Thrombin Cleavage of Osteopontin Modulates Its Activities in Human Cells In Vitro and Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo by Elena Boggio, Chiara Dianzani, Casimiro Luca Gigliotti, Maria Felicia Soluri, Nausicaa Clemente, Giuseppe Cappellano, Erika Toth, Davide Raineri, Benedetta Ferrara, Cristoforo Comi, Umberto Dianzani, Annalisa Chiocchetti

“…Osteopontin is a proinflammatory cytokine and plays a pathogenetic role in multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), by recruiting autoreactive T cells into the central nervous system. …”
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High Serum Level of IL-17 in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and the Alpha-1 Antitrypsin PiZ Allele by Margarita Y. Pervakova, Alexandra V. Mazing, Sergey V. Lapin, Olga Y. Tkachenko, Anna I. Budkova, Elena A. Surkova, Vladimir L. Emanuel, Olga N. Titova

“…It was found recently that normal A1AT regulates cytokine levels, including IL-17, which is involved in COPD progression. …”
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Periplanta americana extract regulates the Th17/Treg cell balance via Notch1 in ulcerative colitis by Yanqiu Zheng, Yanqiu Zheng, Huibiao Li, Shiyu Qi, Fan Xiao, Jinbin Song, Shiyin Liu, Xinlin Chen, Yanwu Li, Muyuan Chen

“…Network pharmacological analysis showed that the targets of UC intervention by PAE may be closely related to Th17 cell differentiation, the IL-17 signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Mechanistically, PAE regulated the balance of Th17/Treg and inhibited the Notch1/Math1 pathway in the colon of UC mice. …”
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Association of intratumoral microbiome diversity with hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis by Fengle Jiang, Yuan Dang, Zheting Zhang, Yanan Yan, Yingchao Wang, Yi Chen, Lihong Chen, Jialiang Zhang, Jingfeng Liu, Jianmin Wang

“…The bacteria in the long overall survival (LOS) group were associated with metabolism and cytokine‒cytokine receptor interaction pathways, while bacteria in the short overall survival (SOS) group were associated with proinflammatory and cell proliferation pathways. …”
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RNA-Seq-Based Gene Expression Pattern and Morphological Alterations in Chick Thymus during Postnatal Development by Zhouyiyuan Xue, Abdur Rahman Ansari, Xing Zhao, Kun Zang, Yu Liang, Lei Cui, Yafang Hu, Ranran Cheng, Xiaolong Zhang, Juming Zhong, Huazhen Liu

“…Moreover, we found significant changes of several signaling pathways such as the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and cell cycle signaling pathways. …”
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Visfatin Induces Inflammation and Insulin Resistance via the NF-κB and STAT3 Signaling Pathways in Hepatocytes by Yu Jung Heo, Sung-E Choi, Ja Young Jeon, Seung Jin Han, Dae Jung Kim, Yup Kang, Kwan Woo Lee, Hae Jin Kim

“…Visfatin induced proinflammatory cytokine production and inhibited insulin signaling via the STAT3 and NF-κB pathways in HepG2 cells.…”
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Diagnostic value of interleukins 23 and 17 in the assessment of ulcerative colitis severity by M.V. Stoikevych, O.M. Tatarchuk, T.S. Tarasova

“…The purpose of the study was to investigate the state of cytokine regulation of inflammation depending on the severity of UC. …”
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Osteoarthritic Synovium Are a Distinct Population Compared to Their Bone-Marrow Counterparts regarding Surface Marker Distribution and Immunomodulati... by Sebastien Hagmann, Claudia Rimmele, Florin Bucur, Thomas Dreher, Felix Zeifang, Babak Moradi, Tobias Gotterbarm

“…Proliferation upon CD3/CD28 stimulation and cytokine analyses were compared between MSCs. Results. …”
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Increased TLR4 Expression Aggravates Sepsis by Promoting IFN-γ Expression in CD38−/− Mice by Qi Li, Chenyi Wu, Zhenlong Liu, Huiqing Zhang, Yuna Du, Yuxiang Liu, Kuangyu Song, Qiaofa Shi, Rong Li

“…We assess the severity of kidney injury related to proinflammatory cytokine expressions (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in WT and CD38−/− mice. …”
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BAFF and APRIL immunotherapy following Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination enhances protection against pulmonary tuberculosis in mice by Min Xie, Chen-Yu Tsai, Joshua Woo, Frank Nuritdinov, Melissa Cristaldo, Narineh M. Odjourian, Rosleine Antilus-Sainte, Maureen Dougher, Martin Gengenbacher, Martin Gengenbacher

“…Both cytokines play overlapping roles in B cell development and peripheral survival. …”
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Potency of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Indomethacin in Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats: Roles of TNF-α, IL-10, iNOS, MMP-9, and TGF-β1 by Eman A. Ahmed, Osama M. Ahmed, Hanaa I. Fahim, Tarek M. Ali, Basem H. Elesawy, Mohamed B. Ashour

“…In conclusion, the treatment of RA with BM-MSCs and IMC together is more effective than the treatment with either BM-MSCs or IMC. The Th1 cytokine (TNF-α), Th2 cytokine (IL-10), iNOS, MMP-9, and TGF-β1 are important targets for mediating the antiarthritic effects of BM-MSCs and IMC in CFA-induced arthritis in rats.…”
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A20 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for COVID‐19 by Yongyao Wu, Lilan He, Rong Li, Jiuxuan Li, Qing Zhao, Bin Shao

“…Patients suffering from COVID‐19 may exhibit immunosuppression in the initial stage of infection, while a cytokine storm can occur when the disease progresses to a severe stage. …”
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Atypical Omenn Syndrome due to Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency by Avni Y. Joshi, Erin K. Ham, Neel B. Shah, Xiangyang Dong, Shakila P. Khan, Roshini S. Abraham

“…This case is noteworthy for a significant increase in circulating CD56brightCD16- cytokine-producing NK cells after treatment with steroids for skin rash.…”
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Based on the immune system: the role of the IL-2 family in pancreatic disease by Yuqing Zhu, Zheng Lu, Zhuo Wang, Jiao Liu, Ke Ning

“…Studies have shown that each cytokine of the IL-2 family influences the occurrence and development of pancreatic diseases by participating in the regulation of the immune system. …”
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Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of Procalcitonin in Infections by Maria Hatzistilianou

“…PCT is a protein that can act as a hormone and a cytokine. It can be produced by several cell types and many organs in response to proinflammatory stimuli, particularly bacterial infection. …”
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NF-κB, JNK, and TLR Signaling Pathways in Hepatocarcinogenesis by Shin Maeda

“…JNKs also regulate cell proliferation and act as oncogenes, making them the main tumor-promoting protein kinases. TLRs play roles in cytokine and hepatomitogen expression mainly in myeloid cells and may promote liver tumorigenesis. …”
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The Serum IL-6 Profile and Treg/Th17 Peripheral Cell Populations in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes by Monika Ryba-Stanisławowska, Maria Skrzypkowska, Jolanta Myśliwska, Małgorzata Myśliwiec

“…IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the regulation of the immune response, inflammation, and hematopoeisis. …”
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COVID-19 infection, quarantine, and sleep disorders: literature review by E. Sakalauskaitė-Juodeikienė

“…The author reviews recent scientific literature suggesting that the administration of melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists for patients with COVID-19 infection treated in the intensive care unit can reduce prevalence of delirium and improve sleep quality, protect patients from “cytokine storm” and improve acute lung injury. Finally, it will be explained how adequate sleep and adherence to sleep hygiene recommendations in this difficult situation can be one of the most important factors regulating our behaviour and emotions and guaranteeing the proper functions of the immune system. …”
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Serum IL-1β, sIL-2R, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in schizophrenic patients, relation with symptomatology and responsiveness to risperidone treatment by Ayşe Binnur Erbağci, Hasan Herken, Oya Köylüoglu, Necat Yilmaz, Mehmet Tarakçioglu

“…Activation of the inflammatory response system and varied levels of cytokines in acute schizophrenia have been suggested by recent studies. …”
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Role of serotonin in physiology and diseases of gastro-intestinal tract by E. F. Barinov, O. N. Sulayeva

“…Immunomodulating role of serotonin realized by modulation of cytokine secretion of dendritic cells and lymphocytes is demonstrated.…”
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