Developmental regression of novel space preference in an autism spectrum disorder model is unlinked to GABAergic and social circuitry by Hirofumi Asano, Hirofumi Asano, Masaya Arai, Masaya Arai, Aito Narita, Takayuki Kuroiwa, Mamoru Fukuchi, Yuhei Yoshimoto, Soichi Oya, Goichi Miyoshi

“…Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social deficits and restricted behaviors, with developmental defects in GABAergic circuits proposed as a key underlying etiology. Here, we introduce the V-Y assay, a novel space preference test in which one arm of the Y-maze is initially hidden and later revealed as a novel space. …”
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Viruses and neurodegeneration: a growing concern by S. Shouman, N. Hesham, T. Z. Salem

“…Since NDDs are multifactorial, the precise etiology varies on the basis of the type of disease and patient history. …”
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Nail Biting as a Cause of Appendicitis by Michael Pagacz, Philip Bao, Juan Carlos Alvarez Moreno, Lydia Howard

“…Foreign bodies in the appendix can cause simple appendicitis, perforation, periappendiceal abscess, and peritonitis. Regardless of etiology, an appendectomy often ends up the primary treatment, but unusual and rare causes are worth noting if only for the clinician to be aware of when evaluating the next patient with abdominal pain and considering treatment options or future prevention. …”
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Hepatocyte Turnover in Chronic HCV-Induced Liver Injury and Cirrhosis by Nikolaos P. Karidis, Ioanna Delladetsima, Stamatios Theocharis

“…Despite common pathogenetic pathways present in all forms of liver cirrhosis irrespective of etiology, hepatocyte turnover and related molecular events in HCV-induced cirrhosis are increasingly being distinguished from even “similar” causes, such as hepatitis B virus- (HBV-) related cirrhosis. …”
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Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis Causing Back Pain and Leg Weakness: An Unusual Presentation of Hyperthyroidism by Henrik Elenius, Marie Cesa, Corina C. Nava Suarez, Abhishek Nimkar, Prasanta Basak, Nandita Sinha

“…Any cause of thyroid hormone excess can cause TPP, with Graves’ disease being the most common etiology. Acute treatment includes potassium repletion, while long-term management focuses on determining and treating the cause of thyrotoxicosis, since maintaining a euthyroid state will prevent further episodes of TPP.…”
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Optimized digital workflow for pathologist-grade evaluation in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model by Toshiki Goto, Akira Sano, Shinichi Onishi, Natsuko Hada, Rui Kimata, Saori Matsuo, Sohei Oyama, Atsuhiko Kato, Hideaki Mizuno, Masaki Yamazaki

“…Abstract Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and ultimately fatal disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lungs. …”
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Research progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing techniques for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (慢性阻塞性肺疾病中医护理技术研究进展) by WANG Shuohan (王烁涵), HAN Lingyu (韩凌宇), ZHANG Li (张丽), DONG Mei (东梅)

“…This paper briefly discussed the etiology and pathogenesis of COPD in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and summarized clinical application of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing techniques for patients with COPD, in order to provide reference for clinical nursing practice. …”
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Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy as a Complementary Alternative for Chronic Pelvic Pain Management in an Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome Patient by Tyler L. Overholt, Christina Ross, Robert J. Evans, Stephen J. Walker

“…Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is a chronic pelvic pain condition with no known etiology that affects millions of women and men in the United States. …”
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Surgical Management of Gestational Gigantomastia: A Case Report Highlighting Therapeutic Intervention by Misha A. Lemma, MD, Yisihak S. Debodina, MD, Martha F. Gebremedhin, MD, Meki K. Aman, MD, Don Eliseo III Lucero-Prisno, MD, MSc, PhD

“…Gigantomastia is an exceedingly rare condition characterized by extraordinary growth of breasts during pregnancy, and its underlying etiology remains elusive. Although surgical intervention is the primary treatment modality, there have been emerging prospects for utilizing adjunctive medical therapies, such as bromocriptine, to address this challenging condition. …”
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Immune Disorders in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: What Do We Know So Far? by Aleksandra Pyzik, Ewelina Grywalska, Beata Matyjaszek-Matuszek, Jacek Roliński

“…The pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is still not fully comprehended. In the etiology of Hashimoto thyroiditis excessively stimulated T CD4+ cells are known to play the most important role. …”
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Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C after Liver and Renal Transplantation by CH Dale, P Burns, M McCutcheon, R Hernandez-Alejandro, PJ Marotta

“…It has been recognized that patients receiving liver transplantation for HCV-related disease have decreased graft and patient survival compared with those transplanted for other etiologies. There is a growing trend toward treating HCV recurrence aggressively after liver transplantation. …”
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Fecaloma causing small bowel obstruction in the absence of risk factors: a case report by Youssef Ahmad, Umer Siddiqui, Ayman Ahmed, Aiswarya Sudheer, Tejaswi Chetla, Inayat Shergill, Fadi Souleiman

“…However, ileal fecalomas represent an exceptionally rare etiology, with few cases reported in literature. This case study and literature review aim to highlight an unusual cause of small bowel obstruction, emphasizing the diagnostic challenges and management strategies. …”
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Oral Health Characteristics and Dental Rehabilitation of Children with Global Developmental Delay by Saurabh Kumar, Deepika Pai, Runki Saran

“…The developmental domain can be motor, cognitive, daily activities, speech or language, and social or personal development. The etiology for GDD can be prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal. …”
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Decreased Cognitive/CNS Function in Young Adults at Risk for Hypertension: Effects of Sleep Deprivation by James A. McCubbin, Hannah Peach, DeWayne D. Moore, June J. Pilcher

“…The role of CNS changes in the etiology of essential hypertension is discussed.…”
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First detection of fungal diversity associated with Prunus salicina Lindl malformation syndrome by Dan Huang, Po Pu, Xiaosi He, Mingxian Lan, Bang Du, Lixia Zhu, Qian Li, Yongli Yang, Rui Xiang, Longzhang Wang, Guizhen Li, Rongjiao Wang

“…These findings provide valuable insights for further research on the etiology of plum bud diseases, identifying potential pathogens, and formulating control strategies.…”
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Tendon Graft and Platelet Concentrate for Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture. A Case Report by Yovanny Ferrer Lozano, Pablo Oquendo Vázquez, Yanett Morejón Trofimova, Daniel Díaz Torres

“…Ruptures can be partial or complete and their etiology is multifactorial. We present the case of a 63-year-old woman who attended the Orthopedics service because of discomfort when walking that had been present for several months and persistent pain in his right heel related to an acetonide triamcinolone injection into the back of the calcaneus. …”
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TGF-β1/Smads and miR-21 in Renal Fibrosis and Inflammation by Agnieszka Loboda, Mateusz Sobczak, Alicja Jozkowicz, Jozef Dulak

“…Renal fibrosis, irrespective of its etiology, is a final common stage of almost all chronic kidney diseases. …”
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Kawasaki disease. Atypical presentation in a pediatric patient by Annet Ramos Plasencia, Bich Ngoc Vu Thi

“…Kawasaki disease (KD) is a mucocutaneous syndrome characterized by vasculitis that affects medium vessels; its main manifestation is an acute febrile syndrome lasting at least five days and often of unknown etiology. It appears mainly in children under five years of age, it is considered to be frequent, but there are underreportings. …”
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Pelvic Desmoid Tumor: A Rare Case with Difficult Diagnosis and Treatment by Mariana Ormonde, Despoina Argyropoulou, Cândida Lourenço, João Bastos, Ana Quintas

“…Still, the majority of cases are sporadic and its etiology is still unknown. These tumors may occur in any body site, but retroperitoneal and pelvic desmoid tumors are extremely rare. …”
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Cryptococcus gattii: Emergence in Western North America: Exploitation of a Novel Ecological Niche by Kausik Datta, Karen H. Bartlett, Kieren A. Marr

“…Although genetic studies indicated its possible presence in the Pacific Northwest for more than 30 years, C. gattii as an etiological agent was largely unknown in this region prior to 1999. …”
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