Castleman Disease: An Unexpected Cause of a Solitary Pleural Mass by Fiachra Moloney, Maria Twomey, John Hinchion, Michael Maher

“…Castleman disease (CD) is a rare benign lymphoproliferative disorder, the etiology of which is unclear. Clinically it may manifest as localized disease (unicentric) or disseminated disease (multicentric). …”
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Mitochondrial Disorder Aggravated by Metoprolol by Cheryl Samuels, Mary Kay Koenig, Mariana Hernandez, Aravind Yadav, Ricardo A. Mosquera

“…As the patient improved with discontinuation of medication and no alternative etiology was found for symptoms, we surmise that administration of metoprolol aggravated his mitochondrial dysfunction, thus worsening underlying chest wall weakness.…”
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Clinical Management of Malignant Glaucoma by Julie Foreman-Larkin, Peter A. Netland, Sarwat Salim

“…Intraocular pressure is usually elevated, but it may be normal in some cases. Although the exact etiology of this condition is not fully understood, several mechanisms have been proposed and it is thought to result from posterior misdirection of aqueous humor into or behind the vitreous. …”
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A Case of Concurrent MPO-/PR3-Negative ANCA-Associated Glomerulonephritis and Membranous Glomerulopathy by Yasuyuki Nakada, Nobuo Tsuboi, Yasuto Takahashi, Hiraku Yoshida, Yoriko Hara, Hideo Okonogi, Tetsuya Kawamura, Yoshihiro Arimura, Takashi Yokoo

“…The relationship between these two etiologically distinct entities, MPO-/PR3-negative ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis and MGN, remains unclear.…”
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Exertional Dyspnea Incidentally Diagnosed as Sarcoidosis: A Teaching Hospital Experience by Melvina Nartey, Kofi Ulzen-Appiah

“…Sarcoidosis is a complex disease with nonspecific etiology and clinical presentation. Its diagnosis is often delayed due to the absence of a single specific investigation modality. …”
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Social Trauma and Suicide in Historical Perspective by Howard I. Kushner

“…Building on the often cited but rarely read work of Jack Douglas (Social Meanings of Suicide), I suggest an alternative approach to the etiology of suicide that relies on social meaning and that challenges the essentialist assumptions that human aspirations, successes, and failures have the same meaning and definition everywhere and that assumes cultural uniformity of the motives and the understanding of suicide among different genders, ethnicities, and classes.…”
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Parry–Romberg Syndrome with Uhthoff’s Phenomena: A Spectrum of Autoimmune Disease? by Samuel Asanad

“…The present case suggests that PRS may possibly have an autoimmune etiology resembling that of multiple sclerosis.…”
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Steroids and/or Cytotoxic Agents Should Be Used Early in the Management of Patients with IPF -- The Pro Argument by Sat Sharma

“…A disorder of unknown etiology, IPF is the most common and most lethal of all interstitial pneumonias.…”
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Crohn’s Disease – The Pathogenesis of a Granulomatous Vasculitis: A Hypothesis by Andrew J Wakefield

“…These data are consistent with the possibility of a persistent measles virus enteritis in the etiology and pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease and this hypothesis merits further study.…”
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A Large Brown Tumor of Mandible as First Manifestation of Hyperparathyroidism by Animesh Mondal, Pratik Sarkar, Tathagata Bhattacharjee, Sandip Ghose, Jay G Ray

“…Hyperplasia or adenoma of the parathyroid glands is the main etiology of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Due to overproduction of parathyroid hormone in hyperparathyroidism bone resorption takes place, which appear as cyst-like lesions, commonly known as osteitis fibrosa cystica or brown tumor. …”
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Diagnosis of Respiratory Tract Infection and the Use of the Laboratory by Ronald F Grossman

“…Clinical features, including underlying conditions, presenting signs and symptoms, basic laboratory investigations and chest roentgenograms, are not sufficiently precise to infer an etiological agent. These investigations do permit an assessment of severity of illness and can assist in stratification of patients into high risk groups. …”
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Treatment of a woman with emetophobia: a trauma focused approach by Ad de Jongh

“…This paper presents a case of a 46-year old woman with emetophobia in which a trauma-focused treatment approach was applied; that is, an approach particularly aimed at processing disturbing memories of a series of events which were considered to be causal in the etiology of her condition. Four therapy sessions of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) produced a lasting decrease in symptomatology. …”
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Multivessel Coronary Artery Vasospasm-Induced Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy by Vishal I. Patel, Serap Sobnosky

“…Epicardial coronary vasospasm is a rarely reported etiology for takotsubo cardiomyopathy, and its pathophysiologic mechanisms still remain incompletely understood. …”
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Hypertension Due To Renal Artery Stenosis by Devi Novriyanti, Aumas Pabuti, Fitrisia Amelin

“…Sebagian besar etiologi hipertensi pada anak adalah sekunder dengan kelainan yang mendasari, berbeda dengan dewasa yang biasanya primer. …”
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gas-forming pyomyositis in an immunocompetent patient: a case report and review by Jee Young Lee, Gyu Min Kong

“…The primary etiology of pyomyositis is predominantly Staphylococcus aureus , although Gram-negative bacteria may also be involved on rare occasions. …”
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Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in a Patient with Undiscovered Sigmoid Colon Cancer by Huang Po-Yen, Ku Po-Ming

“…We offer this case as a reminder that cancer should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with the etiology of TTC.…”
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Infectious Endocarditis from Enterococcus faecalis Associated with Tubular Adenoma of the Sigmoid Colon by Emilly Caroline de Freitas Silva, Camila Ronchini Montalvão, Simone Bonafé

“…Since this microorganism is one of the endocarditis etiological agents, there is a need for greater study in regard to the association with endocarditis and colonic lesions. …”
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The Hyperactivation of JAK-STAT Signaling Connects Inborn Errors of Immunity and Autoimmune Diseases by JIANG Yi, AN Yunfei, ZHAO Xiaodong

“…Autoimmune diseases are caused by polygenic and different factors.The etiology of the disease is complex and diverse. The over-activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. …”
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Percutaneous Endoscopic Management for Oriental Cholangiohepatitis: A Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature by Khalil Aloreidi, Prince Sethi, Terry Yeager, Muslim Atiq

“…OCH is found mostly in Southeast Asia but it is occasionally recognized in Western societies. OCH etiology is largely unknown. We report our experience with a patient who presented with acute cholecystitis. …”
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Type 2 Diabetes, PUFAs, and Vitamin D: Their Relation to Inflammation by Ana L. Guadarrama-López, Roxana Valdés-Ramos, Beatríz E. Martínez-Carrillo

“…Until now, researchers have considered that the etiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is multifactorial. …”
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