Innate Immune Response of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Fibroblasts and Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Periodontopathogens by Gopu Sriram, Vaishali Prakash Natu, Intekhab Islam, Xin Fu, Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne, Kai Soo Tan, Tong Cao

“…Both hESC-Fib and hESC-MSCs constitutively expressed TLR-2 and TLR-4. hESC-Fib upon exposure to periodontopathogens displayed upregulation of TLRs and release of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8). In contrast, hESC-MSCs were largely nonresponsive to bacterial challenge, especially in terms of cytokine production. …”
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Therapeutic effect of selective interleukin-2-inducible tyrosine kinase inhibitor in orbital fibroblasts from patients with Graves’ orbitopathy by Yeonjung Yoon, Hyun Young Park, Min Kyung Chae, Sun Young Jang, Jin Sook Yoon

“…The selective ITK inhibitor attenuates proinflammatory cytokine production and proinflammatory transcription factor phosphorylation in in vitro model of GO.…”
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Mast Cells Exert Anti-Inflammatory Effects in an IL10−/− Model of Spontaneous Colitis by E. M. Lennon, L. B. Borst, L. L. Edwards, A. J. Moeser

“…Compared with IL10−/− mice, DKO mice exhibited more severe colitis as assessed by increased colitis scores, mucosal hypertrophy, intestinal permeability, and colonic cytokine production. PCR array analyses demonstrated enhanced expression of numerous cytokine and chemokine genes and downregulation of anti-inflammatory genes (e.g., Tgfb2, Bmp2, Bmp4, Bmp6, and Bmp7) in the colonic mucosa of DKO mice. …”
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The Frequency and the Significance of TNF-α+CD19+ B-cell Population in Lymph Nodes of Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck by Marzieh Norouzian, Fereshteh Mehdipour, Mohammad Javad Ashraf, Bijan Khademi, Abbas Ghaderi

“…Objective: B-cells can contribute to the suppression or progression of the tumor growth through the secretion of various cytokines. In this study, the relevance of B-cell cytokine production to the outcome variables in patients having squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck was studied. …”
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Characterization of Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice Based on the Specific Recruitment of Leukocytes to the Hypertrophic Myocardium and the Aorta Ascendens by Jan Lukas Kleiner, Odilia Köpke, Anton Faron, Yunyang Zhang, Jan Cornelssen, Mark Coburn, Stilla Frede, Lars Eichhorn, Christina Katharina Weisheit

“…The levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood were elevated in response to TAC, indicating a systemic reaction. …”
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Diabetes Mellitus and Increased Tuberculosis Susceptibility: The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids by Ekta Lachmandas, Corina N. A. M. van den Heuvel, Michelle S. M. A. Damen, Maartje C. P. Cleophas, Mihai G. Netea, Reinout van Crevel

“…Butyrate decreased Mtb-induced proinflammatory cytokine responses, while it increased production of IL-10. …”
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A randomized controlled trial to compare the effect of oxycodone and sufentanil on postoperative analgesia and immune function for laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer by Chunmei Lin, Zhiqiao Xu, XinLiang, Hong Wei, Xiaoping Wang

“…In addition, there is no significant superiority in the effects of oxycodone on immune function and inflammatory cytokine release compared to sufentanil. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400089072).…”
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Differential expression of DNA fragmentation factor 45 in leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma and its correlation with TNF-α levels by Sabitha Balakrishnan, Ramya Ramadoss, Rajashree Padmanaban, Rajkumar Krishnan

“…TNF-α levels were measured in serum and saliva collected from study subjects using cytokine ELISA technique. Results: The expression of DFF-45 in OSCC was either absent or mild, while a significantly up-regulated expression of this protein was observed in leukoplakia lesions. …”
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Functional resting state connectivity is differentially associated with IL-6 and TNF-α in depression and in healthy controls by Christian N. Schmitz, Gebhard Sammer, Elena Neumann, Carlo Blecker, Gerhard Gründer, Hana Adolphi, Eva Kathrin Lamadé, Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzi

“…While the DMN FC correlated with the concentration of the cytokine IL-6 in healthy subjects, SAL FC’s connectivity correlated with the cytokine TNF-α's concentration. …”
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Dimethyl Fumarate Protects against Lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) Induced Sepsis through Inhibition of NF-κB Pathway in Mice by He Fang, Xingtong Wang, Mahendra Damarla, Rongju Sun, Qingli He, Ruojing Li, Pengfei Luo, Jun O. Liu, Zhaofan Xia

“…Inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines during sepsis is considered as an important strategy for treating sepsis and improving survival. …”
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Gene Expression Profiling in Lungs of Chronic Asthmatic Mice Treated with Galectin-3: Downregulation of Inflammatory and Regulatory Genes by Esther López, M. Paz Zafra, Beatriz Sastre, Cristina Gámez, Carlos Lahoz, Victoria del Pozo

“…Asthma is a disorder characterized by a predominance of Th2 cells and eosinophilic inflammation. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins act as negative regulators of cytokine signaling. …”
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Upregulation of TCPTP in Macrophages Is Involved in IL-35 Mediated Attenuation of Experimental Colitis by Baoren Zhang, Chenglu Sun, Yanglin Zhu, Hong Qin, Dejun Kong, Jingyi Zhang, Bo Shao, Xiang Li, Shaohua Ren, Hongda Wang, Jingpeng Hao, Hao Wang

“…Interleukin-35 (IL-35), as a cytokine with immunomodulatory function, has been shown to have therapeutic effects on UC, but its mechanism is not yet clear. …”
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Cortistatin-14 Exerts Neuroprotective Effect Against Microglial Activation, Blood-brain Barrier Disruption, and Cognitive Impairment in Sepsis-associated Encephalopathy by Qiang Wen, Qian Ding, Jinchao Wang, Yanhua Yin, Shangchen Xu, Yuanrong Ju, Hongsheng Ji, Bin Liu

“…Immunofluorescence was used to examine the morphology and infiltration of microglia. A multiplex cytokine bead array assay was used to determine cytokine and chemokine levels in mouse serum and brain tissues. …”
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Brain-Gut Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanisms of Anorexia in Animal Models of Experimental Colitis by Harvey P Weingarten

“…Understanding how the inflammation-related signals in the periphery are communicated to the central nervous system and activate cytokine production in the brain remains an enormous challenge. …”
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Specific immune response to M. tuberculosis and ability to in vitro control mycobacterial replication are not impaired in subjects with immune-mediated inflammatory disease and tub... by Chiara Farroni, Anna Maria Gerarda Altera, Andrea Salmi, Valentina Vanini, Valentina Vanini, Gilda Cuzzi, Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn, Alessandro Sette, Giovanni Delogu, Giovanni Delogu, Ivana Palucci, Settimia Sbarra, Alessandra Aiello, Andrea Picchianti-Diamanti, Gina Gualano, Fabrizio Palmieri, Delia Goletti, Elisa Petruccioli

“…By flow-cytometry, we identified the Mtb-specific CD4+ T cells as cytokine-producing T cells or as CD25+ CD134+ CD4+ T cells. …”
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Regulation of nuclear factor-κB in intestinal epithelial cells in a cell model of inflammation by Fadia R. Homaidan, Iman Chakroun, Marwan E. El-sabban

“…Background: Interleukin-1 (IL-1), an inflammatory cytokine whose levels are elevated in inflamed mucosa, causes part of its effect on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) through inducing ceramide production.…”
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Glycyrrhizin attenuates renal inflammation in a mouse Con A-hepatitis model via the IL-25/M2 axis by Lingyun Li, Yuanyue Zhang, Zhongyan Wang, Xiangyu Chen, Min Fang

“…IL-25 promoted the secretion of the inhibitory cytokine IL-10 by macrophages but inhibited the expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β by macrophages. …”
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Artemisia Leaf Extract in Mice with Contact Dermatitis In Vitro and In Vivo by Chanyong Yun, Youngchul Jung, Wonjoo Chun, Beodeul Yang, Junghyun Ryu, Chiyeon Lim, Jung-Hoon Kim, Hyungwoo Kim, Su-In Cho

“…The effects of ALE on histopathological changes and cytokine production in ear tissues were assessed in mice with CD induced by 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB). …”
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Synthesis, Characterization, and In Vivo Cytokinome Profile of IL-12-Loaded PLGA Nanospheres by Ryan A. Lacinski, Justin E. Markel, Jabeen Noore, Hillary G. Pratt, Brock A. Lindsey

“…When IL-12-NS was administered in vivo to female BALB/c mice through retroorbital injection, IL-12-NS produced a favorable systemic cytokine profile for tumoricidal activity within the peripheral blood. …”
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Anti-HMGB1 Neutralizing Antibody Ameliorates Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation by Suppressing Dendritic Cell-Mediated Th17 Polarization by Fang Zhang, Gang Huang, Bo Hu, Li-Ping Fang, E-Hong Cao, Xiao-Feng Xin, Yong Song, Yi Shi

“…First, our in vitro studies reveal that recombinant HMGB1 (rHMGB1) activates myeloid DCs to produce IL-23 in vitro, and rHMGB1-activated DCs prime naïve lymphocytes to produce the Th17 cytokine IL-17A. Second, we demonstrate that anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody attenuates HMGB1 expression, neutrophilic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and Th17-related cytokine secretion in vivo by using a murine model of neutrophilic asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). …”
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