Contemporary treatment of right ventricular failure by Bibhuti B. Das, MD, Shashi Raj, MD, FAAP, FACC

“…This review explores the etiology, mechanisms, and pathophysiology of RVF, drugs directly targeting the RV myocardium, the intricate biological processes between RV and pulmonary vascular remodeling, surgical and device therapies, and future perspectives on managing RVF.…”
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Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema Syndrome: A New Phenotype within the Spectrum of Smoking-Related Interstitial Lung Disease by Karina Portillo, Josep Morera

“…Tobacco smoking has been proposed as the main factor in its etiology, though the pathophysiology and its natural history remain to be determined. …”
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Management of Ocular Diseases Using Lutein and Zeaxanthin: What Have We Learned from Experimental Animal Studies? by Chunyan Xue, Richard Rosen, Adrienne Jordan, Dan-Ning Hu

“…In these animal models, lutein and zeaxanthin have been reported to have beneficial effects in protecting ocular tissues and cells (especially the retinal neurons) against damage caused by different etiological factors. The mechanisms responsible for these effects of lutein and zeaxanthin include prevention of phototoxic damage by absorption of blue light, reduction of oxidative stress through antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging, and their anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties. …”
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Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Treated with a Targeted CT-Guided Epidural Blood Patch by Inês Correia, Inês Brás Marques, Rogério Ferreira, Miguel Cordeiro, Lívia Sousa

“…It is thought to be due to spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, which probably have a multifactorial etiology. The classic manifestation of SIH is an orthostatic headache, but other neurological symptoms may be present. …”
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An Acta Orthopaedica educational article: Treatment of pediatric spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis by Ilkka Helenius, Ella Virkki, Taavi Toomela, Daniel Studer, Martin Gehrchen, Matti Ahonen

“…., forward slipping of the affected vertebra. The etiology of spondylolysis is regarded as a stress fracture due to repetitive loading associated with a genetic predisposition. …”
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Rare Case of Spinal Neurosarcoidosis with Concomitant Epidural Lipomatosis by Nesreen Jaafar, Maria Khoueiry, Samia J. Khoury, Achraf Makki

“…We describe a case of progressive myelitis in the presence of concomitant spinal neurosarcoidosis and epidural lipomatosis which was a challenging diagnosis with complete response to treatment after addressing both diseases. Both etiologies are inflammatory in nature and share similar expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-1β. …”
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A General Mathematical Method for Investigating the Thymic Microenvironment, Thymocyte Development, and Immunopathogenesis by Guanyu Wang, Gerhard R. F. Krueger

“…The process is profoundlyaffected by the thymic microenvironment, the dysregulation of whichmay be the pathogenesis or the etiology of some diseases. On thebasis of a general conceptual framework, we have designed the firstbiophysical model to describe thymocyte development. …”
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Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Review of Current Management Practices by Hannah Yu, Sophia Choi, Rodney Guiseppi, Touka Banaee

“… Retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is a well-characterized ischemic ophthalmic event that may result in sudden and devastating vision loss. The etiology of RAO may vary including both arteritic and non-arteritic causes and the location of the lesion can extend from the ophthalmic artery to the branches of the central retinal artery. …”
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Heterogeneity of Genetic Landscapes in Salivary Gland Tumors and Their Critical Roles in Current Management by Anam YOUSAF, Sarina SULONG, Baharudin ABDULLAH, Norhafiza Mat LAZIM

“…These chromosomal translocations provide fresh insights into the molecular etiology of diverse SGNs and aid in their classification and in approaching treatment. …”
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Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis with Empyema due to Salmonellosis by Georgios D. Lianos, Panagiota Drosou, Rizos Souvatzoglou, Anastasia Karampa, Georgios Vangelis, Emmanouil Angelakis, Vassilios Pappas, Epameinontas Lekkas

“…It has to be highlighted that acalculous cholecystitis is a rare entity, mostly at critically ill patients, and treatment options depend on clinical condition, risk factors, and etiology. To our knowledge, this is the first case report dealing with acalculous cholecystitis with empyema due to salmonellosis up to date. …”
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Paraurethral cysts in women. Features of diagnostics by A. A. Kostin, L. V. Shaplygin, N. G. Kulchenko, A. Mansur, I. S. Shulpina

“…This article presents a review of the literature on the etiology, clinical course and diagnosis of paraurethral cysts. …”
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Previable Preeclampsia Diagnosed by Renal Biopsy in Setting of Novel Diagnosis of C4 Glomerulopathy by Jessica Parrott, Timothy A. Fields, Marc Parrish

“…With no other definable etiologies, preeclampsia was diagnosed. She developed posterior reversible encephalopathic syndrome and pregnancy termination was recommended. …”
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Craniomandibular Disorders and Mandibular Reference Position in Orthodontic Treatment by Farid Bourzgui, Hakima Aghoutan, Samir Diouny

“…Article classification was made by two authors, using the following structure outline: prevalence of craniomandibular disorders, its etiology and pathophysiology, occlusion and craniomandibular disorders, orthodontic treatment and CMD, and the mandibular reference position in orthodontics. …”
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Mediating Roles of PPARs in the Effects of Environmental Chemicals on Sex Steroids by Qiansheng Huang, Qionghua Chen

“…Their roles in the metabolism and function of sex steroids and thus the etiology of reproductive disorders receive great concern. …”
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The Estrogen–Immune Interface in Endometriosis by Emily Greygoose, Pat Metharom, Hakan Kula, Timur K. Seckin, Tamer A. Seckin, Ayse Ayhan, Yu Yu

“…Similarly, endometriosis shares this propensity, compounded by unclear pathogenic mechanisms, presenting unique challenges in defining its etiology and pathology. Here, we provide a lens to understand the interplay between estrogen and innate and adaptive immune systems throughout the menstrual cycle in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. …”
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Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in a Patient with Prolymphocytic Transformation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia by Gwynivere A. Davies, Alejandro Lazo-Langner, Michael Shkrum, Leonard Minuk

“…We discuss the potential etiologies and relationships between these critical diagnoses.…”
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Cardiac Failure after Liver Transplantation Requiring a Biventricular Assist Device by Rita Jermyn, Eiei Soe, David D’Alessandro, Julia Shin, William Jakobleff, Daniel Schwartz, Milan Kinkhabwala, Paul J. Gaglio

“…This case highlights the importance of preoperatively recognizing extrahepatic iron deposition in patients referred for liver transplantation irrespective of etiology of liver disease as this may prevent postoperative complications.…”
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Case Reports of a New Method for Differential Diagnosis of Calcified Carotid Artery Atheroma by Guilherme Augusto Alves de Oliveira, Cleiterson Rezende de Sá, Omar Ribeiro Santos Junior, Rafael Pereira da Mata Santos, Flávio Ricardo Manzi

“…Early diagnosis of calcified atheromas may decrease morbidity and mortality caused by brain and cardiovascular diseases, in which atherosclerosis is the main etiological factor of these pathologies. Dental examinations with the aim of detecting this pathology have been in progress since 1981, such as panoramic radiography, considered the most widely studied method for this diagnosis. …”
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Revisiting the role of IL-27 in obesity-related metabolic diseases: safeguard or perturbation? by Jinyang An, Donghua Fu, Ximei Chen, Conghui Guan, Conghui Guan, Lingling Li, Jia Bai, Haihong Lv, Haihong Lv

“…With the deepening understanding of the etiology of metabolic diseases, novel therapeutic targets are emerging for the treatment of obesity, lipid metabolism disorders, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, glucose metabolism disorders, and other related metabolic conditions. …”
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The Association Between Platelet Indices and Clinical Parameters in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss by Sümeyra Nergiz Avcıoğlu, Sündüz Özlem Altınkaya, Mert Küçük, Selda Demircan Sezer, Hasan Yüksel

“… OBJECTIVE: Etiology of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is variable. …”
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