Myocarditis Secondary to Mesalamine-Induced Cardiotoxicity in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis by Kelechukwu U. Okoro, Matthew D. Roby, Adegbenga A. Bankole

“…When this occurs, it can be difficult to tease out the primary etiology, as both IBD and mesalamine can cause cardiac manifestations independently of each other. …”
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A Case of Chronic Pancreatic Insufficiency Due to Valproic Acid in a Child by Mary Anne Cooper, Aubrey Groll

“…Without evidence of other etiological factors, valproic acid by itself appeared to be the cause of chronic pancreatitis with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in this patient.…”
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Vitiligo in a Patient Treated with Interferon Alpha-2a for Behçet’s Disease by Esra Guney, Gulunay Akcali, Betul Ilkay Akcay, Cihan Unlu, Gurkan Erdogan, Tahir Kansu Bozkurt, Huseyin Bayramlar

“…Behçet’s disease (BD) and vitiligo are diseases of unknown etiology. Interferon (IFN) alpha therapy is commonly used in Behçet uveitis. …”
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The Chinese Association for the Study of Pain (CASP): Expert Consensus on the Cervicogenic Headache by Hong Xiao, Baogan Peng, Ke Ma, Dong Huang, Xianguo Liu, Yan Lu, Qing Liu, Lijuan Lu, Jingfeng Liu, Yimei Li, Tao Song, Wei Tao, Wen Shen, Xiaoqiu Yang, Lin Wang, Xiaomei Zhang, Zhigang Zhuang, Hui Liu, Yanqing Liu

“…This article summarizes the conclusions of the consensus group regarding the epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of cervicogenic headache in China.…”
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Natal Teeth: A Case Report and Reappraisal by Ghadah A. Malki, Emad A. Al-Badawi, Mohammad A. Dahlan

“…Also, a review of the literature was conducted to discuss the etiology, clinical features, complications, and management of natal and neonatal teeth.…”
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A Rare Case of ARDS Caused by Bupropion Inhalation and Treated with Noninvasive Ventilation by Yousif Al-Saiegh, Jenna Spears, Pieter S. De Klerk, Joshua Hitchings, Christopher Lee, Tamara Mahr

“…Its treatment includes addressing the underlying etiology, general supportive measures, and achievement of effective oxygenation. …”
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Rare Head and Neck Benign Mesenchymoma in Close Proximity to Submandibular Gland in a Pediatric Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature by Priyanka Jain, Shraddha Mukerji

“…Pediatric head and neck masses are commonly congenital in origin or of infectious etiology. We present a rare case of benign mesenchymoma in close proximity to the submandibular gland in an otherwise asymptomatic child. …”
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A Unique Case of Complete Atrioventricular Block Rapidly Progressing to Diastolic and Systolic Dysfunction in Cardiac Sarcoidosis by Chimezie U. Mbachi, Oyintayo Ajiboye, Olisa Ezegwu, Benjamin Mba

“…This case stresses the importance of having a high index of suspicion for cardiac sarcoidosis in patients presenting with atrioventricular block of unknown etiology.…”
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The Long and Short of It: The Role of Telomeres in Fetal Origins of Adult Disease by Stephanie E. Hallows, Timothy R. H. Regnault, Dean H. Betts

“…Following IUGR, there is an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and Type 2 Diabetes. The etiology of these diseases is beginning to be elucidated, and premature aging or cellular senescence through increased oxidative stress and DNA damage to telomeric ends may be initiators of these disease processes. …”
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Malignant Range Elevation of Serum Chromogranin A due to Inadvertent Use of Proton Pump Inhibitor in a Subject with Pancreatic Incidentaloma by Usman Hammawa Malabu, Rozemary Karamatic, Gillian Mahy, Kunwarjit Singh Sangla

“…Following extensive noninvasive investigations, an ultrasound-guided pancreatic biopsy confirmed benign haemorrhagic cyst. A clue to the etiology of the hyperchromogranin A was the elevated serum gastrin level leading to suspicion of proton pump inhibitor administration confirmed by admittance to its use. …”
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Pyogenic Granuloma: An Unusual Cause of Massive Gastrointestinal Bleeding from the Small Bowel by Dana C Moffatt, Paul Warwryko, Harminder Singh

“…Small bowel hemorrhage is responsible for approximately 4% of all cases of gastrointestinal bleeding. The etiology of bleeding from the small bowel is a tumour in approximately 10% of cases. …”
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A Rare Case of Extensive Eggshell Intestinal Wall Peritoneal Calcification in a Long-Term Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis Patient by Erasmia Sampani, Chrysostomos Dimitriadis, Efstratios Kasimatis, Evangelos Memmos, Aikaterini Papagianni

“…Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but rather serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis. The etiology of EPS is multifactorial, with long-term peritoneal dialysis, multiple peritonitis episodes, and uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism considered to be major risk factors for this often life-threatening condition. …”
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Confluent and Reticulated Papillomatosis of Gougerot-Carteaud on Black Skin: Two Observations by Kouadio Celestin Ahogo, Patrice Ildevert Gbery, Vagamon Bamba, Yao Isidore Kouassi, Elidje Joseph Ecra, Kouame Alesandre Kouassi, Ange Sylvain Allou

“…It is a skin disease of unknown etiology and nosology that is always discussed. This disease preferentially involves the chest and interscapular regions. …”
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Stress-Induced Hyperprolactinemia: Pathophysiology and Clinical Approach by Samara Levine, Ozgul Muneyyirci-Delale

“…While prolactin is most well known for its role in lactation and suppression of reproduction, its physiological functions are quite diverse. There are many etiologies of hyperprolactinemia, including physiologic as well as pathologic causes. …”
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Endovascular repair and management of a ruptured inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm: A case report and literature review by Pavel Kibrik, DO, Jerry Zhu, BS, Ajit Rao, MD, Daniel Han, MD, Peter Faries, MD, James Cornwall, MD

“…Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm (IPDA) with the stenosis of the celiac axis is rare and may cause rupture. A unique etiology of IPDAs with celiac stenosis is median arcuate ligament syndrome. …”
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Dressler-de Winter sign: an independent ECG entity, or a mosaic in the palette of acute coronary syndromes by János Tomcsányi

“…This observation strongly argues for a true ischemic etiology rather than being due to anatomical variations of the Purkinje fibers or lack of activation of sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels by ischemic ATP depletion, as was originally proposed.…”
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Delayed Presentation of Tetralogy of Fallot with Isolated Cyanosis by Zachary Zemore, Avni Sharma, Kerri Carter, Aline Baghdassarian

“…While the differential can be broad, specific attention must be paid to cardiopulmonary etiologies. Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart abnormality, and routine screening surprisingly misses a significant amount of these cases. …”
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Acute Pancreatitis and Splenic Vein Thrombosis due to Hypertriglyceridemia by Ercan Gündüz, Recep Dursun, Mustafa İçer, Yılmaz Zengin, Cahfer Güloğlu

“…Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a condition characterised by the activation of the normally inactive digestive enzymes due to an etiological factor and digestion of the pancreatic tissues, resulting in extensive inflammation and leading to local, regional, and systemic complications in the organism. …”
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Idiopathic Acquired Leukonychia in a 34-Year-Old Patient by Maria Rita Bongiorno, Mario Aricò

“…Idiopathic acquired leukonychia is a rare chromatic disorder of the nail not associated with other abnormalities and discernible etiology. Our case report did not link the inheritance of leukonychia with diverse clinical syndromes. …”
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Nonspecific Symptoms in a Rare Case of Urethral Adenocarcinoma in a 58-Year-Old Female by Line Winther Gustafson, Anne Gamst Christiansen, Huda Majeed, Peter Humaidan

“…Cancer of the urethra is very rare with an age-adjusted incidence of only 0.6 per million women in Europe. The etiology is multifactorial and the incidence increases with age, with the highest rates in patients 75 years or older. …”
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