Sol–gel synthesis of silicon oxide (SiO2) nanoparticles: exploring gas sensing and photocatalytic applications by Laxmi D. Sonawane, Abhinay S. Mandawade, Anil B. Gite, Sarika D. Shinde, Ganesh E. Patil, Latesh K. Nikam, Vishal H. Goswami, Ramesh B. Bhise, Pradip B. Sarawade, Mahendra S. Shinde

“…Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy analysis indicated a band gap energy of 5 eV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis displayed a broad peak, confirming the amorphous nature of the material. …”
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Fabrication and characterization of V-doped ZnO films implemented to lead-free piezoelectric micromachined devices by Xingxu Zhang, Hao Wu, Yuhui Zhang, Jian Luo, Tao Ye, Kai Tao, Jinjun Deng, Binghe Ma, Weizheng Yuan

“…By using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the surface morphology and crystal structure of the films are analyzed respectively. …”
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Reversible multivalent carrier redox exceeding intercalation capacity boundary by Yuanhe Sun, Rui Qi, Qi Lei, Wei Zhang, Haitao Li, Mengru Lin, Hao Shi, Jianrong Zeng, Wen Wen, Yi Gao, Xiaolong Li, Chunyi Zhi, Daming Zhu

“…Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy, operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction and composite ex situ characterization jointly demonstrated that intercalated divalent copper is preferentially involved in redox afforded extra electron transfer to form reversible monovalent copper pillars, thus not only ensuring stable topological de/intercalation with high capacity but also sustaining fast migration kinetic paths through reconfigurable pillar effects. …”
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Evaluation of the antibacterial and antibiofilm effect of mycosynthesized silver and selenium nanoparticles and their synergistic effect with antibiotics on nosocomial bacteria by Nahed Fathallah Fahmy, Marwa Mahmoud Abdel-Kareem, Heba A. Ahmed, Mena Zarif Helmy, Ekram Abdel-Rahman Mahmoud

“…The crystallinity and stability of AgNPs and SeNPs was confirmed using X-ray diffraction analysis and zeta potential measurements, respectively. …”
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Source and Ecological Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals in Urban Riverine Sediments Using Multivariate Analytical and Statistical Tools by Xiaojun Zheng, Abdul Rehman, Shan Zhong, Shah Faisal, Muhammad Mahroz Hussain, Syeda Urooj Fatima, Daolin Du

“…Additionally, techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were employed to investigate the mineralogical and morphological aspects. …”
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Mn-doped ZnO thin films as a platform for reagentless uric acid biosensor by Bilasini Devi Naorem, Jatinder Pal Singh, Babita Sharma, Satyam Garg, Athira C, Hashima Sherin, Mahima Momaliya, Muskan, Shubhi Sahu, Arijit Chowdhuri, Mallika Verma, Monika Tomar, Neha Batra

“…The Mn-doped thin films of concentrations varying from 3 %,5 %,7 % and 10 % were prepared and further characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. …”
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Ultrafast Sintering of Dense Li7La3Zr2O12 Membranes for Li Metal All‐Solid‐State Batteries by Faruk Okur, Huanyu Zhang, Julian F. Baumgärtner, Jaka Sivavec, Matthias Klimpel, Gregor Paul Wasser, Romain Dubey, Lars P.H. Jeurgens, Dmitry Chernyshov, Wouter vanBeek, Kostiantyn V. Kravchyk, Maksym V. Kovalenko

“…The chemical and structural evolution of LLZO membranes during the UFS process is characterized through in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis‐mass spectrometry, complemented by an in‐depth investigation of surface chemistry using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. …”
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Experimental research on mechanical and impact properties of ceramsite prepared from secondary aluminum dross and municipal solid waste incineration ash by Wangze He, Yufei Yang, Xinghan Zhu, Jinzhong Yang, Yingjie Sun, Qifei Huang

“…Analysis through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of new mineral phases such as sodium feldspar and potassium feldspar in the ceramsite, which display a dense structure under microscopic observation. …”
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Assessment of the Effects of Newly Fabricated CaO, CuO, ZnO Nanoparticles on Callus Formation Maintenance of <i>Alfalfa</i> (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) Under In Vitro Salt Stress by Mustafa Akçay, Merve Simsek Geyik, Busra Yazicilar, Fatma Boke, Hayrunnisa Nadaroglu, Okkes Atıcı, İsmail Bezirganoğlu

“…The NPs were synthesized from the extracts obtained from healthy walnut shells using the green synthesis approach and then characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The leaf explants were placed in an MS medium containing 4 mg L⁻¹ 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), 50 mM NaCl, and 0.8 ppm of NPs for 1 month in the dark. …”
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Slurry Synthesis and Thin-Film Fabrication Toward Production of Li₂O-B₂O₃-Al₂O₃-Based Multilayer Oxide Solid-State Batteries for Internet of Things Applications by Jihyun Park, Jongmin Choi, Jihye Seo, Wolil Nam, Soobeom Lee, Seungchan Cho, Kyungchul Park, Geonhyoung An, Beomkyeong Park, Moonhee Choi

“…A comprehensive analysis of the fabricated thin films included X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm their amorphous structure, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for particle morphology, and contact angle measurements to verify surface hydrophilicity. …”
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Preparation, characterization, and antibacterial application of cross-linked nanoparticles composite films by Yuxin Zhao, Guanglong Yao, Kaimian Li, Jianqiu Ye, Jian Chen, Jie Zhang

“…The structures of the films were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the cross-linked starch, SA, AgNPs, and ZnOs had good biocompatibility and interactions, and the AgNPs and ZnOs had synergistic effects. …”
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Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanorods with the Thickness of Less than or Equal to 1 μm through Zinc Acetate or Zinc Nitrate for Perovskite Solar Cell Applications by Albertus Bramantyo, Kenji Murakami, Masayuki Okuya, Arief Udhiarto, Nji Raden Poespawati

“…Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were observed to analyze the morphological shape of the ZnO NRs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles were characterized to obtain the data for ZnO NR crystallinity. …”
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Kinetics, modelling and optimization of Shea butter transesterification via clay doped ionic liquid catalyst by Nwosu-Obieogu Kenechi, Ude Callistus Nonso, Onukwuli Dominic Okechukwu, Ezeugo Joseph

“…Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Braut Emmet Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were used to evaluate the catalyst's processability. …”
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Comparative analysis of solvent-based and solvent-free (melting) methods for fabricating 3D-printed polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite composite bone scaffolds: physicochemical/mechan... by Brigita De Vega, Brigita De Vega, Abir Dutta, Abir Dutta, Aisha Mumtaz, Bob C. Schroeder, Craig Gerrand, Ashleigh S. Boyd, Ashleigh S. Boyd, Deepak M. Kalaskar, Deepak M. Kalaskar

“…Rheology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), accelerated degradation, mechanical/compression test, wettability/contact angle, live/dead assay, and DNA quantification (Picogreen) assays were evaluated.FindingsThe study finds that scaffolds made via the solid solvent method have higher mechanical strength and degradation rate as compared to those from the melting method, while both methods ensure adequate cytocompatibility and homogenous hydroxyapatite distribution, supporting their use in bone tissue engineering.OriginalityThis research investigates the utility of chloroform as a solvent for PCL composite in a direct comparison with the melting method. …”
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Silver Trimolybdate (Ag2Mo3O10.2H2O) Nanorods: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photo-Induced Antibacterial Activity under Visible-Light Irradiation by Maria Karollyna do Nascimento Silva Leandro, João Victor Barbosa Moura, Ana Carolina Justino de Araújo, Priscilla Ramos Freitas, Cicera Laura Roque Paulo, Amanda Karine de Sousa, Janaina Esmeraldo Rocha, Lívia Maria Garcia Leandro, Rakel Olinda Macedo da Silva, Clenilton Costa dos Santos, Jaime Ribeiro-Filho, Cleânio da Luz Lima, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Zahra Seifi, Bonglee Kim, Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho

“…The sample was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV–Vis–NIR diffuse reflectance, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). …”
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TiO₂ Nanosphere/MoSe₂ Nanosheet-Based Heterojunction Gas Sensor for High-Sensitivity Sulfur Dioxide Detection by Lanjuan Zhou, Chang Niu, Tian Wang, Hao Zhang, Gongao Jiao, Dongzhi Zhang

“…The TiO₂/MoSe₂ composites (with a TiO₂-to-MoSe₂ volume ratio of 2:1) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TiO₂/MoSe₂ sensor exhibited high sensitivity to SO₂; the response to 100 ppm of SO₂ reached as high as 59.3, with a significantly shorter response and recovery time (15 s/13 s), as well as excellent repeatability, selectivity, and long-term stability. …”
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Preparation of the Magnesium Hydroxide-Activated Carbon Composites and Optimize of Their Decolorization Process for Syrup by Jinzu CHEN, Xiaowen WEI, Jingjing NONG, Lifang HAN, Xue FENG, Tingfan TANG, Lijun LI, Hao CHENG

“…These composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), specific surface area and porosity analyzer (BET) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Besides, the optimal decolorization of remelt syrup of brown granulated sugar was optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments with the decolorization rate as the index, and the input amount, pH, decolorization temperature and decolorization time of the composites as the influencing factors. …”
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Post-Hercynian ultrahigh-temperature tectono-metamorphic evolution of the Middle Atlas lower crust (central Morocco) revealed by metapelitic granulite xenoliths by A. El Maz, A. Vauchez, J.-M. Dautria

“…Mineralogy, petrology, <span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i></span>–<span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i></span> estimates, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data support that these granulites underwent two successive tectono-metamorphic events before their entrapment in lava. …”
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Effect of 3D Metal on Electrochemical Properties of Sodium Intercalation Cathode P2-NaxMe1/3Mn2/3O2 (M = Co, Ni, or Fe) by Nam Pham Phuong Le, Nguyen Le Thanh Huynh, An Le Bao Phan, Dieu Thi Ngoc Nguyen, Trang Thi Thu Nguyen, Hoang Van Nguyen, Xujian Cui, Akhil Garg, Phung My Loan Le, Man Van Tran

“…This research aims to evaluate the influence of different 3D metals (Fe, Co, and Ni) substituted to Mn on the electrochemical performance of P2-NaxMe1/3Mn2/3O2 material, which was synthesized by the coprecipitation process followed by calcination at high temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that the synthesized Mn-rich materials possessed a P2-type structure with a negligible amount of oxide impurities. …”
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Insights from the compositional evolution of a multi-coloured, zoned tourmaline from the Cruzeiro pegmatite, Minas Gerais, Brazil by G. B. Andreozzi, G. B. Andreozzi, C. Gori, H. Skogby, U. Hålenius, A. Altieri, F. Bosi, F. Bosi

“…Four representative fragments of the multi-coloured, zoned tourmaline were thoroughly investigated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction; electron microprobe analysis; and <span class="inline-formula">⁵⁷</span>Fe Mössbauer, Fourier transform infrared, and optical absorption spectroscopies to obtain the full composition and site occupancies. …”
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