The SERPINB4 gene mutation identified in twin patients with Crohn’s disease impaires the intestinal epithelial cell functions by Xiao-Mei Ouyang, Jun-Hui Lin, Ying Lin, Xian-Ling Zhao, Ya‐Ni Huo, Lai-Ying Liang, Yong-Dong Huang, Gui-Jing Xie, Peng Mi, Zhen-Yu Ye, Bayasi Guleng

“…Abstract Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. To identify new targets related to the initiation of CD, we screened a pair of twins with CD, which is a rare phenomenon in the Chinese population, for genetic susceptibility factors. …”
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Multiple viral infections and antimicrobial use in hospitalized children with respiratory illness during pandemic and early post-pandemic era, Taiwan by Chyi-Liang Chen, Yi-Ching Chen, Hsuan-Ling Hsiao, Yi-Jung Chang, Hsin-Chieh Li, Merve Arslan Aydin, Cheng-Hsun Chiu

“…FilmArray RP was used for etiology surveys of hospitalized children with acute respiratory illness in a medical center in northern Taiwan from October 2022 to March 2023. …”
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Co-Occurrence of Rarest Type of Dysphagia Lusoria (Type N-1) and Eosinophilic Esophagitis in a Cognitively Disabled Individual by Kishore Kumar, Jasbir Makker, Hassan Tariq, Ariyo Ihimoyan, Chime Chukwunonso, Masooma Niazi, Michael Lombino, Muhammad Kamal, Harish K. Patel

“…However, food impaction right above the compression site makes dysphagia lusoria the likely etiology.…”
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Non-parathyroid hypercalcemia in a patient with new-onset hyperthyroidism and silicone-induced granulomas: case report by Laura Montefusco, Giada Rossi, Iulia Petria, Ida Pastore, Ida Pastore, Paolo Fiorina, Paolo Fiorina, Paolo Fiorina, Paolo Fiorina

“…Rarer causes of hypercalcemia, such as hyperthyroidism and granulomatous diseases, need to be addressed after excluding the more prevalent etiologies, namely primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancies. …”
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Challenges and Novelties in the Treatment of Obesity in Adults. A review by Karolina Kuczapska, Marek Kurowski, Anna Gliwa, Monika Ryglewicz, Dariusz Fabian, Elżbieta Leszczyńska-Knaga, Natalia Jakubczyk, Weronika Rutkowska-Kawalec, Paweł Moczydłowski, Karolina Michalczuk

“… Introduction Obesity is a complex, chronic disease that continues to be a significant global health challenge due to its prevalence and association with numerous comorbidities. Etiology of this disease includes different factors from genetic, environmental, and lifestyle fields, while effective management of obesity is still being studied.  …”
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Infections with Giardia duodenalis and Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar as Hidden and Prevalent Conditions in Periurban Communities in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by Deiviane A. Calegar, Kerla J. L. Monteiro, Andressa B. Gonçalves, Márcio N. Boia, Lauren H. Jaeger, Beatriz C. Nunes, Filipe A. Carvalho-Costa

“…This study aims to assess the prevalence, distribution, and etiological profile of intestinal parasitism in children living in periurban areas in Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. …”
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Correlation Between Vestibular Disorders and Superior Semicircular Dehiscence on High-resolution Computed Tomography at Tam Anh Ho Chi Minh General Hospital by Cong Trinh TRAN, Thi Lan Huong LE, Tran Thi Thuy HANG, Nghi Hai MA, Ho Hoang PHUONG, Tran Phanchung THUY

“…Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of considering SSCD as a potential etiology in patients presenting with vestibular symptoms and emphasize the diagnostic utility of HRCT.…”
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Causal associations between socioeconomic status and prostate cancer using two-sample Mendelian randomization study by Zhenxing Wang, Chunyan Wang, Xing Gou, Liang Pei, Xiaoyuan Qiao

“…The findings highlight the necessity for further exploration into the underlying etiology of PCa.…”
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Pre-IVF treatment with a GnRH antagonist in women with endometriosis (PREGNANT): study protocol for a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial by Hugh Taylor, Hao Huang, Lubna Pal, Heping Zhang, Howard J Li, Sandra Carson, Valerie Flores, Jared Robbins, Nanette F Santoro, James H Segars, David Seifer, Steven Young

“…While in vitro fertilisation-embryo transfer (IVF) successfully treats endometriosis-associated infertility, there is some evidence that pregnancy rates may be diminished in women seeing fertility treatment for endometriosis-associated infertility compared with other etiologies of infertility. The use of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist prior to IVF has been suggested to improve success, however studies have been small and rarely reported live birth rates. …”
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Gut microbiota and bacterial associations in monkeys with gastrointestinal diseases in the setting of helminth infestation by V. A. Kalashnikova, T. P. Egorova, A. V. Demerchyan, V. I. Polyakova, Y. I. Lenshina, D. A. Ilyazyants, I. M. Arshba

“…Gastrointestinal diseases of helminth-bacterial etiology in monkeys require complex therapy of the animals.…”
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Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Relation to Location: A Retrospective Analysis Study by Majed S. Al Yami PharmD, Abdulmajeed M. Alshehri PharmD, Ghadah M. Alotaibi PharmD, Mariam S. Alsulimani PharmD, Fay M. Alotaibi PharmD, Rawan A. Alotaibi PharmD, Nouf A. Alqahtani PharmD, Lama A. Alhumaidan PharmD, Lubna S. Bin Hadhir PharmD, Norah M. Alebrah PharmD, Sumaya N. Almohareb PharmD, Omar A. Alshaya PharmD, Omar S. Alkhezi PharmD, Osamah M. Alfayez PharmD, Omar A. Almohammed PhD, Amal M. Badawoud PhD

“…Of those, 273 (55.4%) had iPDVT, 25 (5.1%) had iDDVT, and 195 (39.6%) had mixed DVT. The VTE etiology was similar across the groups except for the leg injury, which was significantly higher in patients with iDDVT (24%) compared to iPDVT (6.2%) and mixed DVT (5.6%) ( P  = .002). …”
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PPAR Gamma Expression Levels during Development of Heart Failure in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease after Coronary Artery Bypass-Grafting by Izabela Wojtkowska, Andrzej Tysarowski, Katarzyna Seliga, Janusz A. Siedlecki, Zbigniew Juraszyński, Milosz Marona, Lidia Greszata, Anna Skrobisz, Karol Kaminski, Robert Sawicki, Janina Stępińska

“…Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) seem to be important in etiology of HF. The aim of study was to find the correlation between PPARγ expression during development of HF in patients and coronary artery disease (CAD) after coronary artery bypass-grafting (CABG). …”
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Early Neurological Deterioration following acute stroke: association with reperfusion therapies and National Institutes Of Health Stroke Scale score by Tony Bing Yu, Cameron Lee, Mohammed Mallah, Mohammed Mallah, Caroline Domingos Belo, Maria Lucia Uribe Mz Recaman, Yassine Noui, Yassine Noui, Samantha Bayhonan, Beatrix Sari, Yee-Haur Mah, Yee-Haur Mah

“…The electronic health record of 933 stroke patients admitted to the Hyperacute Stroke Unit at King's College Hospital in 2022 were manually reviewed for END up to 14-days post stroke to: (1) characterize etiology and risk factors associated with END following acute stroke, and (2) evaluate the association between END, reperfusion therapy and NIHSS. …”
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The pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) in Diabetic Nephropathy by Alia KH Mahmoud, Muhammed Ahmed Abd El Moety, Amal Khalifa Ahmed, Samer A. El-Sawy

“…There is now proof that inflammation and activated innate immunity play important roles in the etiology of problems with diabetes. Furthermore, a variety of inflammatory chemicals, including pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). …”
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A case of hypophysitis after COVID-19 vaccination with a detection of anti-pituitary antibody, with review of literature by Chika Kyo, Tomoko Kobayashi, Shintaro Iwama, Rieko Kosugi, Fumikazu Sawabe, Ryo Hayafusa, Yuki Sakai, Tatsuo Ogawa, Masato Kotani, Tatsuhide Inoue, Hiroshi Arima, Hiroyuki Ariyasu

“…Our case suggests a potential link between acquired immunity, APA production, and pituitary damage. To elucidate the etiology of hypophysitis associated with COVID-19 vaccination, detailed investigation of patients with nonspecific symptoms after vaccination against COVID-19 is necessary.…”
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Cardioembolic but Not Other Stroke Subtypes Predict Mortality Independent of Stroke Severity at Presentation by Latha Ganti Stead, Rachel M. Gilmore, M. Fernanda Bellolio, Anunaya Jain, Alejandro A. Rabinstein, Wyatt W. Decker, Dipti Agarwal, Robert D. Brown

“…Introduction. Etiology of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is known to significantly influence management, prognosis, and risk of recurrence. …”
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Cocaine-Induced Giant Bullous Emphysema by Steven Douedi, Vandan D. Upadhyaya, Ishan Patel, Usman Mazahir, Eric Costanzo, Mohammad A. Hossain

“…Emphysematous bullae, defined as airspaces of greater than or equal to one centimeter in diameter, have a variety of etiologies such as tobacco use and alpha-1 antitrypsin being the most common. …”
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Fluocinolone acetonide 0.2 µg/day intravitreal implant in non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment: EU expert user panel consensus-based clinical recommendations by Uwe Pleyer, Carlos Pavesio, Elisabetta Miserocchi, Carsten Heinz, Helen Devonport, Víctor Llorenç, Tomás Burke, Vanda Nogueira, Laurent Kodjikian, Bahram Bodaghi

“…The current consensus document addresses relevant issues related to the use of FAc implants on different types of patients with various etiologies of NIU-PS, and was conducted to standardize approaches to help specialists obtain better clinical outcomes.…”
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Identification of HPV16 E1 and E2-specific T cells in the oropharyngeal cancer tumor microenvironment by Christine McInnis, Lakshmi Srinivasan, Anthony J Coyle, Shilpa Bhatia, Glenn J Hanna, Ann Marie Egloff, Brinda Vijaykumar, Qiaomu Tian, Yanbo Sun, Del Leistritz-Edwards, Charles T Quinn, Ravi Uppaluri, Daniel C Pregibon

“…Background High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a primary cause of an increasing number of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs). The viral etiology of these cancers provides the opportunity for antigen-directed therapies that are restricted in scope compared with cancers without viral components. …”
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Sex Variations in the Oral Microbiomes of Youths with Severe Periodontitis by Ya-Qiong Zhao, Ying-Hui Zhou, Jie Zhao, Yao Feng, Zheng-Rong Gao, Qin Ye, Qiong Liu, Yun Chen, Shao-Hui Zhang, Li Tan, Marie Aimee Dusenge, Jing Hu, Yun-Zhi Feng, Fei Yan, Yue Guo

“…Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of microbial etiology caused primarily by dysbiosis of the oral microbiota. …”
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