Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus following improved medication compliance: a case report by Eugene Annor, Ishita Bhattacharya, Mary Bass, Emily M. Horvath

“…Evaluation revealed nephrogenic diabetes insipidus as the primary etiology, likely exacerbated by recent changes in medication adherence. …”
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Digging deeper into necrotizing enterocolitis: bridging clinical, microbial, and molecular perspectives by Deshuang Zhang, Dongke Xie, Yi Qu, Dezhi Mu, Shaopu Wang

“…This academic review aims to enhance the etiological comprehension of NEC, promote the development of targeted therapeutic interventions, and impart the significant impact of perinatal factors on the formulation of preventive and curative strategies for the disease.…”
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The Relationship between Frequently Used Glucose-Lowering Agents and Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by You Lv, Xue Zhao, Weiying Guo, Ying Gao, Shuo Yang, Zhuo Li, Guixia Wang

“…Metabolic diseases, especially diabetes mellitus, have become global health issues. The etiology of diabetes mellitus can be attributed to genetic and/or environmental factors. …”
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Mandibular Osteitis Leading to the Diagnosis of SAPHO Syndrome by Tomohiro Kikuchi, Hiroyuki Fujii, Akifumi Fujita, Tomoko Sugiyama, Hideharu Sugimoto

“…We should consider SAPHO syndrome when we encounter a patient with mandibular osteitis of unknown etiology.…”
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Refractory and Relapsing Laryngeal Edema Possibly Associated With Chronic Tonsillitis and Mycoplasma Infection, Requiring Reintubation and Tracheostomy by Yutaka Tsukamoto, Takashi Sugimoto, Masataka Umeda, Yuki Furuse, Haruo Yoshida, Yuka Nagae, Yasuo Ohsato, Yukitaka Ueki, Maeda Takahiro, Koya Ariyoshi

“…Relapsing epiglottitis has rarely been reported, and its etiology is not well established. A 44-year-old previously healthy Japanese man presented with a quickly progressing choking sensation. …”
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ALK-Negative Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Presenting as Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Potentially Fatal Presentation by Uroosa Ibrahim, Amina Saqib, Maryam Rehan, Jean Paul Atallah

“…Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disorder that can be familial in etiology or a result of infections, malignancy, and autoimmune or inflammatory disorders. …”
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Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in Association with Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma by Aneesh Basheer, Somanath Padhi, Ramesh Nagarajan, Vinoth Boopathy, Sudhagar Mookkappan, Nayyar Iqbal

“…We do suggest that HLH may pose diagnostic challenges in the evaluation of an underlying lymphoma and hence warrants proper evaluation for the underlying etiologies and/or triggering factors.…”
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Composite paraganglioma-ganglioneuroma with atypical catecholamine profile and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase expression: a case report and literature review by Yuriko Sasaki, Maki Kanzawa, Masaaki Yamamoto, Keitaro Kanie, Hironori Bando, Kei Yoshino, Yushi Hirota, Katsumi Shigemura, Masato Fujisawa, Wataru Ogawa, Hidenori Fukuoka

“…We also discuss various aspects of the etiology of composite paragangliomas and the mechanism by which PNMT is expressed in tumors.…”
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Rare Case of Methemoglobinemia Complicating Pregnancy by S. Verma, P. Sachdeva, G. Gandhi

“…The outcomes and the results of our efforts to find the etiology of her reduced saturation on monitors despite being clinically asymptomatic lead to the disclosure of this rare hemoglobinopathy. …”
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A Case of Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Causing Mitral Valve Papillary Muscle Rupture by Tiffany Tamse, Avind Rampersad, Alejandro Jordan-Villegas, Jill Ireland

“…Pathology of the valve showed eosinophilic infiltration as the underlying etiology. The patient was diagnosed with IHES after the exclusion of infectious, rheumatologic, and oncologic causes. …”
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Unique Cytokine Signature in the Plasma of Patients with Fibromyalgia by Jamie Sturgill, Elizabeth McGee, Victoria Menzies

“…The lack of a clear etiology of FMS has limited the effective diagnosis and treatment of this debilitating condition. …”
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Acute Abdomen in Pregnancy due to Idiopathic Chylous Ascites by Claudia Epelde, Fátima Saravia, Mónica Aguinaga, Ane Toledo, Arantza Lekuona, Mikel Gorostidi

“…Due to uncontrolled pain with an unidentified etiology and an unfavorable Bishop score, an urgent cesarean section was performed. …”
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Acute Esophageal Necrosis in a Septic Patient with a History of Cardiovascular Disease by Michael Coles, Victoria Madray, Pearl Uy

“…Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of acute esophageal necrosis as a potential etiology of gastrointestinal (GI) bleed in patients with cardiovascular disease and sepsis.…”
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Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome Associated with Pneumonia: A Case Report of a 16-Year-Old Male Patient by Süreyya Yilmaz, Fusun Topcu, Hadice Selimoglu Sen, Yasar Yildirim, Zülfükar Yilmaz, Ali Veysel Kara, Cihan Akgul Ozmen

“…The patient was evaluated as primary APS since another etiology that could explain PTE was not found. Primary APS is a rare disease in children along with adolescents, compared with APS associated with other systemic autoimmune diseases. …”
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Unusual syphilis manifestation: From breast implant rupture to systemic erythroderma by Vivien Moris, Eliott Laine, Sahal Khan, Leslie Ann See

“…This case highlights the importance of considering infectious etiologies, such as syphilis, even in patients with atypical clinical presentations, including those involving breast implants and skin conditions. …”
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A Rare Differential Diagnosis of a Nasal Tumor: Case Report and Literature Review by S. Burkart, U. Schoenenberger

“…Vascular leiomyomas or angioleiomyomas are rare tumors that can be found in the nasal cavity. The etiology of angioleiomyoma remains poorly understood and there are several hypotheses to explain the origin of sinonasal leiomyoma. …”
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Clinical variables associated with Family Adaptability and Cohesion in patients with spinal cord injury by Verónica D. Neciosup-Tomé

“…Results: There were no statistically significant differences in family cohesion and adaptability in terms of clinical variables (etiology of the lesion, level of the lesion, type of lesion and time of evolution). …”
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Therapeutic Approaches for Peripheral and Central Neuropathic Pain by Délia Szok, János Tajti, Aliz Nyári, László Vécsei

“…It is a devastating condition, which affects around 7% of the general population. Numerous etiological factors contribute to the development of chronic neuropathic pain. …”
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Heparin and Insulin for Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Pancreatitis: Case Report by Deepika Jain, John Zimmerschied

“…Hypertriglyceridemia is the etiology of acute nonbiliary pancreatitis in up to 3% of patients. …”
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A STUDY ON INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE EXTERNAL EAR by Jay Kothari, Nipa Dalal, Alpesh Patel, Kinnari Rathod, Vaishvi Hindia

“…This study aimed to explore the etiological factors, clinical features, treatment methods, outcomes, and complications associated with external ear inflammations. …”
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