A Rare Case of Malignant Tumor of the Larynx with Good Prognosis: Laryngeal Chondrosarcoma by Abderrahim Elktaibi, Issam Rharrassi, Nabil Hammoune, Youssef Darouassi, Mohammed Amine Hanine, Haddou Ammar

“…Laryngeal chondrosarcomas remain a rare disease of unknown etiology, with slow and insidious symptoms. The treatment is surgical, given the importance of preserving the larynx to patients’ quality of life. …”
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Primary Pulmonary Synovial Sarcoma: A Case with Unique and Impressive Computed Tomography Findings by Jaspreet S Kambo, Bonnie Richardson, Diana N Ionescu, Tracy Tucker, Greg Kraushaar

“…Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma (PPSS) is a rare malignancy. Its etiology, imaging features and optimal treatment are not well understood. …”
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Antibiotic-associated diarrhea: state-of-the-art by D. V. Piliev, S. I. Achkasov, T. K. Korneva, O. I. Sushkov

“…Its extreme and most severe manifestation is pseudomembranous colitis, caused by toxin-producing Clostridium difficile strains. This etiological agent in modern world has got significant association with hospitals and assisted-care facilities, therefore it can spread in out-patient conditions as well at the present time. …”
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A case of possible Kounis syndrome as a complication of scombroid syndrome by Stefano Rusconi, Antonio Villa

“…Recently, a variety of unusual etiologies have been reported, including scombroid syndrome. …”
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Anticholinergic syndrome due to mydriatic drops intoxication in a child: A case report by J. Serralabós-Ferré, I. Barceló-Carceller

“…It is a clinical diagnosis and requires no etiological testing. Depending on the severity at presentation, it may be required to administer the antidote physostigmine.…”
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An Uncommon Case of Plasma Cell Mucositis of the Tongue in a Young Man by Alessandro Antonelli, Fiorella Averta, Federica Diodati, Danila Muraca, Ylenia Brancaccio, Chiara Mignogna, Amerigo Giudice

“…It is a rare disease, and its etiology is not yet known with variable clinical features. …”
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A Rare Case of Paraneoplastic Aortitis Associated with Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia by Sylwia Sasinowska, Pamela Traisak, Michael McCormack, Hala Eid

“…The most common causes of aortitis are the large-vessel vasculitides giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Other etiologies include aortitis associated with other autoimmune disorders, infectious causes, and paraneoplastic and idiopathic cases. …”
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Prevalence and Possible Role of Candida Species in Patients with Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Aldona Pietrzak, Ewelina Grywalska, Mateusz Socha, Jacek Roliński, Kinga Franciszkiewicz-Pietrzak, Lidia Rudnicka, Marcin Rudzki, Dorota Krasowska

“…We searched databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and http://clinicaltrials.gov) to identify studies involving subjects of any age with an established diagnosis of psoriasis and healthy controls, who were tested for carriage of Candida spp. on the skin or mucosal membranes (or saliva and stool), or presented with clinical candidiasis with microbiologically confirmed etiology. We identified nine cross-sectional studies including a total of 1038 subjects with psoriasis (psoriatics) and 669 controls. …”
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Patent foramen ovale in young stroke patients: diagnostic challenge and a new approach to the secondary prevention (a case report and review of literature) by I. Beržanskytė, J. Valaikienė, D. Jatužis

“…In most cases, cryptogenic stroke with PFO is just a presumed diagnosis as it is difficult to prove PFO as etiological factor. Randomized trials and meta-analysis have showed controversial results in searching for the most effective prevention of cryptogenic stroke with PFO recurrence in the last six years. …”
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Mass deaths of saiga antelopes by A. V. Mischenko, V. A. Mischenko, A. K. Karaulov, A. V. Potekhin, A. P. Mezhnev

“…It was demonstrated that the data on saiga antelope disease etiology are contradictory: pasteurellosis (bovine haemorrhagic septicemia), anaerobic enterotoxemia, ruminai tympany, tryptophan-induced bovine atypical interstitial pneumonia and unknown virus. …”
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Facial Swelling as a Primary Manifestation of Multiple Myeloma by Anju E. Thomas, Seema Kurup, Renju Jose, Cristalle Soman

“…Facial swellings are commonly encountered in the dental office, the cause of which could range from a congenital etiology to an acquired one or it may even be a manifestation of an underlying systemic disease. …”
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CD154: An Immunoinflammatory Mediator in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis by Nada Alaaeddine, Ghada S. Hassan, Daniel Yacoub, Walid Mourad

“…Systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis are two major chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases with significant prevalence rates among the population. Although the etiology of these diseases remains unresolved, several evidences support the key role of CD154/CD40 interactions in initiating and/or propagating these diseases. …”
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Impact of Congenital Heart Disease on Brain Development and Neurodevelopmental Outcome by Mary T. Donofrio, An N. Massaro

“…Neurologic abnormalities detectable prior to surgery will be described. Potential etiologies of these findings will be discussed, including altered fetal intrauterine growth, cerebral blood flow and brain development, associated congenital brain abnormalities, and risk for postnatal brain injury. …”
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Aggregation and environmental transmission in chronic wasting disease by Olga Vasilyeva, Tamer Oraby, Frithjof Lutscher

“…The socialbehavior of hosts affects both of these pathways, and a successfulintervention requires knowledge of the relative influence of thedifferent etiological and behavioral aspects of the disease. Wedevelop a strategic differential equation model for ChronicWasting Disease and include direct and indirect transmission aswell as host aggregation into our model. …”
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Maternal Bradycardia Associated with Betamethasone Administration During Pregnancy by Mojirayo A. Sarumi, James W. Hole, Robert B. Gherman

“…Consultation with the cardio-electrophysiology service revealed no other apparent etiologies for the sinus bradycardia. Due to the asymptomatic nature of the maternal bradycardia, pharmacologic interventions were not recommended. …”
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COVID-19 Pandemic and Dental Practice by Anuraj Singh Kochhar, Ritasha Bhasin, Gulsheen Kaur Kochhar, Himanshu Dadlani

“…This paper strives to provide a brief overview of the etiology, incubation, symptoms, and transmission paradigms of this novel infection and how to minimize the spread in a dental healthcare setting. …”
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Optic neuritis: relation between inflammatory genetic markers and occurrence of the disease by V. Punytė, R. Liutkevičienė

“… Optic neuritis (ON) is characterized as an inflammation of the optic nerve. Based on etiology, ON is classified to typical and atypical forms. …”
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Just a SNP away: The future of in vivo massively parallel reporter assay by Katherine N. Degner, Jessica L. Bell, Sean D. Jones, Hyejung Won

“…The human genome is largely noncoding, yet the field is still grasping to understand how noncoding variants impact transcription and contribute to disease etiology. The massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA) has been employed to characterize the function of noncoding variants at unprecedented scales, but its application has been largely limited by the in vitro context. …”
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Acute Ascending Thrombosis of Abdominal and Suprarenal Aorta by Alessandro Robaldo, Stefano Pagliari, Patrizio Colotto

“…Although the mechanism of the thrombosis has not been delineated, the proposed etiologies include propagation of thrombus from distal artery occlusion, cardiac thromboembolism, dislodgment of a mural thrombus, or coagulation disorders. …”
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De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis Virally Exacerbated by SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Infections: A Case Report by Maria Gergoudis, Logan Laubach, Glenn E. Lee, Jeffrey R. Donowitz

“…Symptoms recurred during an influenza infection and were subsequently treated with a first dorsal compartment release. The etiology of De Quervain’s tenosynovitis remains unclear. …”
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