Characteristics of Gastric Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma in Korea by Tae-Woo Kim, Joon Sung Kim

“…This manuscript summarizes the etiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of gastric MALT lymphoma in Korea.…”
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Atypical Cogan's Syndrome by João Queirós, Sofia Maia, Mariana Seca, António Friande, Maria Araújo, Angelina Meireles

“…The diagnostic exams are mostly important to exclude other etiologies. The atypical ocular and audiovestibular manifestations make the diagnosis difficult, delaying the institution of appropriate therapy which may result in profound bilateral deafness.…”
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Facial Baroparesis Caused by Scuba Diving by Daisuke Kamide, Takeshi Matsunobu, Akihiro Shiotani

“…We considered that the etiology of this case was neuropraxia of facial nerve in middle ear caused by over pressure of middle ear.…”
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Acquired von Willebrand Disease Associated with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Unknown Significance by Sijan Basnet, Catherine Lin, Rashmi Dhital, Izza Mir, Elan Mohanty, Biswaraj Tharu, Sushil Ghimire, Dilli Ram Poudel

“…Immunofluorescence to find an underlying etiology was suggestive of MGUS. Management of AvWD depends on controlling active bleeding and treating the underlying cause. …”
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Targeting Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Acute Myocardial Infarction by Clara Di Filippo, Francesco Rossi, Michele D'Amico

“…Still open, however, is the field concerning the mediators and the pathways involved in the etiology of this cardiovascular event. The present review would support the relatively new discovered role that the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) have in the pathogenesis of the AMI, through a brief analysis of past and ongoing research. …”
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Review and Clinical Perspectives for the Use of Infliximab in Ulcerative Colitis by Remo Panaccione, Richard N Fedorak, Guy Aumais, Edmond-Jean Bernard, Charles N Bernstein, Alain Bitton, Ken Croitoru, Levinus A Dieleman, Robert Enns, Brian G Feagan, Denis Franchimont, Gordon R Greenberg, Anne-Marie Griffiths, John K Marshall, Pierre Pare, Sunil Patel, Robert Penner, Craig Render, Ernest Seidman, A Hillary Steinhart

“…It has been previously demonstrated to be an effective treatment for patients with Crohn’s disease who do not achieve the desired response with conventional treatments. Although the etiology of ulcerative colitis (UC) differs from that of Crohn’s disease, randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that infliximab is also beneficial for the treatment of moderate to severe UC in patients who are either intolerant of or refractory to immunosuppressant agents or steroids, or those who are steroid-dependent. …”
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Unleashing the potential of extracellular vesicles for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease therapy by George Chigozie Njoku, Cathal Patrick Forkan, Fumie Mitani Soltysik, Peter Lindberg Nejsum, Flemming Pociot, Reza Yarani

“…They pose significant treatment challenges due to their complex etiology. Current therapies focus on reducing inflammation but often prove inadequate, leading to a substantial need for novel approaches. …”
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Relapsing Polychondritis by Beata Sosada, Katarzyna Loza, Ewelina Bialo-Wojcicka

“…Although the cause remains unknown, the etiology is suspected to be autoimmune. We describe a case of a 31-year-old woman with a four-month history of bilateral auricular and nasal chondritis. …”
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The Use of a Novel Heart Failure Agent in the Treatment of Pregnancy-Associated Cardiomyopathy by Vamsi C. Gaddipati, Aarti A. Patel, Adam J. Cohen

“…Peripartum cardiomyopathy is an uncommon, pregnancy-related form of dilated cardiomyopathy that is associated with development of new-onset left ventricular dysfunction. Its etiology is presently unknown, but current standard of care involves the use of typical drug therapy for the treatment of heart failure. …”
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Gut microbiota and endometrial cancer: research progress on the pathogenesis and application by Weiqin Zheng, Xiaowen Lin, Huixin Chen, Ziling Yang, Han Zhao, Shibo Li, Tao Song, Yuhui Sun

“…As one of the three major malignant tumors in women, the morbidity of endometrial cancer is second only to that of cervical cancer and is increasing yearly. Its etiological mechanism is not clear, and the risk factors are numerous and common and are closely related to obesity, hypertension, diabetes, etc. …”
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Diagnostic Challenges of Pneumocystis Pneumonia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case of a Young Patient with Ground Glass Opacities and Pulmonary Embolism on Chest CT by William Lim, Maham Suhail, Keith Diaz

“…This case highlights the importance of performing a thorough clinical history and differentiating the clinical and radiological features of COVID-19 pneumonia from pneumonia of other etiologies.…”
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Chest Pain and Costochondritis Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Report of Two Cases by Robert C. Oh, Jeremy D. Johnson

“…We describe 2 patients with chest pain that were initially worked up for cardiac etiologies but were eventually diagnosed with costochondritis and vitamin D deficiency. …”
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Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint–a case report and review of the literature by Shareef Araidy, Naseem Maalouf, Eran Front, Imad Abu El-Naaj

“…Our report, along with a review of the literature, highlights the importance for early detection of TMJ septic arthritis, its clinical and radiographic characteristics, as well as the management of this rare disease and the proposed etiologies of its pathogenesis. Raising awareness among healthcare providers can promote early diagnosis, improving outcomes and preventing complications of TMJ septic arthritis.…”
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The Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Inflammation in Rheumatoid Arthritis from the Perspective of the Epigenetic Landscape by Yasuto Araki, Toshihide Mimura

“…Genetic and environmental factors have been reported to be involved in the etiology of RA but are insufficient to explain it. …”
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Umbilical Cord Hematoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Gennaro Scutiero, Bernardi Giulia, Piergiorgio Iannone, Luigi Nappi, Danila Morano, Pantaleo Greco

“…There are many risk factors such as morphologic anomalies, infections, vessel wall abnormalities, iatrogenic causes, and traction or torsion of the cord, but the exact etiology is still unknown. Conclusions. Due to the rarity of this condition, every new case of umbilical cord hematoma should be reported in order to improve the knowledge of predisposing factors, prenatal diagnosis, and clinical management.…”
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Oxytocin in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders by Salim Cagatay KAGIZMAN, Cicek HOCAOGLU

“…With the examination of the oxytocinergic system, both the elucidation of the etiology of the diseases and their evaluation as a new treatment option have come to the fore. …”
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Auditory Neural Plasticity in Tinnitus Mechanisms and Management by Kunkun Wang, Dongmei Tang, Jiaoyao Ma, Shan Sun

“…Therapeutic interventions for tinnitus should be based on a comprehensive understanding of the etiology and features of individual cases of tinnitus, and more high quality and large-scale research studies are urgently needed to develop more efficacious medications.…”
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Molecular Bases of Diabetes Mellitus and its Relationship with non-enzymatic Glycosylation and Oxidative Stress by Dayamí García Torres, María de Jesús Sánchez Bouza, Pedro Javier Sánchez Sánchez, Pedro Sánchez Frenes, Laura Naranjo Hernández

“…The term diabetes mellitus defines metabolic alterations of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disorders in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. …”
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Carbohydrate intolerance by V. O. Kaybysheva, Ye. K. Baranskaya

“…To present the modern concept on etiology and pathogenesis of food intolerance, to analyze the modern strategy of diagnosis and treatment of carbohydrate intolerance. …”
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Unilateral Gemination of the Upper First Permanent Molar: A Rare Case Report by Ameera Kamal Khaleel, Ali Sultan AlRifai, Ramizu Bin Shaari, Mohamad Arif Awang Nawi

“…It is an incomplete separation for one tooth. The etiology of gemination is multifactorial, such as environmental factors, trauma, and genetics. …”
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