Phenol Red Adsorption from Aqueous Solution on the Modified Bentonite by Nguyen Le My Linh, Tran Duong, Hoang Van Duc, Nguyen Thi Anh Thu, Pham Khac Lieu, Nguyen Van Hung, Le Thi Hoa, Dinh Quang Khieu

“…X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis (TG-DTA), infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms were utilized to characterize the resultant modified bentonites. …”
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Inactivation of Zika Virus with Hydroxypropyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin by Cory R. Hewitt, Nicholas J. Wixon, Arthur Gallegos, You Zhou, Victor C. Huber, M. Scott Killian

“…The BCD-treated ZIKV was evaluated for infectivity using immunofluorescence and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assays, for immunoreactivity in Western blots, structural integrity by electron microscopy, and immunogenicity in mice. <b>Results</b>: Here, we show that 200 mM BCD-treated ZIKV is non-infectious in cell culture, remains immunoreactive with an Env-specific antibody, retains its virion shape and size, and elicits the production of immunogen-specific antibodies in immunized mice. …”
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Fast and Selective Adsorption of Au (III) from the Waste Printed Circuit Boards Using a Low-Cost Adsorbent: Optimization by Central Composite Design Based on Response Surface Metho... by Farideh Zandi-Darehgharibi, Hedayat Haddadi, Arash Asfaram

“…It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), elemental analysis (CHN), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) (FE-SEM-EDS-mapping). …”
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Joining of Polymer to Aluminum Alloy AA1050 By Friction Spot Welding by Osamah Sabah Barrak, Mahmood Mohammed Hamzah, Ali Safaa Ali, Slim Ben-Elechi, Sami Chatti, Wasaq Haider Moubder, Ruba Rasool Radhi, Arfan Ali Ahmad

“…Many tests for the joint are done: shear test and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using the Minitab program, the effect of the parameters on the joint was analysed. …”
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Effect of residual carbon on crystallization and solidification behavior of coal gasification coarse slag by Ze Meng, Rongsheng Xu, Qian Feng, Xiongchao Lin, Mei Li

“…The experimental approach involves the utilization of various techniques, namely ash fusion temperature (AFT) tests, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DSC), and K-value semiquantitative analysis. …”
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Application of a new type of Si–Al porous clay material as a solid phase support for immobilizing sp. PM3 to treat domestic sewage by Binhui Jiang, Yu Li, Haiyan Wang, Liping Jia, Fei Huang, Xiaomin Hu

“…The porous clay material W was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy indicating that porous clay material W was a type of mullite with 63.52 m 2 /g specific surface area. …”
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Effect of the sintering temperature on the electrical properties of Y–Al‐doped ZnO varistors by Lei Wang, Hang Zhang, Kexin Zhang, Yubo Shen, Limin Qu, Yue Yin, Pengfei Meng, Jingke Guo

“…Abstract To investigate the relationship between the electrical properties of Y–Al doped ZnO varistors and sintering temperature, in this study, we measured the voltage–current characteristics and electrical performance parameters of samples sintered at 1100∘C–1300∘C. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that as the sintering temperature increased, the grain size grew significantly, leading to a reduction in voltage gradient. …”
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Kinetic Study on the CsXH3−X PW12O40/Fe-SiO2 Nanocatalyst for Biodiesel Production by Mostafa Feyzi, Leila Norouzi, Hamid Reza Rafiee

“…Characterization of catalyst was carried out by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), N2 adsorption-desorption measurements methods, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).…”
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Verification of Interaction Between Cl⁻ Erosion and Carbonation in Marine Concrete by Maohua Zhang, Lin Du, Ronghua Xu

“…Both carbonation-treated and standard concrete specimens are immersed in 5% artificial seawater to evaluate the impact of carbonation on chloride erosion, with the free chloride content in the concrete serving as the assessment criterion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is employed to examine the microstructure of the concrete, elucidating the interplay between Cl⁻ erosion and carbonation. …”
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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Chitosan/Polyvinyl Alcohol Silver Nanoparticles Gel for Wound Dressing Applications by Nguyen Thi Hiep, Huynh Chan Khon, Vo Van Thanh Niem, Vo Van Toi, Tran Ngoc Quyen, Nguyen Dai Hai, Mai Ngoc Tuan Anh

“…The presence of silver nanoparticles in CPA gels matrix was examined using UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The interaction of CS and PVA was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. …”
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Evaluation of the Synergistic Effect of Erosion-Corrosion on AISI 4330 Steel in Saline-Sand Multiphase Flow by Electrochemical and Gravimetric Techniques by Dario Yesid Peña Ballesteros, Yelsin Enrique Mendez Camacho, Lizeth Viviana Barreto Hernandez

“…The worn surface was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that, under all the test conditions assessed, the passivity of the steel alloy could not be maintained; as a result, an activation mechanism dominates the corrosion process of steel alloy. …”
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Macroscopic perspective on phase transition behavior of natural single-crystal graphite under different pressure environments by Xiaoshuang Yin, Songyang Li, Lijuan Wang, Peiyuan Liu, Zhihai Cheng, Huiyang Gou, Liuxiang Yang

“…Here, we report on the pressure-induced phase transition behavior of natural single-crystal graphite under three distinct pressure-transmitting media from a macroscopic perspective using in situ two-dimensional Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The surface evolution process of graphite before and after the phase transition is captured, revealing that pressure-induced surface textures can impede the continuity of the phase transition process across the entire single crystal. …”
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Selenium nanoparticles and maize: Understanding the impact on seed germination, growth, and nutrient interactions by Ezequiel García-Locascio, Edgardo I. Valenzuela, Pabel Cervantes-Avilés

“…Se content increased between 90 – 350 % in the seed and 97.6 – 1210.5 % in the seedlings. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) micrographs showed deposition of Se NPs near the endosperm, where internalization over time could occur. …”
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Salmon Muscle Adherence to Polymer Coatings and Determination of Antibiotic Residues by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Selected Reaction Monitorin... by E. Zumelzu, M. J. Wehrhahn, O. Muñoz, F. Rull

“…This work characterized the changes occurring in the multilayer PET polymer and steel of containers by electron microscopy, 3D atomic force microscopy (3D-AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analyses. …”
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Enhancing tribological and corrosion characteristics of AA2099/GNP metal matrix nanocomposites through parametric optimization using Taguchi Technique by Ch Polayya, C S P Rao, Veeresh Kumar G B

“…The microstructural analysis employs scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), while hardness is evaluated using specialized Vickers microhardness equipment. …”
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Morphological Effect of CNT/TiO2 Nanocomposite Photoelectrodes Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell on Photovoltaic Performance with Various Annealing Temperatures by Mohd Zikri Razali, Huda Abdullah, Izamarlina Asaahari

“…The field emission scanning electron microscopy morphological images show that the thin films were homogenously distributed and maintained their spherical structures. …”
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Fracture behaviour of concrete with different replacement rates of iron tailings sand based on double-K criterion by Yao Zhang, Wei-Hua Ma, Hong-Zhen Kang, Qiang Li

“…After the fracture test, samples were extracted from the specimens and subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) for microscopic analysis. …”
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Effect of Light-Activated Hypocrellin B on the Growth and Membrane Permeability of Gram-Negative Escherichia coli Cells by Yuan Jiang, Wingnang Leung, Qingjuan Tang, Hongwei Zhang, Chuanshan Xu

“…Bacterial morphology was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Reactive oxygen species in bacterial cells were measured using flow cytometry with DCFH-DA staining. …”
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Removal of Azo Dyes (Violet B and Violet 5R) from Aqueous Solution Using New Activated Carbon Developed from Orange Peel by Saeedeh Hashemian, Khaterah Salari, Hamila Salehifar, Zahra Atashi Yazdi

“…COP was characterized using Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET. COP has surface area and mean pore diameter of 225.6 m2 g−1 and 22.40 nm, respectively. …”
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Biosynthesis of Crystalline Silver and Gold Nanoparticles by Extremophilic Yeasts by Ana Mourato, Mário Gadanho, Ana R. Lino, Rogério Tenreiro

“…When the washed yeast cells were in contact with Ag or Au solutions, AgNPs smaller than 20 nm were produced, as for the AuNPs diameter ranged from 30 to 100 nm, as determined through transmission electron microscopy and confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectra. …”
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