Osmotic myelinolysis: literature review and case report by G. Rutkauskaitė, A. Klimašauskienė

“…The primary symptoms are encephalopathy and/or seizure attacks due to hyponatremia followed by regeneration during normonatremia and, after several days, a deterioration may manifest with focal neurological symptoms, mental and behavioral disorders. …”
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An Unusual Case of Rapidly Progressive Hyperbilirubinemia by Kimberly M. Thornton, Michael F. Nyp, Lejla Music Aplenc, Gary L. Jones, Shannon L. Carpenter, Erin M. Guest, Steven M. Shapiro, Winston M. Manimtim

“…We present an unusual case of hyperbilirubinemia with rapid early progression leading to bilirubin encephalopathy in a term neonate. Despite early recognition and intervention, the total serum bilirubin reached a maximum level of 39 mg/dL at 32 hours of life. …”
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Acute and Fatal Isoniazid-Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by Wissam K. Kabbara, Aline T. Sarkis, Paola G. Saroufim

“…After discharge, the patient was readmitted and suffered from severe coagulopathy, metabolic acidosis, acute kidney injury, hepatic encephalopathy, and cardiorespiratory arrest necessitating two rounds of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. …”
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Acute cerebral edema: a lethal neurological complication in a patient with COVID-19 infection. Case report and literature review by M. Puodžiūnaitė, R. Sadeckaitė, A. Čikotienė

“…More serious medical conditions such as cerebral edema, neuronal degeneration, encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis, Miller-Fisher syndrome, polyneuritis, toxic encephalopathy, and stroke can occur. Case report. We report a case of a 40-year-old patient with previous history of hypertension and no other chronic disease who was admitted to the hospital with respiratory distress due to SARS-CoV-2-induced bilateral pneumonia. …”
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The Relationship of Triphasic Waves with Intracranial Pressure as a Possible Prognostic Marker in Traumatic Brain Injury by Nakul Katyal, Aarti Sarwal, Pravin George, Biswajit Banik, Christopher R. Newey

“…Continuous electroencephalography (CEEG) monitoring is used for detection of convulsive and nonconvulsive seizures and assessing the degree of encephalopathy in critically ill patients. A commonly seen encephalopathic pattern on CEEG is generalized periodic discharges with triphasic wave (TW) morphology. …”
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Severe Maternal Morbidity Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Flare in the Second Trimester of Pregnancy by Matthew J. Blitz, Adiel Fleischer

“…Her course was further complicated by thrombotic microangiopathy and generalized tonic-clonic seizures attributable to posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome versus neuropsychiatric SLE. This case represents one of the most extreme manifestations of lupus disease activity associated with pregnancy that has been reported in the literature and emphasizes the importance of preconception evaluation and counseling and a multidisciplinary management approach in cases with a complex and evolving clinical course.…”
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Wilson – Konovalov Disease: Clinical Cases with Different Manifestations and Outcomes by O. V. Samodova, G. P. Smirnova, E. A. Krieger

“…In 2 weeks, the patient developed symptoms of acute liver failure, progressive hemorrhagic syndrome, acute hepatic encephalopathy. Death from fulminant hepatitis occurred in 3 weeks after the disease onset after the disease onset.Conclusion. …”
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Neonatal mortality outcome and trends: A 6-year retrospective analysis from a North Indian teaching college hospital by Ritu Rakholia, Mohd Maroof, Damini Kharkwal, Gurpreet Singh

“…The trends in etiology of death were uniform over the years with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (37.24%), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (29.5%), sepsis (16.12%), prematurity (11.45%), and congenital malformations (2.47%) being the chief contributors to death among newborns admitted in SNCU. …”
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Computer-Aid System for Automated Jaundice Detection by Ahmad Yaseen Abdulrazzak, Saleem Latif Mohammed, Ali Al-Naji, Javaan Chahl

“…Severe cases of jaundice may cause acute bilirubin encephalopathy due to the toxicity of bilirubin to the cells of the brain, which may lead to kernicterus. …”
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Urinary tract infections in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis, listed for liver transplantation by P. D. Bessonov, I. V. Borzunov, E. N. Bessonova

“…Frequency of urinary tract infections was higher in those with severe liver cirrhosis complications (in past history as well) such as hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. …”
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Diagnosing Perioperative Cardiovascular Risks in Noncardiac Surgery Patients by Panpan Li, Ying Lei, Qiaomei Li, Thangavel Lakshmipriya, Subash C. B. Gopinath, Xinwen Gong

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Prion Diseases and the Gastrointestinal Tract by Gwynivere A Davies, Adam R Bryant, John D Reynolds, Frank R Jirik, Keith A Sharkey

“…The gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a central role in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. These are human and animal diseases that include bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. …”
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An Atypical Presentation of Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy Diagnosed with Whole Exome Sequencing and Treated with Lysine Restriction and Supplementation with Arginine and Pyridoxine by Jiyoung Kim, Angela Pipitone Dempsey, Sun Young Kim, Meral Gunay-Aygun, Hilary J. Vernon

“…Pyridoxine dependent-developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (PD-DEE) or pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in ALDH7A1. …”
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Feasibility study of PET/CT for the detection and localization of nervous system damage caused by trimethyltin chloride by Anqing Liu, Qingqiang Tu, Ming Huang

“…In conclusion, TMT induces a widespread reduction in energy metabolism across various brain regions, and PET/CT can serve as a sensitive detection method for TMT-induced encephalopathy.…”
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Demographics, aetiology and outcome of paediatric acute liver failure in Singapore by Fang Kuan Chiou, Veena Logarajah, Christopher Wen Wei Ho, Lynette Suk-Hui Goh, Sivaramakrishnan Venkatesh Karthik, Marion Margaret Aw, Kong Boo Phua

“…PALF was defined by: absence of chronic liver disease; biochemical evidence of acute liver injury; and coagulopathy, non-correctible by vitamin K, defined as prothrombin time (PT) ≥20 seconds or international normalised ratio (INR) ≥2.0 regardless of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) or PT ≥15 seconds or INR ≥1.5 in the presence of HE. …”
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The Potential of Neonatal Organ Donation in Central Sweden by Emil Bluhme, Ewa Henckel, Boubou Hallberg, Carl Jorns

“…Main cause of death was hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy 47% (n = 40). Median weight was 2,355 (IQR: 1,953) g, with 31% receiving inotropic support. …”
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Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus Resembling Clinical Absence with Atypical EEG Pattern by Channaiah Srikanth Mysore, Najib Murr, Rana Zabad, John Bertoni

“…We are reporting two cases: a patient with steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) and another patient with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), both presenting with altered mental status (AMS) and later diagnosed with nonconvulsive atypical absence status epilepticus (AS), with atypical EEG changes. …”
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Indications And Outcomes In Neonates Requiring Mechanical Ventilation In Level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Wah Cantt, Pakistan by Maryam Asrar, Sajid Nazir, Shahzad Haider, Huzaifa Sajid

“…Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS ) (28.7%), Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) (26.6%), and Neonatal sepsis (NNS) (14.1%) were the three most indications for ventilation. …”
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Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Presenting as Bilateral Ptosis in a Sri Lankan Child by Ishara Kumarasiri, Ruwan Samararathna, Udara Sandakelum, Oshanie Muthukumarana, Reha Balasubramaniam, Sachith Mettananda

“…Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is a rare inflammatory demyelinating disease characterized by acute onset polyfocal neurological deficits associated with encephalopathy. It commonly presents with fever, meningism, seizures, ataxia, motor deficits, and bladder dysfunction. …”
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Cooling in Surgical Patients: Two Case Reports by Bibi F. Gurreebun, Christos S. Zipitis, Ngozi E. Edi-Osagie, Ian M. Dady, Axel Sylvan

“…Moderate induced hypothermia has become standard of care for children with peripartum hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. However, children with congenital abnormalities and conditions requiring surgical intervention have been excluded from randomised controlled trials investigating this, in view of concerns regarding the potential side effects of cooling that can affect surgery. …”
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