Beyond modular and non-modular states: theoretical considerations, exemplifications, and practical implications by Francesco Benso, Carlo Chiorri, Eleonora Ardu, Paola Venuti, Angela Pasqualotto, Angela Pasqualotto

“…Furthermore, we investigate the dynamic interactions between the Default Mode Network (DMN), Central Executive Network (CEN), and Salience Network (SN), highlighting their roles in shifting between automatic and controlled states. …”
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A multimodal characterization of low-dimensional thalamocortical structural connectivity patterns by Alexandra John, Meike D. Hettwer, H. Lina Schaare, Amin Saberi, Şeyma Bayrak, Bin Wan, Jessica Royer, Boris C. Bernhardt, Sofie L. Valk

“…Lastly, exploring multimodal associations globally, we observe the principal axis consistently differentiating limbic, frontoparietal, and default mode network nodes from dorsal and ventral attention networks across modalities. …”
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Altered Spontaneous Brain Activity of Children with Unilateral Amblyopia: A Resting State fMRI Study by Peishan Dai, Jinlong Zhang, Jing Wu, Zailiang Chen, Beiji Zou, Ying Wu, Xin Wei, Manyi Xiao

“…The ROIs-FC between the default mode network, salience network, and primary visual cortex network (PVCN) were significantly reduced, whereas the ROIs-FC between the PVCN and the high-level visual cortex network were significantly increased in amblyopia. …”
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Functional resting state connectivity is differentially associated with IL-6 and TNF-α in depression and in healthy controls by Christian N. Schmitz, Gebhard Sammer, Elena Neumann, Carlo Blecker, Gerhard Gründer, Hana Adolphi, Eva Kathrin Lamadé, Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzi

“…We used fMRI to investigate the functional connectivity (FC) of the resting state Default Mode Network (DMN) and Salience/Ventral Attention Network (SAL) and their association with the peripheral inflammation markers IL-6 and TNF-α in 25 patients with depression and compared it to 24 healthy subjects. …”
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Progress in the Application of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain by XU Ting, XUE Qin, LÜ Ying, TU Jianchun, DAI Dechun

“…Studies show that there are plastic changes in the brain areas related to pain perception, emotion, and cognition in CNLBP, and these abnormalities still exist even in the absence of noxious pain; the function of the motivation-reward circuit in CNLBP is weakened, leading to a decline in cognitive ability; the Default Mode Network (DMN) produces complex regulation of pain through the adjustment within its own network and other brain networks; negative emotions may further reduce the information transmission capacity at both global and local levels of the CNLBP brain functional network. …”
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Alterations of triple network dynamic connectivity and repetitive behaviors after mini-basketball training program in children with autism spectrum disorder by Weike Zhang, Kelong Cai, Xuan Xiong, Lina Zhu, Zhiyuan Sun, Sixin Yang, Wei Cheng, Haiyong Mao, Aiguo Chen

“…Compared to the control group, the exercise group exhibited distinct dynamic connectivity patterns in two networks: Network 1 involved cross-network dynamic connectivity changes within the triple network, and Network 2 pertained to dynamic connectivity alterations within the default mode network. Furthermore, a reduction in the RBS-R Total score was observed in the exercise group, reflecting improvements in self-injurious behavior and restricted behavior. …”
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Decreased Gray Matter Volume in the Frontal Cortex of Migraine Patients with Associated Functional Connectivity Alterations: A VBM and rs-FC Study by Zhijian Cao, Wenjing Yu, Zhengxiang Zhang, Maosheng Xu, Jiangnan Lin, Luping Zhang, Wenwen Song

“…Our results demonstrated that the middle frontal cortex may serve as an important target in the frequency and severity of migraines due to its role in pain regulation through the default mode network, especially in the PCC. In addition, the cerebellum may modulate the pathophysiology of migraines by serving as a communication point between the cortex and the brainstem.…”
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Reconfiguration of brain network dynamics in bipolar disorder: a hidden Markov model approach by Xi Zhang, Lan Yang, Jiayu Lu, Yuting Yuan, Dandan Li, Hui Zhang, Rong Yao, Jie Xiang, Bin Wang

“…Conversely, BD spent more time in anticorrelated states featuring overall negative correlations, particularly among pairs of default mode network (DMN) and sensorimotor network (SMN), DMN and insular-opercular ventral attention networks (ION), subcortical network (SCN) and SMN, as well as SCN and ION. …”
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Alterations of Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity and Degree Centrality in Cervical Dystonia: A Resting-State fMRI Study by Wenyan Jiang, Yiwu Lei, Jing Wei, Lu Yang, Shubao Wei, Qiong Yin, Shuguang Luo, Wenbin Guo

“…Local abnormalities and interhemispheric interaction deficits in the sensorimotor network (SMA, postcentral gyrus, and PCu), default mode network (MPFC and PCu), and basal ganglia may be the key characteristics in the pathogenesis mechanism of CD.…”
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Impaired network organization in mild age‐related hearing loss by Zhaopeng Tong, Chunhua Xing, Xiaomin Xu, Jin‐Jing Xu, Yuanqing Wu, Richard Salvi, Xindao Yin, Fei Zhao, Yu‐Chen Chen, Yuexin Cai

“…ARHL was associated with decreased sFNC/dFNC within the default mode network (DMN) and increased sFNC/dFNC between the DMN and central executive, salience (SN), and visual networks. …”
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Altered Functional Connectivity of Cognitive-Related Cerebellar Subregions in Well-Recovered Stroke Patients by Wei Li, Tong Han, Wen Qin, Jing Zhang, Huaigui Liu, Ying Li, Liangliang Meng, Xunming Ji, Chunshui Yu

“…The cerebellar crus II is correlated with the frontoparietal network (FPN), whereas the cerebellar IX is associated with the default-mode network (DMN). These two networks are anticorrelated and cooperatively implicated in cognitive control, which may facilitate the motor recovery in stroke patients. …”
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Short-Term Restriction of Physical and Social Activities Effects on Brain Structure and Connectivity by Yajuan Zhang, Lianghu Guo, Zhuoyang Gu, Qing Yang, Siyan Han, Han Zhang

“…Longitudinal FC trajectories revealed decreased connectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and sensorimotor/attention networks post-lockdown, and recovery after four months post-lifting of the lockdown. …”
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Social behavior in ASD males: The interplay between cognitive flexibility, working memory, and functional connectivity deviations by Shi Yu Chan, Jasmine Si Min Chuah, Pei Huang, Ai Peng Tan

“…Deviations in rsFC patterns among the default mode network (DMN), ventral attention network (VAN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and somatomotor network (SMN) were associated with distinct dimensions of social behavior. …”
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Aberrant resting-state functional network centrality and cognitive impairment in unmedicated, euthymic bipolar patients by Hong Li, Qijin Wu, Jiahui Wang, Xiaobin Zhang, Huihui Song, Dong Wang

“…Additionally, we identified intranetwork and internetwork functional connectivity alterations in the default mode network (DMN), fronto-parietal network (FPN), and central executive network (CEN) in euthymic BD patients compared to HC. …”
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Dynamic cycles between brain states during creative storytelling by Xitong Liang, Mingnan Cai, Gaohan Jing, Chengming Zhang, Emily Sophia Nichols, Li Liu

“…The results showed that two key brain states are associated with creative thinking, with one involving whole-brain synchronization and the other involving the synchronization of four networks, including the default mode network and the control network. The transition patterns between the key brain states provide tentative evidence for dynamic circulation between different mental states during creative storytelling. …”
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Classification of female MDD patients with and without suicidal ideation using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and machine learning by Morteza Fattahi, Milad Esmaeil-Zadeh, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, Reza Rostami, Jamil Mansouri, Gholam-Ali Hossein-Zadeh, Gholam-Ali Hossein-Zadeh

“…These areas are associated with the Central Executive Control Network (ECN), the Default Mode Network, and the ECN, respectively. Comparing the results of MDD patients with suicidal ideation to those without suicidal ideations suggests dysfunctions in decision-making ability, in MDD females suffering from suicidal tendencies. …”
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fMRI Study on the Functional Connectivity of Nucleus Accumbens in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis by Yang XIAO, Jiao LIU, kun HU, Meiqin LIN, Youxue TU, Jing TAO, Lidian CHEN, Jia HUANG

“…About the correlation between brain regions with differences in functional connectivity of bilateral NAc and the pain subtest of KOOS in the two groups, the rsFCs of bilateral NAc-right DLPFC/bilateral NAc-left S2 were positively correlated with pain subtest of the KOOS in the KOA group.Conclusion:It suggests that the abnormal functional connectivity between default mode network, where the brain regions related to cognitive control, emotional regulation, sensory processing and NAc, which is related to the central dopamine system, may be one of the underlying mechanisms of pain syndrome of KOA.…”
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Passive hyperthermia alters the resting-state functional connectivity of mouse brain by Yang Ruan, Kai Liu, Bo Li, Shaowen Qian, Hongxia Lei, Yao Xing, Gang Sun

“…After data preprocessing, we performed independent component analysis (ICA) and region of interested (ROI)-ROI functional connectivity (FC) analyses on the data of both HT (n = 13) and NC (n = 15).Results The group ICA analysis showed that the HT and the NC both included 11 intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs), and can be divided into four types of networks: the cortical network (CN), the subcortical network (SN), the default mode network (DMN), and cerebellar networks. CN and SN belongs to sensorimotor network. …”
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Biomarker Investigation Using Multiple Brain Measures from MRI Through Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Alzheimer’s Disease Classification by Davide Coluzzi, Valentina Bordin, Massimo W. Rivolta, Igor Fortel, Liang Zhan, Alex Leow, Giuseppe Baselli

“…Statistical tests (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and ranking of the 15% most relevant parcels revealed the involvement of target areas: the medial temporal lobe for ResNet18 and the default mode network for BC-GCN-SE. Additionally, our findings suggest that different imaging modalities provide complementary information to DL models. …”
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Study of dynamic brain function in irritable bowel syndrome via Hidden Markov Modeling by Chuan Jing, Tianci Liu, Qingzhou Li, Chuan Zhang, Baijintao Sun, Xuezhao Yang, Yutao You, Jixin Liu, Hanfeng Yang

“…The reconfiguration of HMM states over time scales in IBS patients was associated with abnormal activity in the default mode network (DMN), sensorimotor network (SMN), and cingulo-opercular network (CON).ConclusionThis study offers novel insights into the dynamic reorganization of brain activity patterns in IBS and elucidates potential links between these patterns and IBS-related emotional regulation and symptom experience, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying IBS.…”
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