Genetics of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in African Americans by Shana McCormack, Struan F. A. Grant

“…Despite these important considerations and the challenges of conducting this work, population-based approaches for investigating the etiology of obesity and T2D may yield useful information about the pathophysiology of disease, and have implications that extend to all affected individuals. …”
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Prevalence of Oral Lesions Biopsies Among Different Laboratories by Layla Muhamad

“…Conclusions: The results showed a high frequency of malignant tumors, which need more evaluation of etiological factors. …”
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Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-Induced Aseptic Meningitis: A Rare Presentation of Commonly Used Antibiotic by Salem Agabawi

“…Investigations did not reveal an infectious etiology in the two presentations. The patient improved with supportive care and withdrawal of the offending agent. …”
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Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia of Buccal Mucosa Masquerading as Mucocele - A Case Report by Deepak Pandiar, Reshma Poothakulath Krishnan, Aklesha Behera, Pratibha Ramani

“…These sites are coincidently subjected to continuous minor trauma, which led the researchers to opine that IPEH could have a traumatic etiology with a further role of fibroblast growth factors. …”
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Anesthesia Management of a Liver Transplant Recipient with Remimazolam by Takashi Kawasaki, Takafumi Oyoshi, Naoyuki Hirata

“…A 54-year-old woman who was diagnosed with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis of unknown etiology was scheduled for living donor liver transplantation. …”
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Pancreatic Stones: Treat or Ignore? by DA Howell

“…Painful, chronic pancreatitis is of complex etiology, but increasing clinical experience suggests that removal of pancreatic duct stones in many cases significantly improves patients’ symptoms. …”
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Put'-doroga ('Along the road') by V.V. Kolesov

“…A mental paradigm is built out of four constituents – the initial foundation and etiological forms having causative relations – condition, real cause, and final cause, i.e., aim. …”
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Recurrent Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with the Initial Manifestation of Retinal Involvement by Wan-Ting Yeh, Jen-Tsun Lin*

“…Then, she received a retinal biopsy to confirm the etiology, and the pathology report revealed necrosis with atypical lymphocytes with CD20 positivity. …”
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Seizure-Induced Hemoptysis in a Pediatric Patient by Ritika Nangia, Margaret Kahwaty, Ashutosh Sachdeva, Nidhi Kotwal

“…The diagnostic workup for etiology of the hemoptysis was unrevealing and he was ultimately treated for neurogenic pulmonary edema as a diagnosis of exclusion. …”
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Innovative IOP-Independent Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration Strategies in the Pipeline for Glaucoma by James C. Tsai

“…While sustained reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) has been shown to halt and/or delay the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma, there exists great interest in the development and validation of IOP-independent therapeutic strategies for neuroprotection and/or neuroregeneration. Multiple etiologies for RGC death have been implicated in glaucoma including defective axonal transport, ischemia, excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, trophic factor withdrawal, and loss of RGC electrical activity. …”
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Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis of post-stroke infections: a case series study using multiple sample types by Xiaopu Chen, Yong Liang, Wei Yang, Wenzhen He, Zhiqiang Xing, Shunxian Li, Shaoyu Cai, Jiping Fu, Xiaotang Peng, Manli Chen, Jiaming Wu

“…This suggests that mNGS can contribute to more timely and precise treatment modifications, particularly for infections with low pathogen loads, potentially enhancing clinical outcomes.ConclusionOur findings highlights the utility of mNGS in diagnosing stroke-associated infections by providing a more comprehensive etiological diagnosis compared to traditional method. …”
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Characterization and Detection Strategy Exploration in Cryptogenic Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Insights From a Super‐Aged Region in Japan by Takaaki Sugihara, Takakazu Nagahara, Takuya Kihara, Suguru Ikeda, Yoshiki Hoshino, Yukako Matsuki, Takuki Sakaguchi, Hiroki Kurumi, Takumi Onoyama, Tomoaki Takata, Tomomitsu Matono, Hajime Isomoto

“…ABSTRACT Background and Aim In recent years, there has been a rise in cryptogenic hepatocellular carcinoma (c‐HCC) cases in Japan, posing a detection challenge due to an unknown etiology. This study aims to enhance diagnostic strategies for c‐HCC by analyzing its characteristics and exploring current opportunities for detection. …”
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The role of the Hygiene Department of Stephen Bathory University in the development and promotion of Public Health in Vilnius in the years 1922–1939 by Aistis Žalnora

“…For ideological reasons the disease etiology in the Soviet bloc could not be associated with social factors. …”
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Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Capacity, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Idiopathic Complete Heart Block by Shobhit Shah, Monika Bhandari, Pravesh Vishwakarma, Wahid Ali, Mohammad Kaleem Ahmad, Abhishek Singh, Ayush Shukla, Akhil Kumar Sharma, Gaurav Chaudhary, Akshyaya Pradhan, Sharad Chandra, Rishi Sethi, S. K. Dwivedi

“…Background: The majority of cases of complete heart block (CHB) still have an idiopathic etiology, despite recent advancements in CHB management. …”
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Kyoto global consensus report on<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>gastritis: summary by A. A. Sheptulin

“…New classification of gastritis and duodenitis, based on the etiological approach has been proposed. It is recommended to qualify dyspepsia cases with sustained symptomatic improvement after successful eradication therapy as H. pylori-associated dyspepsia, and to distinguish them from functional dyspepsia. …”
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Case report: Periorbital pilomatricoma: a rare benign skin tumor misdiagnosed as cellulitis by Rahul Kumar, Jane Z. Spadaro, Jane Z. Spadaro, Alon Kahana, Alon Kahana, Alon Kahana

“…Lack of pain or tenderness are important clues against an infectious or inflammatory etiology. Complete surgical excision is therapeutic and allows for diagnostic confirmation. …”
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Gender Differences in Behçet’s Disease Associated Uveitis by Didar Ucar-Comlekoglu, Austin Fox, H. Nida Sen

“…Behçet’s disease is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology, characterized by oral and genital ulceration, skin lesions, and uveitis as well as vascular, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal system involvement. …”
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The Role of PPAR Gamma in Systemic Sclerosis by Andréa Tavares Dantas, Michelly Cristiny Pereira, Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rego, Laurindo Ferreira da Rocha, Ivan da Rocha Pitta, Cláudia Diniz Lopes Marques, Angela Luzia Branco Pinto Duarte, Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta

“…Fibrosis is recognized as an important feature of many chronic diseases, such as systemic sclerosis (SSc), an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, characterized by immune dysregulation and vascular injury, followed by progressive fibrosis affecting the skin and multiple internal organs. …”
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Primary Angiosarcoma of the Spleen: An Oncological Enigma by Myoteri Despoina, Dellaportas Dionysios, Ayiomamitis Georgios, Strigklis Konstantinos, Kouroumpas Efstratios, Zizi-Sermpetzoglou Adamantia

“…The incidence of the disease is 0.14–0.23 cases per million, with slight male predominance. Etiology is not established and clinical presentation may confuse even experienced physicians. …”
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A Unique “Composite” PTLD with Diffuse Large B-Cell and T/Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Components Occurring 17 Years after Transplant by Kristin La Fortune, Dahua Zhang, Gordana Raca, Erik A. Ranheim

“…The other component showed anaplastic morphology, expressed some but not all T-cell markers, failed to express most B-cell markers except for PAX5, and was diffusely EBV positive. Possible etiologies for this peculiar constellation of findings are discussed and the literature reviewed for “composite-like” lymphomas late in the posttransplant setting.…”
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