Origins and conservation of topological polarization defects in resonant photonic-crystal diffraction by Yin Xuefan, Inoue Takuya, Peng Chao, Noda Susumu

“…Unlike Bloch states, the polarization defects live and evolve in an unbound momentum space, obeying a local conservation law as a direct consequence of Stokes’ theorem, but the total charge number is countless.…”
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A Nonstandard Dynamically Consistent Numerical Scheme Applied to Obesity Dynamics by Rafael J. Villanueva, Abraham J. Arenas, Gilberto González-Parra

“…Since the total population in this mathematical model is assumed constant, the proposed scheme has been constructed to satisfy the associated conservation law and positivity condition. Numerical comparisons between the competitive nonstandard scheme developed here and Euler's method show the effectiveness of the proposed nonstandard numerical scheme. …”
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A Bayesian Network Model for Origin-Destination Matrices Estimation Using Prior and Some Observed Link Flows by Lin Cheng, Senlai Zhu, Zhaoming Chu, Jingxu Cheng

“…Under normal distribution assumption, the proposed Bayesian network model considers the level of total traffic flow, the variability of link flows, and the violation of the traffic flow conservation law. Both the point estimation and the corresponding probability intervals can be provided by this model. …”
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Dynamical constraints on pseudo-gauge transformations by Zbigniew Drogosz, Wojciech Florkowski, Mykhailo Hontarenko, Radoslaw Ryblewski

“…For pseudo-gauge transformations connecting two symmetric energy-momentum tensors, we find that the super-potential Φλμν must obey a conservation law of the form ∂λΦλμν=0. This equation, referred to below as the STS condition, represents a constraint that is hardly possible to be satisfied for tensors constructed out of the basic hydrodynamic variables such as temperature, baryon chemical potential, and the hydrodynamic flow. …”
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The Supply Chain Triangle: How Synchronisation, Stability, and Productivity of Material Flows Interact by Florian Klug

“…A multistage, continuous material flow is modelled through a conservation law for material density. Unlike similar approaches, our model is not based on some quasi steady-state assumptions about the stochastic behaviour of the involved supply chain but rather on a simple deterministic rule for material flow density. …”
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Adaptive Neural Network Variable Structure Control for Liquid-Filled Spacecraft under Unknown Input Saturation by Hongwei Wang, Shufeng Lu, Xiaojuan Song

“…The liquid fuel is equivalent to a spherical pendulum model, and the coupled dynamic model of liquid-filled spacecraft is derived using the conservation law of angular momentum moment. Then, adaptive variable structure control technique is designed, which contains hyperbolic tangent function that preserves control smoothness at all times. …”
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Selection of Characteristic Particle Size of Drilling Cuttings Based on Adsorption-Desorption Properties: Experiment and Simulation by Shouye Ma

“…Based on Darcy’s law, Langmuir adsorption equation, and mass conservation law, the theoretical control equation of gas migration in coal particles was derived and solved by Open source Field Operation and Manipulation (OpenFOAM). …”
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New Findings by High-Order DNS for Late Flow Transition in a Boundary Layer by Chaoqun Liu, Lin Chen, Ping Lu

“…Following the first Helmholtz vortex conservation law, the primary vortex tube rolls up and is stretched due to the velocity gradient. …”
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Identifiability of mathematical models in medical biology by S. I. Kabanikhin, D. A. Voronov, A. A. Grodz, O. I. Krivorotko

“…Math modeling of dynamic processes is based on the use of the mass conservation law. While addressing the problem of estimation of the parameters characterizing the process under the study, the question of nonuniqueness arises. …”
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Polarization modes of gravitational waves in scalar-tensor-Rastall theory by Yu-Zhi Fan, Xiao-Bin Lai, Yu-Qi Dong, Yu-Xiao Liu

“…Abstract Rastall theory, originally introduced in 1972, suggests a violation of the usual conservation law. We consider two generalizations of Rastall theory: Brans–Dicke–Rastall theory and the newly established scalar-tensor-Rastall theory, the latter being a further generalization of the former. …”
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