …”
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Outpatients’ Perspectives on Problems and Needs Related to Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting: A Qualitative Study from Somaliland by Sarah Fried, Amina Mahmoud Warsame, Vanja Berggren, Elisabeth Isman, Annika Johansson

“…All participants had been ignorant of the etiology of their FGM/C-related complications and hesitant to seek care. …”
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A Case Report of Acute Esotropia in a Young Woman following Heroin Withdrawal by Bethel Shiferaw, Ebisa Bekele, Sara Syed, Lu Fan, Nirav Patel, Samia Qazi, Nicolas Biro

“…Acute onset of esotropia is an uncommon form; in the vast majority of cases, no underlying neurological etiology is found. Case Presentation. A 22-year-old female with a long history of opiate abuse presented with acute onset of diplopia. …”
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Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Neuropathy: Futuristic Strategies Based on These Targets by Reddemma Sandireddy, Veera Ganesh Yerra, Aparna Areti, Prashanth Komirishetty, Ashutosh Kumar

“…Several theories of etiologies surfaced down the lane, amongst which the oxidative stress mediated damage in neurons and surrounding glial cell has gained attention as one of the vital mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neuropathy. …”
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Oxidative impact on lipoprotein structure: Insights from dynamic light scattering by Nickolette Kong, Natalia Penaloza, Gustavo Agreda, Angela B. Nguyen, Joseph Gutheinz, Alison Tran, Nhi Nguyen, Tuong Vi Ho, Ana Marin, Birgit Mellis, Richa Chandra

“…Clinicians often rely on indirect calculations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as a primary diagnostic indicator, which can oversimplify and overlook the complex changes in lipoprotein structure and function and therefore the complex etiology of CVD. Here it is demonstrated that dynamic light scattering (DLS) is sensitive and effective at measuring variation in lipoprotein size distributions following oxidative damage caused by peroxidation and nitration—two common physiological processes that play dual roles in both normal and pathogenic states. …”
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Livogrit mitigates ANIT-induced cholestasis-like symptoms in an in vivo model by curbing hepatic inflammation and regulating BAX, TGF-β, MMP-9 and α-SMA gene expression by Acharya Balkrishna, Ritu Paliwal, Surjeet Singh, Rani Singh, Vivek Gohel, Rishabh Dev, Kunal Bhattacharya, Sandeep Sinha, Anurag Varshney

“…Taken together, this study supported Livogrit's potential as hepatoprotective medicine against cholestasis-like-etiologies.…”
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The Role of Open Lung Biopsy in Critically Ill Patients with Hypoxic Respiratory Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study by Abdullah Almotairi, Sharmistha Biswas, Jason Shahin

“…The aim of this study was to assess the utility of open lung biopsy in patients with hypoxic respiratory failure of unknown etiology admitted to an ICU and to examine the use of steroid therapy in this patient population. …”
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Dissociação clinicorradiológica em lactente com tuberculose pulmonar: relato de caso by Débora Elisabeth Sales Vieira, Rafael José Souza Filho, Rebecca da Silva Sales Vieira, Ana Carolina Gonçalves Galeano Arco, Juliènne Martins Araújo, Clarissa Netto dos Reys Laia Franco Prillwitz, Christiane Mello Schmidt, Claudete Araújo Cardoso

“…As in adults, TB in children has predominantly pulmonary involvement, and usually present with non specific symptoms such as fever, respiratory distress, cough, weight loss or no gain, rales and wheezing. The etiological diagnosis is difficult due to the reduced number of bacilli in the lesions. …”
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Dysfunctional Attitudes in Alcohol Dependents: A Comparative Study by Görkem Karakas Ugurlu, Mustafa Uğurlu, Levent Turhan, M. Hakan Türkçapar

“…Objective: Cognitive behavioral theory provides a theoretical framework for understanding the etiology and persistence of pathological drinking, and a conceptual basis for developing clinical techniques to treat the disorder. …”
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Interleukin-16 Polymorphism Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke by Xiao-li Liu, Jian-zong Du, Yu-miao Zhou, Qin-fen Shu, Ya-guo Li

“…These findings indicate that the IL-16 polymorphism may be related to the etiology of ischemic stroke in the Chinese population.…”
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Utilizing Colpocleisis to Repair a Vesicovaginal Fistula in a Cervical Cancer Patient with History of Pelvic Radiation: A Case Report and Literature Review by Ahmad Dahman, Daniel McClelland, Stanley Zaslau, Valerie Galvan Turner, Omar Duenas, Robert Shapiro

“…It is especially prevalent in developing countries with the predominant etiology secondary to obstructed labor. Radiation therapy in female patients with cervical cancer is a risk factor for vesicovaginal fistula formation in the United States. …”
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Slight Pro-Inflammatory Immunomodulation Properties of Dendritic Cells by Gardnerella vaginalis: The “Invisible Man” of Bacterial Vaginosis? by Thomas Bertran, Patrick Brachet, Marjolaine Vareille-Delarbre, Julie Falenta, Annie Dosgilbert, Marie-Paule Vasson, Christiane Forestier, Arlette Tridon, Bertrand Evrard

“…Bacterial vaginosis (BV), the most common genital infection in reproductive-aged women, is associated with increased risk of sexually transmitted infections. Its etiology remains unclear, especially the role of Gardnerella (G.) vaginalis, an anaerobic bacterium characteristic of the BV-alteration of the vaginal ecosystem. …”
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Adherent junctions: Physiology, role in hydrocephalus and potential therapeutic targets by Zhiye Chen, Jian He, Yating Guo, Yue Hao, Wentao Lv, Zexin Chen, Junqiang Wang, Yijian Yang, Kaiyue Wang, Zhikun Liu, Qian Ouyang, Zhangjie Su, Pingsheng Hu, Gelei Xiao

“…Obstructive hydrocephalus is often associated with excessive ependymal cells produced by differentiation of radial glial cells. The etiology of communicating hydrocephalus is mainly related to the dyskinesia of cerebrospinal fluid. …”
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Collapsing glomerulopathy associated with parvovirus B19 and systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with APOL1 high-risk variant for nephropathy by Thaíza Passaglia Bernardes, Thalita Alvarenga Ferradosa Paula, Gabriel Teixeira Montezuma Sales, Patrícia Varela Calais, Renato Demarchi Foresto, Luiz Antonio Moura, Marcelino de Souza Durão Junior, João Bosco Pesquero, Gianna Mastroianni Kirsztajn

“…Abstract Collapsing glomerulopathy (CG) has a severe course typically associated with viral infections, especially HIV and parvovirus B19, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), among other etiologies. A 35-year-old woman with recent use of a JAK inhibitor due to rheumatoid arthritis presented with a 2-week history of fever, cervical adenopathy, and facial erythema. …”
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The Central Nervous System Effects and Mimicry of Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID): A Case Report with Literature Review by Sohail Farshad, Fernando Figueroa Rodriguez, Alexandra Halalau, Joseph Skender, Cory Rasmussen, Martin Pevzner

“…Endobronchial and subsequent mediastinum biopsies were all negative for sarcoidosis and malignancy. No infectious etiology was found. She was treated with glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement therapy for CVID-associated myelitis. …”
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Lung Cancer with Skin and Breast Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review by Bikash Bhattarai, Marie Frances Schmidt, Meenakshi Ghosh, Abhisekh Sinha Ray, Saveena Manhas, Vikram Oke, Chidozie Charles Agu, Md. Rawshan Basunia, Danilo Enriquez, Joseph Quist, Catherine Bianchi, Ravi Hans, Saroj Kandel

“…Chest X-ray and chest CT reveal a right upper lobe mass and biopsies from the breast, lung, and the periumbilical mass indicate a poorly differentiated carcinoma of unclear etiology; all tumor markers are negative. The patient is male and a chronic smoker; therefore the diagnosis is made as lung carcinoma with metastases to the breast and skin. …”
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Meta-analysis and systematic review for the genetic basis of cleft lip and palate by Wafaa Yahia Alghonemy, Mohamed Gaber Ashmawy

“…Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are a usually inherited anomaly described as a gap in the oral cavity's upper lip and/or roof. The etiology of CLP involves both genetic and environmental factors. …”
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