Understanding the potential impact of trimester-specific maternal immune activation due to SARS-CoV-2 on early human neurodevelopment and the role of cytokine balance by Alexandre Díaz-Pons, Sergio Castaño-Castaño, Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz, Ángel Yorca-Ruiz, Carlos Martínez-Asensi, Eva Munarriz-Cuezva, Rosa Ayesa-Arriola

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Tumour Cell Lines HT-29 and FaDu Produce Proinflammatory Cytokines and Activate Neutrophils In Vitro: Possible Applications for Neutrophil-Based Antitumour Treatment by Antonio Brú, Juan-Carlos Souto, Sonia Alcolea, Rosa Antón, Angel Remacha, Mercedes Camacho, Marta Soler, Isabel Brú, Amelia Porres, Luis Vila

“…In addition, FaDu-conditioning-medium strongly induced the production of proinflammatory cytokines by microvascular-EC. These results support the idea that tumour cells might normally induce a potent acute inflammatory response, leading to their own destruction.…”
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Does Toxoplasma gondii Infection Affect the Levels of IgE and Cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-alpha)? by Joanna Matowicka-Karna, Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska, Halina Kemona

“…The study has revealed that that patients infected with T. gondii show increased production of the humoral response cytokines, whereas the generation of the cell response cytokines remains unchanged.…”
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Inhibition of miR-652-3p Regulates Lipid Metabolism and Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion of Macrophages to Alleviate Atherosclerosis by Improving TP53 Expression by Haiyun Liu, Changpeng Zuo, Lijuan Cao, Naiquan Yang, Tingbo Jiang

“…The aim was to elucidate the regulatory function of miR-652-3p on lipid metabolism and inflammatory cytokine secretion of macrophages in atherosclerosis. …”
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Progression of Luminal Breast Tumors Is Promoted by Ménage à Trois between the Inflammatory Cytokine TNFα and the Hormonal and Growth-Supporting Arms of the Tumor Microenvironment by Polina Weitzenfeld, Nurit Meron, Tal Leibovich-Rivkin, Tsipi Meshel, Adit Ben-Baruch

“…The impacts of the inflammatory cytokine TNFα on breast malignancy are not fully substantiated, and they may be affected by cooperativity between TNFα and other protumoral mediators. …”
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Type 2 Cytokine–Dependent Skin Barrier Regulation in Personalized 2-Dimensional and 3-Dimensional Skin Models of Atopic Dermatitis: A Pilot Study by Hila Emmert, Franziska Rademacher, Matthias Hübenthal, Regine Gläser, Hanne Norsgaard, Stephan Weidinger, Jürgen Harder

“…Keratinocytes (KCs) from healthy donors stimulated with type 2 cytokines are often used to experimentally study atopic dermatitis (AD) inflammatory responses. …”
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Immunological mechanisms of tuberculosis susceptibility in TB-infected individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from mycobacterial growth inhibition assay and cytokine analysis by Bindu Dasan, Anuradha Rajamanickam, Arul Nancy Pandiarajan, Sivakumar Shanmugam, Sujatha Nott, Subash Babu

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The Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine, Interleukin-10, Inhibits Inflammatory Mediators in Human Epithelial Cells and Mouse Macrophages Exposed to Live and UV-Inactivated Chlamydia trachomatis by Abebayehu N. Yilma, Shree R. Singh, Stacie J. Fairley, Murtada A. Taha, Vida A. Dennis

“…Similarly, IL-10 diminished cytokine levels as produced by macrophages exposed to UV-inactivated Chlamydia, suggesting the IL-10-mediated inhibition of cytokines is not restricted to live organisms. …”
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Alleviating symptoms of paediatric acute rhinosinusitis and acute otitis media with otorrhea using nasal-spraying Bacillus probiotics: a randomized controlled trial by Thanh Huu Khieu, Dung Phuong Le, Binh Thanh Nguyen, Binh Thanh Ngo, Hong Thi Chu, Duc Minh Truong, Hung Minh Nguyen, Anh Hoa Nguyen, Tung Dinh Pham, Anh Thi Van Nguyen

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Oxidative Stress and the NLRP3 Inflammasome: Focus on Female Fertility and Reproductive Health by Efthalia Moustakli, Sofoklis Stavros, Periklis Katopodis, Charikleia Skentou, Anastasios Potiris, Periklis Panagopoulos, Ekaterini Domali, Ioannis Arkoulis, Theodoros Karampitsakos, Eleftheria Sarafi, Theologos M. Michaelidis, Athanasios Zachariou, Athanasios Zikopoulos

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A stretchable human lung‐on‐chip model of alveolar inflammation for evaluating anti‐inflammatory drug response by Clémentine Richter, Lorenz Latta, Daria Harig, Patrick Carius, Janick D. Stucki, Nina Hobi, Andreas Hugi, Paul Schumacher, Tobias Krebs, Alexander Gamrekeli, Felix Stöckle, Klaus Urbschat, Galia Montalvo, Franziska Lautenschläger, Brigitta Loretz, Alberto Hidalgo, Nicole Schneider‐Daum, Claus‐Michael Lehr

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Engineering a tumor-selective prodrug T-cell engager bispecific antibody for safer immunotherapy by Amelia C. McCue, Stephen J. Demarest, Karen J. Froning, Michael J. Hickey, Stephen Antonysamy, Brian Kuhlman

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Golgi protein 73: the driver of inflammation in the immune and tumor microenvironment by Pingping Feng, Pingping Feng, Xinyang Hu, Xinyang Hu, Sining Zhou, Xianyong Liu, Linghui Zeng, Yiming Liu, Yiming Liu, Yiming Liu, Yiming Liu

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Crude Drugs for Clearing Heat Contain Compounds Exhibiting Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Interleukin-1β-Treated Rat Hepatocytes by Airi Fujii, Saki Onishi, Nodoka Watanabe, Mizuki Kajimura, Kentaro Ito, Keita Minamisaka, Yuto Nishidono, Saki Shirako, Yukinobu Ikeya, Mikio Nishizawa

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Beta-Defensin-2 and Beta-Defensin-3 Reduce Intestinal Damage Caused by Salmonella typhimurium Modulating the Expression of Cytokines and Enhancing the Probiotic Activity of Enterococcus faecium by Alessandra Fusco, Vittoria Savio, Marcella Cammarota, Alberto Alfano, Chiara Schiraldi, Giovanna Donnarumma

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Evaluation of selected circulating cytokines from the IL-6 family – interleukin 6, oncostatin M, and cardiotrophin-1 – in gastro-entero-pancreatic and bronchial neuroendocrine tumours by Janusz Strzelczyk, Ksenia Janas, Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk, Elżbieta Chełmecka, Dariusz Kajdaniuk, Beata Kos-Kudła

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How do serum cytokine levels change in myocarditis and inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy relative to healthy individuals?... by Romuald Wojnicz, Piotr Lewandowski, Maciej Baron, Marcin A Rojek, Marcin Goławski, Karol Krystek, Magdalena Żegleń, Pascal Zytkiewicz, Jakub Kancerek, Klaudia Gabriela Lis, Jakub Warecki, Jakub Kufel, Kamila Kuśpiel

“…Irrespective of the factors responsible for this disease, cytokines play an important role in regulating the immunological response involved in its development and progression. …”
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Suppression of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Mediators in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages by Stem Extract of Alternanthera sessilis via the Inhibition of the NF-κB Pathway by Katyakyini Muniandy, Sivapragasam Gothai, Khaleel M. H. Badran, S. Suresh Kumar, Norhaizan Mohd Esa, Palanisamy Arulselvan

“…In line with that, in this present study, we attempted to study the suppression activity of the proinflammatory cytokines and mediators as a characteristic of anti-inflammatory action, by using stem extract of A. sessilis in the lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. …”
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Ultrasound May Suppress Tumor Growth, Inhibit Inflammation, and Establish Tolerogenesis by Remodeling Innatome via Pathways of ROS, Immune Checkpoints, Cytokines, and Trained Immunity/Tolerance by Qian Yang, Ruijing Zhang, Peng Tang, Yu Sun, Candice Johnson, Jason Saredy, Susu Wu, Jiwei Wang, Yifan Lu, Fatma Saaoud, Ying Shao, Charles Drummer, Keman Xu, Daohai Yu, Rongshan Li, Shuping Ge, Xiaohua Jiang, Hong Wang, Xiaofeng Yang

“…We made the following findings: (1) LIUS upregulates proinflammatory IGs and downregulates metastasis genes in cancer cells, and LIUS upregulates adaptive immunity pathways but inhibits danger-sensing and inflammation pathways and promote tolerogenic differentiation in bone marrow (BM) cells. (2) LIUS upregulates IGs encoded for proteins localized in the cytoplasm, extracellular space, and others, but downregulates IG proteins localized in nuclear and plasma membranes, and LIUS downregulates phosphatases. (3) LIUS-modulated IGs act partially via several important pathways of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reverse signaling of immune checkpoint receptors B7-H4 and BTNL2, inflammatory cytokines, and static or oscillatory shear stress and heat generation, among which ROS is a dominant mechanism. (4) LIUS upregulates trained immunity enzymes in lymphoma cells and downregulates trained immunity enzymes and presumably establishes trained tolerance in BM cells. (5) LIUS modulates chromatin long-range interactions to differentially regulate IGs expression in cancer cells and noncancer cells. …”
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The effects of Lepidium meyenii on MSG-induced subfertility in male Wistar rats: Targeting oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, steroidogenic enzymes, and reproductive hormones regulation by Temidayo S. Omolaoye, Surendra Singh Rawat, Naglaa Gamil Shehab, Eslam El Nebrisi, Stefan S. Du Plessis

“…Treatment with Maca significantly improved sperm motility, possibly by enhancing TAC levels and reducing proinflammatory cytokines. However, this hypothesis needs further investigation.…”
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