Review of Interventional Therapies for Refractory Pediatric Migraine by Jacquelin Peck, Justin Zeien, Megha Patel, Elyse M. Cornett, Amnon A. Berger, Jamal Hasoon, Hisham Kassem, Jai Won Jung, Giovanni F. Ramírez, Paola Colon Fugueroa, Neil R. Singhal, Jaehong Song, Adam M. Kaye, Alan D. Kaye, Sarang S. Koushik, Natalie H. Strand, Latha Ganti

“…This is a review of the latest and seminal evidence in pediatric migraine. It covers the etiology and pathophysiology known today, and then will review treatment options, efficacy and safety, quality of data and indications. …”
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A cross-sectional study to evaluate ocular manifestations in end-stage renal disease patients attending tertiary care center by D. S. Kaushik, K. V. Ashwini, Srivatsa Angraje

“…Data on dialysis duration, frequency, and ESRD etiology were collected. Statistical Analysis Used: Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test assessed the relationship between dialysis duration and ocular complications, with significance set at P < 0.05. …”
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Secondary bilateral synchronization of interictal EEG discharges in focal epilepsy: prevalence and associated factors by Polina Specktor, Ronen Spierer, Mark Katson, Moshe Herskovitz, Moshe Herskovitz

“…BackgroundEpilepsy is commonly categorized based on etiology, treatment, and prognosis. Misclassification can occur due to the presence of interictal secondary bilateral synchronization (SBS) discharges seen on an electroencephalogram (EEG), misleading the classification process.ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence of interictal SBS discharges in patients with focal epilepsy and to identify predictors of these discharges.DesignRetrospective analysis of patients who underwent long-term video EEG monitoring (LTVEM) from August 2001 to May 2014.MethodsWe included patients with focal epilepsy. …”
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Pediatric Nasal Lobular Capillary Hemangioma by Jordan M. Virbalas, John P. Bent, Sanjay R. Parikh

“…We report two new cases of pediatric lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) of the nasal cavity and review current theories regarding the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of nasal LCH. Methods. …”
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A scoping review protocol on diagnostic strategies to detect occult malignancies in individuals with ischemic stroke. by Jenneke Leentjens, Nicholas L J Chornenki, Janneke Spiegelenberg, Valentina Ly, Dariush Dowlatshahi, Deborah M Siegal

“…About 6% of patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke (unknown etiology after diagnostic evaluations) are diagnosed with cancer within one year. …”
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Duodenal Obstruction during Pregnancy by Mansooreh Haghiri, Sedigheh Borna, Kamran Hessami, Ali Sharifi, Seyed Mohsen Ahmadi Tafti, Mahrooz Malek, Nasim Pourdamghan, Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh, Abolfazl Shirdel Abdolmaleki, Maasoumeh Saleh

“…Intractable vomiting and elevated liver enzymes during pregnancy seem to be associated to the obstetric etiologies; however, other causes such as acute surgical emergencies should be considered. …”
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Torsion of Hydrosalpinx with Concurrent Acute Cholecystitis: Case Report and Review of Literature by Preeti R. John, Amelia M. Pasley

“…In women with abdominal pain, both gynecologic and nongynecologic etiologies should be considered in the differential diagnoses. …”
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Translation, Validity, and Reliability of Depression Literacy Questionnaire in Iranian Young Adults by Fatteme Raiisi, Mohamad Ebrahimi, Fahimeh Ghahvehchi_Hosseini, Kosar Jafari, Fatemeh Rahmati

“…Conclusion: According to the content validity and reliability in this study, this tool can be used to identify underlying factors, etiology, and treatment of depression.…”
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Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: mechanisms and new perspectives by Yantao Duan, Yonghu Xu, Yi Dou, Dazhi Xu

“…Abstract Gastric cancer remains a significant global health challenge, with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) recognized as a major etiological agent, affecting an estimated 50% of the world’s population. …”
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Orthodontic variables influencing the mini-implant’s success rate – A narrative review by Dannis Brij, Sanjeev Kumar Verma, Vivek Kumar Sharma, Pramod Kumar Yadav

“…Conclusion: Understanding the etiological factors that influence micro implants’ success is crucial for orthodontic therapy to be successful. …”
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Epidemiologic trends of cleft lip and/or palate in Switzerland by Joël Beyeler, Anic Lauener, Christos Katsaros, Giorgio C. La Scala, Martin Degen

“…However, this knowledge is essential for better understanding the etiologies underlying the various cleft phenotypes and providing expectant parents with the best possible healthcare planning and counseling. …”
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Graft-versus-Host Disease after Living-Unrelated Kidney Transplantation by N. Zacharias, M. H. Gallichio, D. J. Conti

“…Intravenous hyperalimentation was initiated and an extensive work-up for an infectious etiology was performed and was negative. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed and revealed nodularity of the gastric mucosa, atrophy, and edema in the first and second portion of his duodenum. …”
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Gastric intestinal metaplasia in a dog by Tuğçe Baş, Gülsüm Boran Çayırlı, Mahmut Ok, Mustafa Arıcan

“…Although endoscopic examination made a significant contribution to the diagnosis of the disease, it was concluded that histopathological examination was more reliable in the type and etiology of the lesion.…”
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Issues occult hepatitis B virus infection by I. A. Morozov, L. Yu. Ilchenko, N. I. Gromova, I. G. Fyedorov, I. V. Gordeychuk, A. K. Knyazhentseva, E. V. Zverkova, M. I. Mikhaylov

“…With the help of up-to-date molecular-biological and morphological methods to determine frequency of the occult form of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) among HBsAg-negative patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) of various etiology and to present clinical and morphological characteristic.Material and methods. …”
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Study habits among Nigerian secondary school students with brain fag syndrome by Olufemi Morakinyo, Bolanle Adeyemi Ola

“…One of the consequences of this illness is early foreclosure of education in affected students. Etiological factors such as nervous predisposition, motivation for achievement, and psycho-stimulant use have been found associated with it. …”
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Fmr1 KO Mice as a Possible Model of Autistic Features by Maude Bernardet, Wim E. Crusio

“…Although this disorder was first described in 1943, little is still known about its etiology and that of related developmental disorders. …”
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Internet Gaming Disorder and Unmet Psychological Needs: Mediating Roles of Self-Esteem, Depression, and Escapism by Z. Gedik, M. Gulec

“… <p>Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a widespread mental health issue especially among youth but its etiology remains unclear. The aim of this study was to test an integrative path model in which basic universal psychological needs of competence, autonomy, and relatedness predict IGD through the serial mediation of self-esteem, depression, and escape motivation. …”
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A Pathological Analysis of Canaliculitis Concretions: More Than Just Actinomyces by Balaji Perumal, John Andrew Carlson, Dale Robert Meyer

“…In addition, the success of bacterial culture can be variable; therefore, pathological analysis can assist in determining the etiology.…”
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Long-Lasting Follow-Up with Low-Dose Steroid in an 18-Year-Old Male with Rosai–Dorfman Disease by Volkan Karakuş, Yelda Morgül Dere, Dilek Ersil Soysal

“…Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare and benign pathology of sinus histiocytosis of unknown etiology. Lymphadenopathy is the predominant clinical manifestation, but diverse organs can also be affected. …”
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Short Stature Homeobox-Containing Haploinsufficiency in Seven Siblings with Short Stature by Elizabeth S. Sandberg, Ali S. Calikoglu, Karen J. Loechner, Lydia L. Snyder

“…His laboratory workup was noncontributory for common etiologies of short stature. Due to significant familial short stature and shortened arm span, SHOX gene analysis was performed and revealed patient is heterozygous for a novel SHOX gene mutation at nucleotide position c.582. …”
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