Fifteen Percent Thermal Burn Injury Developing Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Rupak Chatterjee, Debanjan Mandal, Arnab Mondal, Rupnarayan Bhattacharya, Shatavisa Mukherjee

“…Although many medical and surgical illnesses are implicated for development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), few diseases contribute predominantly as etiology. Pneumonia and sepsis are the most common causes followed in incidence by aspiration of gastric contents, trauma, multiple transfusions, and drug overdose. …”
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Nosological aspects of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly at pediatric age by M. M. Kotovich, F. K. Manerov, E. V. Luchsheva

“…Frequency of hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly of unspecified etiology was analyzed with correlation to outpatient clinic admission rate and results of routine inspections. …”
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Transient Global Amnesia as the Sole Presentation of an Acute Stroke in the Left Cingulate Gyrus by Lawrence Chau, Antonio Liu

“…Symptoms quickly resolved, and she was discharged home in stable condition. While the etiology of TGA remains controversial, in discussing this case and the current literature we hope to provide further data supporting the possibility of an underlying ischemic process, as well as help better illustrate the neurologic structures involved.…”
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New Therapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis may Rise from the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway and Antinociceptive Pathway by Xiao Hua Pan, Jianxin Zhang, Xiaowei Yu, Ling Qin, Ligeng Kang, Peng Zhang

“…Due to the complex etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it is difficult to be completely cured at the current stage although many approaches have been applied in clinics, especially the wide application of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). …”
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Pathologic Femur Fracture in an Immunocompetent Healthy Young Adult due to Acute Osteomyelitis by Evan R. J. Goyette, Natalia Georgantzoglou, Darcy A. Kerr, Yvonne Cheung, Eric R. Henderson, Konstantinos Linos

“…When investigating for an infectious etiology in cases such as our own, considering immunodeficiency syndromes alongside the more typical causes of osteomyelitis is encouraged.…”
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Multicentric Reticulohistiocytosis Presenting with Papulonodular Skin Lesions and Arthritis Mutilans by Raya Saba, Shawn G. Kwatra, Bishwas Upadhyay, Aibek E. Mirrakhimov, Farah N. Khan

“…Multicentric reticulohistiocytosis is a rare multisystem disorder of unknown etiology that is characterized by erosive polyarthritis and papulonodular lesions on the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs. …”
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Autoimmune pancreatitis – the special form of chronic pancreatitis by Ya. S. Tsimmerman

“…To present features of clinical presentation, diagnostics and treatment of special form of chronic pancreatitis – autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP).Key points. The etiology of AIP is investigated insufficiently, the role of infection (in particular, viral), antigenic damage of pancreatic ducts and acinar cells is considered. …”
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Exploration of Five Flaccidities in <italic>Medical Formulae Investigations of Flaccidity</italic> by Qing LIN, Guangwen WU

“…In the part of the monograph related to flaccidity, the etiology, pathogenesis, prescription and methodology of"five flaccidities"which are closely connected with diseases of heart, lung, liver and kidney have been described in detail. …”
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CT and MRI in the diagnosis of epilepsy: methods, findings and possibilities. Literature review by L. Kučinskas, G. Jurkevičiūtė, R. Gleiznienė

“…Neuroimaging is essential in determining the etiology of seizures. The most common neuroimaging studies are CT and MRI. …”
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Rare Type Cranial Postauricular Pilonidal Sinus: A Case Report and Brief Review of Literature by Sebahattin Destek, Vahit Onur Gul, Serkan Ahioglu

“…A pilonidal sinus is a chronic inflammatory process, the etiology of which is still not fully elucidated. It frequently presents at the sacrococcygeal region (typical) and rarely at extrasacrococcygeal (atypical) locations, including the interdigital, axillary, inguinal, and umbilical regions, as well as the neck, face, and scalp. …”
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Immunopathological Roles of Cytokines, Chemokines, Signaling Molecules, and Pattern-Recognition Receptors in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Shui-Lian Yu, Woon-Pang Kuan, Chun-Kwok Wong, Edmund K. Li, Lai-Shan Tam

“…Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology affecting more than one million individuals each year. …”
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A metapopulation model for sylvatic T. cruzi transmission with vector migration by Britnee Crawford, Christopher Kribs-Zaleta

“…This study presents a metapopulation model for the sylvatic transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease, across multiple geographical regions and multiple overlapping host-vector transmission cycles.Classical qualitative analysis of the model and several submodels focuses on the parasite's basic reproductive number, illustrating how vector migration across patches and multiple transmission routes to hosts (including vertical transmission) determine the infection's persistence in each cycle.Numerical results focus on trends in endemic [equilibrium] persistence levels as functions of vector migration rates, and highlight the significance of the different epidemiological characteristics of transmission in each of the three regions.…”
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Falsely Elevated 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Hypercalcemia by Moon Kyung Choi, Prapaipan Putthapiban, Patamaporn Lekprasert

“…Though it is important to collect detailed history to find clinical clues connecting to the etiology of hypercalcemia, the diagnostic workup of hypercalcemia depends heavily on laboratory analysis. …”
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“The Clock Is Ticking”: The Timely Management of a Painful Skin Rash in a Seventy-Year-Old Woman by Susan Thomas, Folashade Omole, Vijaykumar G. Patel, Michelle L. Nichols

“…Most patients have pre-existing conditions that render them susceptible to infection, although etiology is unclear. Diagnosis is primarily clinical and is often delayed because of the unfamiliarity of the condition among clinicians. …”
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Ectopia Cordis as a Lethal Neonatal Condition: A Case Report from Bahrain and a Literature Review by Shereen M. Mohamed, Hasan M. Isa, Amarjit K. Sandhu

“…It results from failure of maturation of midline mesoderm and ventral body formation during embryogenic formation. The exact etiology remains unknown. The literature review reveals the prognosis for infants with ectopia cordis is very poor. …”
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Renal Failure in Pregnancy: Case Reports and Review of the Literature by Yetkin Karasu, Berna Dilbaz, Kahraman Ülker

“…In addition to any of the etiological factors that may result in ARF in non-pregnant women, pregnancy also increases the vulnerability of some special diseases that may result with the renal injury. …”
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Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Lyme Carditis—A Case Series and Review of Literature by Matthew Kaczynski, Suhani Desai, Brian Osorio, Edward Hulten, Saurabh Agarwal, Michael K. Atalay, Yash Patel

“…While cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the standard imaging modality for diagnosing various etiologies of cardiomyopathy, its application in Lyme carditis remains understudied. …”
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Oto-tricho-tussia: An Unexpected Cause of Cough by Rebecca A. Castro, Craig H. Zalvan, Craig Berzofsky

“…Chronic cough is a frequently encountered condition with multiple etiologies. In patients with neurogenic chronic cough, peripheral laryngopharyngeal hypersensitivity of the vagus nerve stimulates the cough reflex. …”
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Abdominopelvic Mass Revealing Tuberculosis in a Young Woman by Hicham ELmajdoubi, Mariam EL Yahiyaoui, Marouane Baiss, Mohamed Bouzroud, El Mehdi Aboulfeth, Mohammed Najih, Sidi Mohamed Bouchentouf, Hakim ELkaoui, Ahmed Bounaim

“…Radiological explorations remain sensitive in the detection of abdominal masses but they cannot prejudge their etiology. Surgical exploration is sometimes the only recourse either for diagnostic purposes or complications, and the diagnosis can only be confirmed by bacteriological and histological examinations of the surgical specimen. …”
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Stress Proteins and Pancreatic Cancer Metastasis by Carla E. Cano, Juan L. Iovanna

“…Thus, to understand how pancreatic cancer cells adapt to the different endogenous and therapy-related stresses is crucial for understanding their etiology and for the development of new efficient anticancer strategies. …”
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