Differential gene expression during recall of behaviorally conditioned immune enhancement in rats: a pilot study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations] by Marcus Picard-Mareau, Markus Rueckels

“…Data obtained from spleen showed a strong upregulation of immunomodulatory genes, chemo-/cytokines and glutamatergic/cholinergic neurotransmission related genes, as also confirmed by increased chemokine and ACTH levels in plasma. …”
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Adenosine-Induced NLRP11 in B Lymphoblasts Suppresses Human CD4+ T Helper Cell Responses by Irem Ozel, Ilgin Akkaya, Ece Oylumlu, Goksu Uzel, Ceren Ciraci

“…Furthermore, cocultures of NLRP11-expressing Burkitt’s lymphoma cells and naïve human peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes had reduced IFN-γ and IL-17A production, whereas IL-13 and IL-10 cytokines did not change. Interestingly, IFN-γ and IL-17A were recovered after transfection of Burkitt’s lymphoma cells with siRNAs targeting NLRP11. …”
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Extracellular Cardiolipin Modulates Select Immune Functions of Astrocytes in Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 4-Dependent Manner by Taryn E. Murray, Tyler J. Wenzel, Svetlana Simtchouk, Bridget K. Greuel, Julien Gibon, Andis Klegeris

“…Therefore, we hypothesized that extracellular CL (1) modulates the secretion of cytokines and cytotoxins by astrocytes, as well as their phagocytic activity, and (2) acts by interacting with astrocyte TLR 4. …”
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Genistein Protects against Spinal Cord Injury in Mice by Inhibiting Neuroinflammation via TLR4-Mediated Microglial Polarization by Xin-Wu Li, Peng Wu, Jian Yao, Kai Zhang, Gen-Yang Jin

“…It also reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8) in the SCI area of SCI mice. …”
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Host-pathogen interaction in invasive Salmonellosis. by Hanna K de Jong, Chris M Parry, Tom van der Poll, W Joost Wiersinga

“…The interaction of Salmonella pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) leads to inflammasome formation, activation, and recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, most notably interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon-gamma (IFN)-γ. …”
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CircTRRAP Knockdown Has Cardioprotective Function in Cardiomyocytes via the Signal Regulation of miR-370-3p/PAWR Axis by Yuan Zhang, Zhenggong Li, Jiao Wang, Hao Chen, Rui He, Hongkun Wu

“…Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine the release of inflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress was assessed by the commercial kits. …”
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Exploring the functional and immune landscape of E-β thalassemia patients through RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by Nibedita Mitra, Prosanto Chowdhury, Anupam Basu

“…Severe thalassemia patients also exhibited higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis showed increased expression of the ABO gene in severe thalassemia patients, which may contribute to heightened immune reactions and an increased need for blood transfusions. …”
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The Roles of Autophagy, Mitophagy, and the Akt/mTOR Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps by Chen Wang, Min-Li Zhou, Yong-Cai Liu, Ke-Jia Cheng

“…Levels of eosinophilic inflammation-related cytokines in nasal tissues were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. …”
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SUBCUTANEOUS ADIPOSE TISSUE IN FEMALE PATIENTS WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND OBESE WOMEN DOES NOT DIFFER IN THE EXPRESSION OF IKBΑ* by V.M. Nedoborenko, O.А. Shlykova, O.V. Izmailova, K.E. Ishcheikin, I.P. Kaidashev

“…Its expression increases with elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as a result of which the concentration of iron in the blood plasma decreases, which reliably results in the activation of NF-kB. …”
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Correlations of inflammatory processes caused by cerebral stroke with the outcome of the disease by A. Vaitkus, J. Valinčiūtė, S. Gylytė

“…Therapeutic approaches that enhance pro-inflammatory cytokines and the immune system may be useful in preventing cognitive dysfunction, particularly after stroke. …”
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Nanoparticles containing intracellular proteins modulate neutrophil functional and phenotypic heterogeneity by Leonore Raudszus, Farbod Bahreini, Susanne Allan, Kai-Uwe Kalies, Charles C. Caldwell, Kathrin Kalies

“…For example, neutrophils regulate ongoing inflammation by modulating macrophage function through efferocytosis, T cell responses by antigen presentation and the release of cytokines. The factors that induce neutrophil differentiation into activating or regulatory phenotypes remain poorly defined. …”
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Exploring Inflammatory Changes in the Peripheral Blood of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in China by Li D, Zhang Z, Li W, Zhao C, Li X, Pan Z, Li Y

“…Flow cytometry was used to analyse the immune cells and cytokines in the peripheral blood. CCK-8 assay was performed to detect the viability of THP-1 cell after treatment with 5 m&Mgr; or 50 m&Mgr; glucose. …”
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Role of Toll-like receptor 2 during infection of Leptospira spp: A systematic review. by Chamila Kappagoda, Indika Senavirathna, Thilini Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika Agampodi

“…Notably, we observed the secretion/mRNA expression of several cytokines (IL6, IL8, IL-1β, TNFα, IFNγ, IL10, CCL2/MCP-1, CCL10, COX2, CXCL1/KC, CXCL2/MIP2) and immune effectors (hBD2, iNOS, Fibronectin, Oxygen, and Nitrogen reactive species) as key aspects of host TLR2 responses during leptospirosis. …”
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Microbial dysbiosis in periodontitis and peri-implantitis: pathogenesis, immune responses, and therapeutic by Ziwei Cui, Peng Wang, Weiyue Gao

“…Regional immunity of periodontium involving neutrophils, T helper cells-17, and immune-related cytokines is crucial for maintaining periodontal homeostasis and responding to microbial imbalances. …”
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Immunomodulatory effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens and MRSA antigens on immune response by Entidhar A. Hadi, Mohammad Abd-Kadhum Al-Saadi, Kaiser N. Madlum

“…Conclusion: Immune response represented by regulatory cytokines against MRSA is significantly induced by somatic antigens.…”
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Exploring the Therapeutic Landscape: A Narrative Review on Topical and Oral Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors in Dermatology by Elena Carmona-Rocha, Lluís Rusiñol, Lluís Puig

“…Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) is involved in the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines that mediate several chronic inflammatory disorders, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. …”
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Male infertility along with the era of coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 by N. G. Kulchenko, N. K. Druzhinina, G. I. Myandina

“…Furthermore, a pronounced inflammatory reaction promotes the circulation of a large number of cytokines and damage to the hemato-testicular barrier. …”
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The Rise of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and the Role of Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Management of Infections by Keneth Iceland, Kasozi

“…Convalescent plasma is rich with cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-8), CCL2, and TNFα, neutralizing antibodies, and clotting factors essential for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. …”
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Utilization of edible poultry slaughter residues: A chicken-liver hydrolysate with glucose-lowering ability and upregulating glycogenesis in type II diabetes by Yi-Ling Lin, Yu-Pei Chen, Sheng-Yao Wang, Yi-Feng Kao, Chompunut Lumsangkul, Yi-Chen Chen

“…Additionally, CLH ameliorated (p<0.05) decreased hindlimb-gastrocnemius weight, and liver lipid contents, oxidative stress (sera and liver) and inflammatory cytokines. Increased glycogen accumulation was visualized in PAS-stained liver and hindlimb tissues of db/db mice supplemented with CLHs, consistent with upregulated glycogenesis in TNF-α-induced liver and muscle cells through the IRβ-Akt-GSK3 pathway. …”
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Network of Mediators for Vascular Inflammation and Leakage Is Dysbalanced during Cytoreductive Surgery for Late-Stage Ovarian Cancer by Sven Klaschik, Jennifer Gehlen, Claudia Neumann, Mignon-Denise Keyver-Paik, Martin Soehle, Stilla Frede, Markus Velten, Andreas Hoeft, Tobias Hilbert

“…The proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2 were significantly elevated after 24 hrs compared to the baseline values, with IL-6 and IL-8 being most prominently increased. …”
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