Metronidazole-Induced Pancreatitis: Is There Underrecognition? A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature by Ibrahim Youssef, Naba Saeed, Mohammad El Abdallah, Kara Huevelhorst, Kais Zakharia

“…Up to 80% of cases are caused by cholelithiasis and alcohol abuse. Less common etiologies that need to be explored include hypertriglyceridemia, trauma, ERCP, infections, and drugs. …”
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The long-term outcome of children with VP shunt and hydrocephalus: motor developmental outcome and QOL of patients with hydrocephalus is associated with the number of revisional pr... by Danielle S. Wendling-Keim, Hannah Luz, Elena Kren, Oliver Muensterer, Markus Lehner

“…Of these, 30 questionnaires were completed by the patients themselves or with the support of their families and included in the study. The etiology of the hydrocephalus as a non-controllable parameter did not affect the cognitive and motor development as well as the occurrence of epilepsy, cephalalgia and the quality of life. …”
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Genetic influences on non-syndromic cleft lip palate: The impact of BMP4, RUNX2, PAX7, and TGFB3 allelic variations by Praveen Kumar Neela, Rajeshwari B.V, Mahamad Irfanulla Khan, Shahistha Parveen Dasnadi, Gosla Srinivas Reddy, Akhter Husain, Vasavi Mohan

“…Several genes have been implicated in the etiology of cleft lip palate (CLP). Although genes such as BMP4, RUNX2, PAX7, and TGFB3 have been studied in various populations, their role in familial cases within the Indian population remains unexplored. …”
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Effect of Prehospital Epinephrine on Outcomes of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Bayesian Network Approach by Joonghee Kim, Yu Jin Kim, Sangsoo Han, Han Joo Choi, Hyungjun Moon, Giwoon Kim

“…SALS was associated with improved prehospital ROSC and neurologic recovery in noncardiac etiology.…”
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Bridging animal models and humans: neuroimaging as intermediate phenotypes linking genetic or stress factors to anhedonia by Huiling Guo, Yao Xiao, Shuai Dong, Jingyu Yang, Pengfei Zhao, Tongtong Zhao, Aoling Cai, Lili Tang, Juan Liu, Hui Wang, Ruifang Hua, Rongxun Liu, Yange Wei, Dandan Sun, Zhongchun Liu, Mingrui Xia, Yong He, Yankun Wu, Tianmei Si, Fay Y. Womer, Fuqiang Xu, Yanqing Tang, Jie Wang, Weixiong Zhang, Xizhe Zhang, Fei Wang

“…This study aimed to identify neuroimaging intermediate phenotypes associated with depression, bridging etiological factors to behavioral manifestations and connecting insights from animal models to diverse clinical populations. …”
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The illnesses of Herod the Great by Francois P. Retief, Louise Cilliers

“…We review the nature of his illnesses and suggest that he had meningoencephalitis in 59 BC, and that he died primarily of uraemia and hypertensive heart failure, but accept diabetes mellitus as a possible underlying etiological factor. The possibility that Josephus’s classical description of Herod’s disease could be biased by “topos” biography (popular at the time), is discussed. …”
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Immunomediated Encephalitis: New Diagnoses on the Neurology–Psychiatry Interface by Daniel Damiani, Aline Ribeiro de Bem

“…Initially, patients present with subacute behavioral alterations, evolving over months, being attributed to purely psychiatric mechanisms, as well as neurological symptoms that often go unnoticed by professionals who are not neurologists. The etiologies behind these diseases are represented by paraneoplastic syndromes (including occult tumors) as well as viral infections, in both cases constituting true immunological triggers with exposure of antigens that will lead to a cross-immunological response directed at healthy structures of the nervous system. …”
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Successful management of coagulation dysfunction in a patient with fulminant myocarditis: a case report by Shanshan Dong, Qi Peng, Kai Lu, Qimei Wei, Jun Yang

“…We report a case of coagulation disorder secondary to FM, in which the patient recovered successfully and was discharged following comprehensive treatment and correction of coagulation function. By analyzing the etiology of this condition and emphasizing strategies for correcting coagulation disorders, we aim to provide valuable references for clinical diagnosis and management.…”
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Case Report: severe pulmonary hypertension in a child with micronutrient deficiency by Laure Pache-Wannaz, Cristiana Voicu, Laurence Boillat, Nicole Sekarski

“…Relatively frequent in developing countries and mostly in infants, thiamine deficiency should not be forgotten as a potential etiology in the differential diagnosis when patient dietary history is particular.…”
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Bilateral Multifocal Central Serous-Like Chorioretinopathy due to MEK Inhibition for Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma by Scott D. Schoenberger, Stephen J. Kim

“…After resuming a lower dose of the MEK inhibitor, the findings recurred again but resolved after drug stoppage. Other etiologies were unlikely given the clinical course. …”
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Angioedema Secondary to IV Tissue Plasminogen Activator Administration for Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke by Benjamin Chaucer, Dustin Whelan, Christopher Veys, Manas Upadhyaya

“…We present the case of a patient treated for ischemic stroke who developed angioedema and discuss the etiology and risk factors for this rare, but dangerous side effect. …”
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Autophagy-lysosome pathway in insulin & glucagon homeostasis by Yi Wu, Yi Wu, Yi Wu, Hui Wang, Huoyan Xu

“…In this review, we will discuss recent advances in understanding lysosome-mediated autophagy and lysosomal proteins involved in maintaining insulin and glucagon homeostasis, as well as their contributions to the etiology of diabetes.…”
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Advances in the genetics of myasthenia gravis: insights from cutting-edge neuroscience research by Zheng Yixian, Wang Hai, Liu Xiuying, Yan Jichun

“…Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS), and other methods have identified multiple novel susceptibility loci and genes, providing crucial insights into the genetic etiology of MG. Moreover, the pivotal roles of epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs, in the pathogenesis of MG are gradually being unveiled. …”
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Classic and New Diagnostic Approaches to Childhood Tuberculosis by Gladys Guadalupe López Ávalos, Ernesto Prado Montes de Oca

“…Adequate and timely assessment of tuberculosis infection in childhood could diminish epidemiological burden because underdiagnosed pediatric patients can evolve to an active state and have the potential to disseminate the etiological agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis, notably increasing this worldwide public health problem.…”
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Nonsyndromic Familial Oligodontia with Multiple Dens Invaginatus: A Case Report of an Unusual Case by D. P. Vinuth, Poonam Agarwal, Gunjan Dube, S. Abhilash, Pallavi Dube

“…Many explanations—evolutionary, genetic, and environmental—have been proposed as the etiology. Simultaneous with oligodontia are often the different positional changes of the existing teeth, their morphology, size, and growth disturbances of the maxillofacial skeleton. …”
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Sarcoidosis and Its Splenic Wonder: A Rare Case of Isolated Splenic Sarcoidosis by Khushali Jhaveri, Abhay Vakil, Salim R. Surani

“…Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology characterized by presence of noncaseating granulomas in the involved organs. …”
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Engineering a halloysite nanotube-enhanced hydrogel 3D skin model for modulated inflammation and accelerated wound healing by Rui Xu, Xihong Fu, Lerong Lun, Wenjing Jiang, Xuemei Situ, Xiaobao Huang, Ying Xiong, Chun Liu, Fang Wang

“…The medicine field continues to encounter obstacles in understanding the etiology of skin inflammation and the process of skin wound repair. …”
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Parachute-Like Mitral Valve Tuberculoma: A Rare Presentation by Arslan Masood, Gul Zaman Khan, Irfan Bashir, Zubair Akram

“…Histological examination after surgical resection confirmed its tuberculous etiology.…”
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Pathogenetic aspects and modern possibilities of therapy of vulvovaginal candidiasis by Margarita R. Rakhmatulina, Elena V. Lipova, Viktoria A. Nyanenko

“…The literature review presents modern aspects of the etiology and pathogenesis of vulvovaginal candidiasis, highlights issues of immunological resistance and the significance of polymorphic and pathological gene loci, the functioning of which leads to insufficient activation of the immune system in the disease. …”
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Subacute Brucellosis-induced Guillain-Barré Syndrome: a Case Report by Mehrdad MORADI-PORDANJANI, Ameneh MEHRI-GHAHFARROKHI, Sohrab MORADI-PORDANJANI, Fereidoun RAHMANI

“…Our findings indicate that physicians should consider brucellosis as a potential etiology of GBS and closely monitor the neurological symptoms of patients with brucellosis.…”
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