Clinical Microbiological Aspects of Epileptic Seizures in the Tropical Countries with Specific Focus on Nigeria by Ijeoma Kanu, Ebere C. Anyanwu, Nkechi C. Nwachukwu, John E. Ehiri, Joav Merrick

“…Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder; however, in Nigeria and other tropical regions, the causes of epileptic seizures differ greatly in etiology. This paper is an attempt to highlight some possible microbiological aspects of epileptic seizures. …”
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Autoinflammatory Bone Diseases by Fatih Haşlak, Nergis Akay, Ümit Gül, Aybüke Günalp, Elif Kılıç Könte, Sezgin Şahin, Özgür Kasapçopur

“…These conditions are characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response in the bones without any apparent etiology. Inflammatory bone lesions associated with AIBDs exhibit chronic inflammation, are typically culture-negative, and do not exhibit discernible microorganisms on histopathological examination. …”
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Cytokines and Chemokines as Biomarkers of Community-Acquired Bacterial Infection by Michal Holub, David A. Lawrence, Nancy Andersen, Alžběta Davidová, Ondřej Beran, Vilma Marešová, Pavel Chalupa

“…Routinely used biomarkers of bacterial etiology of infection, such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, have limited usefulness for evaluation of infections since their expression is enhanced by a number of different conditions. …”
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Baicalin: a potential therapeutic agent for acute kidney injury and renal fibrosis by Xiaoming Li, Xiaoming Li, Rui Xu, Rui Xu, Dan Zhang, Ji Cai, Ji Cai, He Zhou, He Zhou, Tao Song, Tao Song, Xianyao Wang, Xianyao Wang, Qinghong Kong, Liujin Li, Zhaohui Liu, Zhixu He, Zhengzhen Tang, Jun Tan, Jidong Zhang, Jidong Zhang, Jidong Zhang

“…Until now, while continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been utilized in the management of severe AKI, there remains a dearth of effective targeted therapies for AKI stemming from diverse etiologies. Similarly, the identification of specific biomarkers and pharmacological targets for the treatment of renal fibrosis remains a challenge. …”
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Evaluation of Associated Structural and Chromosomal Abnormalities in Patients with Fetal Cerebral Ventriculomegaly Detected in Ultrasonographic Imaging by Erkan Cagliyan, Samican Ozmen, Sureyya Saridas Demir, Ceren Aydin, Egehan Bilen, Handan Guleryuz, Elif Yasar, Derya Ercal, Elcin Bora, Tufan Cankaya

“… OBJECTIVE: Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly is defined as enlarged cerebral lateral ventricles. The etiology of fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly is multifactorial. …”
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FeLV-induced feline leukemia as a natural model for leukemia pathophysiology study (review) by T. V. Tabakaeva, A. V. Tsybulsky, K. A. Baranchugova, I. V. Galkina, M. Yu. Shchelkanov

“…Feline leukemia etiological agent is a feline leukemia virus (FeLV), having single-stranded RNA genomesurrounded with icosahedral capsidformedbyp27 capsid protein monomers. …”
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Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Properties of the Essential Oil of Myrtus communis L. against Clinical Strains of Mycobacterium spp. by Stefania Zanetti, Sara Cannas, Paola Molicotti, Alessandra Bua, Marina Cubeddu, Silvia Porcedda, Bruno Marongiu, Leonardo Antonio Sechi

“…Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiological agent of tuberculosis. The World Health Organization has estimated that 8 million of people develop active TB every year and the situation is complicated by an increase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to drugs used in antitubercular therapy: MDR and XDR-TB. …”
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A Case of Thoracic Spondylosis Deformans and Multilevel Instrumented Spinal Fusion in an 84-Year-Old Male by Amy H. Amabile, J. Raymond Shea, Vishal Desai, Lisa T. Hoglund, Jamie N. Elcock, Anthony Lombardo, Matthew C. Schiffino

“…We report here a case of thoracic spondylosis deformans and multilevel instrumented fusion found during routine dissection of a cadaver. Theories of the etiology of this condition are reviewed in general, and with respect to this specific case and the potential interaction of the presenting comorbidities. …”
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Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature by Kevin T. Kao, Jitesh K. Patel, Vijayamalini Pampati

“…The disease is characterized by diffuse gastrointestinal polyposis, dystrophic changes of the fingernails, alopecia, cutaneous hyperpigmentation, diarrhea, weight loss, and abdominal pain. (2) The etiology is currently unknown, but an autoimmune process is suspected. …”
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Virus-induced Systemic Vasculitides: New Therapeutic Approaches by Loïc Guillevin

“…The best therapeutic strategy in virus-induced vasculitides should take into account the etiology of the disease and be adapted to the pathogenesis. …”
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Diffuse Spontaneous Laryngeal Hemorrhage with Trastuzumab by Lauren Klute, Matthew Solverson, Christopher M. Bingcang, Jayme R. Dowdall

“…Drug-induced epithelial hemorrhage of the endolarynx is an unusual etiology of hemoptysis. We present a case of hemoptysis in a young female patient undergoing treatment for metastatic breast cancer with trastuzumab emtansine. …”
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Mitomycin-C-Induced TTP/HUS Treated Successfully with Rituximab: Case Report and Review of the Literature by Gunjan Shah, Hanah Yamin, Hedy Smith

“…Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), thrombocytopenia, fever, renal failure, and neurologic symptoms comprise the cardinal features of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Etiologies can include medications, infections, cancers, or transplantation. …”
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Pediatric Adrenal Insufficiency: Diagnosis, Management, and New Therapies by Sasigarn A. Bowden, Rohan Henry

“…This review summarizes the etiologies, presentation, and diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency utilizing different dynamic hormone testing and describes current treatment recommendations and new therapies.…”
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Cryptogenic Multifocal Ulcerous Stenosing Enteritis: A Review of the Literature by Darina Kohoutová, Jolana Bártová, Ilja Tachecí, Stanislav Rejchrt, Rudolf Repák, Marcela Kopáčová, Jan Bureš

“…Cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis (CMUSE) is an extremely rare illness characterised by chronic or relapsing subileus status resulting from multiple small intestinal fibrous strictures and multiple shallow ulcers of the small bowel. The etiology is unknown and pathogenesis is not fully understood. …”
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Congenital Unilateral Posteromedial Bowing of Tibia in an Adolescent: A Rare Presentation of Tibial Bowing by Nikhil Jain, Nibin Sunny, Pranjal Mishra

“…Posteromedial bowing of the tibia is a relatively uncommon congenital anomaly. Etiology is not fully understood. Usually, the deformity improves with time and most of the cases are managed conservatively with modifications in shoes. …”
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Network Analysis in Clinical Research in the COVID-19 Context by Cristian Antony Ramos Vera

“…The evaluation of the network consolidates a greater explanation of the various health conditions functioning linked to the COVID-19 impact and expresses how its etiological mechanisms interact with each other.…”
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Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis—A Challenging Demyelinating Disease: Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature by Regina Célia Ajeje Pires de Albuquerque, Raquel Siqueira Leonel de Paula, Manuelina Mariana Capellari Macruz Brito, José Roberto Lopes Ferraz Filho, Lucas Crociati Meguins

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating, neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) of unknown etiology. The peak onset is between age 20 and 40 years and usually affects more women than men. …”
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A Rare Case of Histiocytic Sarcoma Secondary to Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in the Stomach: Transdifferentiation or Synchronicity? by Jiankun Tong, Jean Luo, Pierre F. Saldinger, William H. Rodgers

“…It occurs anywhere in the body and behaves aggressively. However, its etiology is unknown. Here, we report a 68-year-old female who developed histiocytic sarcoma following chemotherapy with imatinib (Gleevec) for gastrointestinal stromal tumor. …”
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Suspected Transient Ischemic Attack Related to Dysfunctional Quadricuspid Aortic Valve by Arun Katwaroo MBBS, Jessica Kawall MBBS, Priya Ramcharan MBBS, Valmiki Seecheran MBBS, MSc, Rajeev Seecheran MBBS, MHA, Nafeesah Ali MBBS, Shari Khan MBBS, Naveen Anand Seecheran MBBS, MD, MSc

“…This case highlights the importance of considering potential atypical etiologies, such as QAV, in the evaluation and management of young patients presenting with cerebrovascular events.…”
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Fatal Idiopathic Hyperammonemia after Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Christophe Angelo, Marie-Françoise Vincent, Mina Komuta, Philippe Hantson, Nicole Straetmans, Edwige Boulet

“…The role of some specific anticancer drugs may be discussed, but the etiology of hyperammonemia is often multifactorial. …”
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