Novel prophylactic and therapeutic multi-epitope vaccine based on Ag85A, Ag85B, ESAT-6, and CFP-10 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an immunoinformatics approach by Muhammad Fikri Nugraha, Daniel Alexander Changestu, Rizky Ramadhan, Tasya Salsabila, Arsila Nurizati, Sari Eka Pratiwi, Ysrafil Ysrafil

“…In silico immune simulation predicted strong T cell (cytokine release) and B cell (immunoglobulin release) responses. …”
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pDC Activation by TLR7/8 Ligand CL097 Compared to TLR7 Ligand IMQ or TLR9 Ligand CpG by Jing Wu, Shuang Li, Tete Li, Xinping Lv, Mingyou Zhang, Guoxia Zang, Chong Qi, Yong-Jun Liu, Liang Xu, Jingtao Chen

“…TLR7, TLR7/8, and TLR9 ligands similarly modulated cytokine release, as well as protein expression of pDC markers, costimulatory molecules, and cytotoxic molecules. …”
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Activation of glial cells induces proinflammatory properties in brain capillary endothelial cells in vitro by Annette Burkhart, Steinunn Sara Helgudóttir, Yahye A. Mahamed, Mikkel B. Fruergaard, Julie N. Holm-Jacobsen, Hulda Haraldsdóttir, Sara E. Dahl, Freja Pretzmann, Lisa Greve Routhe, Kate Lambertsen, Torben Moos, Maj Schneider Thomsen

“…Stimulation of MGCs significantly upregulated mRNA expression and secretion of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Co-culturing mBECs with pre-stimulated MGCs significantly affected the barrier integrity of mBECs similar to direct stimulation with LPS. …”
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miR-223-3p Inhibits Antigen Endocytosis and Presentation and Promotes the Tolerogenic Potential of Dendritic Cells through Targeting Mannose Receptor Signaling and Rhob by Hao-Cheng Tang, Yin-Yan Lai, Jing Zheng, Hong-Yan Jiang, Geng Xu

“…BMDCs were transfected with the miR-223-3p mimic or inhibitor. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. CD4+ T cell differentiation was determined by mixed lymphocyte culture assay. …”
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Low-Dose Irradiation Differentially Impacts Macrophage Phenotype in Dependence of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes and Radiation Dose by Lisa Deloch, Jana Fuchs, Michael Rückert, Rainer Fietkau, Benjamin Frey, Udo S. Gaipl

“…LD-RT had no impact on cytokine-mediated macrophage polarization in M0, M1, or M2 macrophages. …”
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DHX15 and Rig-I Coordinate Apoptosis and Innate Immune Signaling by Antiviral RNase L by Barkha Ramnani, Trupti Devale, Praveen Manivannan, Aiswarya Haridas, Krishnamurthy Malathi

“…RL RNAs induced the transcription of genes for IFN and proinflammatory cytokines by interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) and nuclear factor kB (NF-kB), while cells lacking both DHX15 and Rig-I showed a reduced induction of cytokines. …”
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Small spheroids for head and neck cartilage tissue engineering by Sven Reutter, Johann Kern, Yvonne Jakob, Nicole Rotter, David Gvaramia

“…Cytokines differentially influenced spheroid growth, and ECM structure and composition. …”
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Potential therapeutic approaches of microRNAs for COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities by Alieh Farshbaf, Nooshin Mohtasham, Reza Zare, Farnaz Mohajertehran, Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee

“…This infection affects respiratory system and provides uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response as cytokine storm. The main concern about SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is high viral pathogenicity with no specific drugs. …”
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The Potential of Ethanol Extract of Aleurites Moluccanus Leaves as TNF-α Inhibitor in Oral Incision Wound Care Model by Elfi Zahara, . Darmawi, Ummu Balqis, Cut Soraya

“…The anti-inflammatory effect of certain active compounds can reduce the regulation of specific cytokines, thereby inhibiting inflammation. These findings suggest that the active compounds in the ethanol extract of candlenut leaves have the potential to inhibit TNF-α, a key of pro-inflammatory cytokine, through significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.   …”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Display Impaired Function in Inhibiting Th17 Cells by Yue Sun, Wei Deng, Linyu Geng, Lu Zhang, Rui Liu, Weiwei Chen, Genhong Yao, Huayong Zhang, Xuebing Feng, Xiang Gao, Lingyun Sun

“…No significant differences were observed in cytokine profiles between RA and control MSCs. The effects of RA MSCs on proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and distribution of specific CD4+ T cell subtypes (Th17, Treg, and Tfh cells) were investigated. …”
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Differences in cNOS/iNOS Activity during Resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in 5-Lipoxygenase Knockout Mice by Carolina Panis, Vanessa Jacob Victorino, Vera Lúcia Hideko Tatakihara, Rubens Cecchini, Luiz Vicente Rizzo, Lucy Megumi Yamauchi, Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta, Marli Cardoso Martins-Pinge, Phileno Pinge-Filho

“…We used infected 5-lipoxygenase-deficient mice (5-LO−/−) to explore the participation of nitric oxide synthase isoforms, inducible (iNOS) and constitutive (cNOS), in heart injury, cytokine profile, and oxidative stress during the early stage of T. cruzi infection. …”
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Long-term impact of adherence to muscle-strengthening guidelines on inflammation markers: a 17-year follow-up study with obesity parameters as mediators by Antonio García-Hermoso, Yasmin Ezzatvar, José Francisco López-Gil, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Jorge Olivares-Arancibia, Jacqueline Páez-Herrera

“…Venous blood samples were collected at participants’ homes to measure high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and various cytokine concentrations, including interleukin (IL)−6, IL-1beta, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). …”
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Interleukin-18 Expression Increases in the Aorta and Plasma of Patients with Acute Aortic Dissection by Haiying Hu, Guangtai Zhang, Huanli Hu, Wenjing Liu, Jixiang Liu, Shuanli Xin, Xiufeng Zhao, Liying Han, Liping Duan, Xinshun Huang, Chao Chang

“…Interleukin- (IL-) 18 is a proinflammatory cytokine related to cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and atherosclerosis. …”
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Genome-wide selection signatures address trait specific candidate genes in cattle indigenous to arid regions of India by Nidhi Sukhija, Anoop Anand Malik, Joel M. Devadasan, Aishwarya Dash, Kangabam Bidyalaxmi, D. Ravi Kumar, M. Kousalaya Devi, Anjali Choudhary, K. K. Kanaka, Rekha Sharma, Shashi Bhushan Tripathi, Saket Kumar Niranjan, Jayakumar Sivalingam, Archana Verma

“…Gene pathway analysis revealed genes in insulin/IGF pathway for milk production, gonadotropin releasing hormone pathway for reproduction, Wnt signalling pathway and chemokine and cytokine signalling pathway for adaptation. This is the first study where selection signatures are identified using ddRAD-seq in indicine cattle breeds. …”
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Laboratory Predictors of COVID-19 Mortality: A Retrospective Analysis from Tongji Hospital in Wuhan by Ting Zheng, Xinxin Liu, Yingying Wei, Xinlu Li, Bing Zheng, Quan Gong, Lingli Dong, Jixin Zhong

“…The serum level of uric acid (UA) was positively associated with ferritin, TNF-α, and IL-6 but not with anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. In addition, the levels of these proinflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients showed a trend of reduction after uric acid lowering therapy. …”
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Mitigation of doxorubicin-induced liver toxicity in mice breast cancer model by green tea and Moringa oleifera combination: Targeting apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress by Abdulrahman H. Laftah, Nawfal Alhelfi, Sadeq K. Al Salait, Ammar B. Altemimi, Mohammad Reza Tabandeh, Efstathia Tsakali, Jan F.M. Van Impe, Ahmed A. Abd El-Maksoud, Tarek Gamal Abedelmaksoud

“…Additionally, the herbal treatment lowered pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and regulated apoptosis-related gene expression, lowering BAX and increasing BCL2, promoting cell survival, and reducing inflammation. …”
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An adenoviral vector encoding an inflammation-inducible antagonist, HMGB1 Box A, as a novel therapeutic approach to inflammatory diseases by Kari Ann Shirey, John Joseph, Lynda Coughlan, Haye Nijhuis, Alan W. Varley, Jorge C. G. Blanco, Stefanie N. Vogel

“…ABSTRACT Influenza, as well as other respiratory viruses, can trigger local and systemic inflammation resulting in an overall “cytokine storm” that produces serious outcomes such as acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). …”
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Regulation of IL-33 by Oncostatin M in Mouse Lung Epithelial Cells by Carl D. Richards, Laura Izakelian, Anisha Dubey, Grace Zhang, Steven Wong, Karen Kwofie, Aatif Qureshi, Fernando Botelho

“…Although IL-33 expression can be altered upon NF-Kappa B activation, here we examine regulation by Oncostatin M, a gp130 cytokine family member, in mouse lung tissue. Responses were assessed in BALB/c mouse lung at day 7 of transient overexpression using endotracheally administered adenovirus encoding OSM (AdOSM) or empty vector (AdDel70). …”
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Monitoring of immune activation using biochemical changes in a porcine model of cardiac arrest by Anton Amann, Bernhard Widner, Josef Rieder, Herwig Antretter, Georg Hoffmann, Viktoria Mayr, Hans-Ulrich Strohmenger, Dietmar Fuchs

“…In animal models, immune activation is often difficult to assess because of the limited availability of specific assays to detect cytokine activities. In human monocytes/macrophages, interferon-γ induces increased production of neopterin and an enhanced activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, which degrades tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway. …”
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Increased Serum Interleukin-2 Levels Are Associated with Abnormal Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cell Levels in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis by Baochen Li, Qiaoling Guo, Yanyan Wang, Rui Su, Chong Gao, Jinfang Zhao, Xiaofeng Li, Caihong Wang

“…To investigate the relationship between serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and disease activity, absolute numbers of peripheral lymphocyte subsets, autoantibodies, and associated cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). …”
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