Dual-immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages and structural elucidation of a polysaccharide isolated from fermentation broth of Paecilomyces hepiali by Baoming Tian, Renjian Liu, Qi Li, Hanshan Xu, Ming Cai, Rongfa Guan, Peilong Sun, Kai Yang

“…The nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytosis activity, and cytokine secretion were significantly increased (P < 0.05) after PHP40-2 treatment; however, PHP40-2 could inhibit NO production and cytokine secretion in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages (P < 0.05). …”
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Electronegative LDL: A Circulating Modified LDL with a Role in Inflammation by Montserrat Estruch, José Luis Sánchez-Quesada, Jordi Ordóñez Llanos, Sònia Benítez

“…LDL(−) has inflammatory properties similar to those of oxidized LDL (oxLDL), such as inflammatory cytokine release in leukocytes and endothelial cells. …”
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Advances and prospects of cell-penetrating peptides in tumor immunotherapy by Di Yang, Baorui Liu, Huizi Sha

“…This review delves into the crucial role that CPPs play in enhancing tumor immunotherapy, emphasizing their impact on various immunotherapy strategies, such as cytokine therapy, adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. …”
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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in Protozoan Infections by Marcelo T. Bozza, Yuri C. Martins, Letícia A. M. Carneiro, Claudia N. Paiva

“…Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine that plays a central role in immune and inflammatory responses. …”
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Virus Infection-Induced Bronchial Asthma Exacerbation by Mutsuo Yamaya

“…Several drugs used for the treatment of bronchial asthma reduce viral and pro-inflammatory cytokine release from airway epithelial cells infected with viruses. …”
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The Role of TGFβ Signaling in Squamous Cell Cancer: Lessons from Mouse Models by Adam B. Glick

“…Because of these diverse biological processes regulated by TGFβ1, this cytokine and its signaling pathway appear to function at multiple points during carcinogenesis with distinct effects. …”
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Exercise as a Mean to Control Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation by Neha Mathur, Bente Klarlund Pedersen

“…Recently, IL-6 was introduced as the first myokine, defined as a cytokine, which is produced and released by contracting skeletal muscle fibres, exerting its effects in other organs of the body. …”
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Vitreous Analysis in the Management of Uveitis by Erika M. Damato, Martina Angi, Mario R. Romano, Francesco Semeraro, Ciro Costagliola

“…We describe the principal tests carried out on vitreous samples, including cultures, polymerase chain reaction-based testing, and cytokine analysis. Limitations of the tests used are likely to become less as more advanced testing methods are introduced. …”
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Gab Adapter Proteins as Therapeutic Targets for Hematologic Disease by Sheetal Verma, Tamisha Vaughan, Kevin D. Bunting

“…The Grb-2 associated binder (Gab) family of scaffolding/adaptor/docking proteins is a group of three molecules with significant roles in cytokine receptor signaling. Gabs possess structural motifs for phosphorylation-dependent receptor recruitment, Grb2 binding, and activation of downstream signaling pathways through p85 and SHP-2. …”
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Occurrence of Psoriatic Arthritis during Interferon Beta 1a Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis by Éric Toussirot, Matthieu Béreau, Marie Bossert, Imad Malkoun, Anne Lohse

“…Interferon beta (IFN-β) is the first line therapy of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. IFN-β is a cytokine that can contribute to the development of systemic autoimmune disease including psoriasis. …”
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Role of C5 Activation Products in Sepsis by Peter A. Ward

“…C5a reacts with its receptors C5aR and C5L2 in a manner that creates the “cytokine storm”, and is associated with development of multiorgan failure (MOF). …”
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Expression Profiling of Transglutaminase 2 and Inflammatory Host Response in Aspergillus Fumigatus After Treatment with Curcuma Extracts by Omar Sadik Shalal

“…We also screened the levels of cytokines with and without the treatment to confirm the activity. …”
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Immunomodulating activities of a natural α1 -acid glycoprotein and its carbohydrate chains attached to the Protein-Free Polymer by A. L. Pukhalsky, S. D. Shyian, E. A. Kalashnikova, G. V. Shmarina, D. A. Pukhalskaya, N. V. Bovin

“…Stimulation of the LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production by m ononuclear cells treated with both natural and pseudo-AGP has been also demonstrated. …”
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The Roles of circRNAs in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Inflammation, Extracellular Matrix Metabolism, and Apoptosis by Hao Li, Lijun Tian, Jianhua Li, Yongjin Li, Lilong Du, Zhenxin Huo, Baoshan Xu

“…Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as a kind of noncoding RNA (ncRNA), participate in the regulation of genetic transcription and translation and further affect the expression of inflammatory cytokine, metabolism of extracellular matrix (ECM), the proliferation and apoptosis of cells, etc. …”
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Tag7 (PGLYRP1) Can Induce an Emergence of the CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127+ Cells with Antitumor Activity by T. N. Sharapova, E. A. Romanova, L. P. Sashchenko, D. V. Yashin

“…Our data suggest that this subpopulation of cells is identical to the CD4+CD25+ lymphocytes, which are activated in the leukocyte pool by the IL-2 cytokine.…”
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Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory Effect and Its Mechanisms of Sophoridine by Xiumei Huang, Bo Li, Lianzhong Shen

“…It is demonstrated that sophoridine’s anti-inflammatory effect was due to its ability to inhibit the production of cytokine and inflammatory mediators.…”
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Activated neutrophils: A next generation cellular immunotherapy by Ninad Kumbhojkar, Samir Mitragotri

“…Activation brings about significant changes to neutrophil biology such as increased lifespan, inflammatory cytokine secretion, and enhanced effector functions. …”
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The effects of the ketone body ?-hydroxybutyrate on the neuronal transcriptome by Zayn Cheema, Megan Chen, Dana Poon, Taara Reddy, John Vergis, Sinead O'Donovan

“…We identified significantly altered (p<0.05) pathways associated with inflammation and immunity such as “regulation of proinflammatory cytokine production” and “modulation of inflammatory responses.” …”
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Overview of (1→3)-β-D-glucan immunobiology by David L. Williams

“…Following receptor binding, glucan modulates macrophage cytokine expression. Here we review the chemistry, immunobiology and toxicity of (1→3)-β-D-glucans and how it may relate to effects caused by inhalation.…”
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Genetic Factors in Animal Models of Intestinal Inflammation by R Balfour Sartor

“…The dominant role of genetic background in induction of intestinal inflammation is further documented by spontaneous colitis which develops in spontaneously mutant mice, cotton-top tamarins, human leukocyte antigen-B27/ β2 microglobulin transgenic rats and mice with targeted deletions of certain immunoregulatory cytokine and T lymphocyte genes. Identification of the immunological mechanisms of host genetic susceptibility and the genetic basis of spontaneous colitis should provide new insights into the pathogenesis of human inflammatory bowel disease.…”
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