Refined methodology for quantifying Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence using Galleria mellonella by Christopher M. R. Axline, Travis J. Kochan, Sophie Nozick, Timothy Ward, Tania Afzal, Issay Niki, Sumitra D. Mitra, Ethan VanGosen, Julia Nelson, Aliki Valdes, David Hynes, William Cheng, Joanne Lee, Prarthana Prashanth, Timothy L. Turner, Nathan B. Pincus, Marc H. Scheetz, Kelly E. R. Bachta, Alan R. Hauser

“…For some P. aeruginosa strains, as few as 1–5 colony-forming units are sufficient to kill G. mellonella, which poses challenges for determining LD50 values. …”
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Growth performance and gut health of Murrah buffalo calves fed with developed novel synbi- otic formulation by Antony J. Thanippilly, Sachin Kumar, Vinay V. Varada, Nitin Tyagi, Ashish K. Samanta

“…Microbiota enumeration of health-promoting (lactobacilli and bifidobacterial) and health-negative (coliform and clostridium) was enumerated by colony-forming method to assess gut health. Results indicated that inulin showed the highest (p<0.05) prebiotic index and prebiotic activity score by FOS, MOS, and dextrins; hence, inulin was chosen for synbiotic formulation with L. salivarius BF17. …”
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In vivo reduction of biofilm seeded on orthopaedic implants: safety and efficacy of portable electromagnetic induction heating by Enrique Cordero García-Galán, Marina Medel-Plaza, José J. Pozo-Kreilinger, Héctor Sarnago, Óscar Lucía, Alicia Rico-Nieto, Jaime Esteban, Enrique Gomez-Barrena

“…In rabbits implanted with infected screws, a significant bacterial load reduction with median 0.75 Log10 colony-forming units/ml was observed (p = 0.016). …”
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3-Hydroxyanthranic acid inhibits growth of oral squamous carcinoma cells through growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha by Guifang Gan, Xinxia Zhou, Qiaoping Zheng, Xianfu Gao, Xu Chen, Han Zhang, Jinghao Liu, Zhaopeng Shi, Fuxiang Chen

“…Materials and methods: The effects of 3-HAA on OSCC were examined using CCK-8, colony formation, EdU incorporation assays and xenograft mouse model. …”
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Pentavalent Antimonials Combined with Other Therapeutic Alternatives for the Treatment of Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review by Taisa Rocha Navasconi Berbert, Tatiane França Perles de Mello, Priscila Wolf Nassif, Camila Alves Mota, Aline Verzignassi Silveira, Giovana Chiqueto Duarte, Izabel Galhardo Demarchi, Sandra Mara Alessi Aristides, Maria Valdrinez Campana Lonardoni, Jorge Juarez Vieira Teixeira, Thaís Gomes Verziganassi Silveira

“…Sixteen articles were selected and the pentavalent antimonials were administered in combination with pentoxifylline, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, imiquimod, intralesional sodium stibogluconate, ketoconazole, silver-containing polyester dressing, lyophilized LEISH-F1 protein, cryotherapy, topical honey, and omeprazole. …”
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Deciphering the therapeutic effects of Xiyanping injection: insights into pulmonary and gut microbiome modulation, SerpinB2/PAI-2 targeting, and alleviation of influenza a virus-in... by Tengwen Liu, Shuping Li, Xuerui Wang, Mingjiang Liu, Yuchen Wang, Jie Ying, Shuwen Zhang, Yan Lin, Ning Wang, Yungjing Bai, Lan Xie, Tengfei Chen, Quansheng Feng, Xiaolong Xu

“…XYP injection down-regulated the activity of malondialdehyde, and the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-5, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-18, IL-15, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, IL-9, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-5, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5, while up-regulated the activities of glutathione peroxidase reactive and superoxide dismutase, and the level of interferon-γ. …”
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Methyltransferase DNMT3B promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting PLCG2 by Ji Yong, Wang Yang, Zou Jiacheng, Liu Guanghao, Xia Mingyu, Ren Jun, Wang Daorong

“…Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays are used to assess the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. …”
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a multi-antigenic adenovirus-based vaccine candidate against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Jin-Seung Yun, Jin-Seung Yun, Eunkyung Shin, Young-Ran Lee, Jung-Ah Lee, Hyeokjin Lee, Jong-Seok Kim, Sung Jae Shin, Sang-Jun Ha, Sang-Won Lee, Dokeun Kim, Jung-Sik Yoo, Hye-Sook Jeong

“…In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a multi-antigenic recombinant Ad5 vectored vaccine and determine the optimal immunization route for enhanced immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.MethodsWe constructed a multi-antigenic recombinant Ad5 vectored vaccine expressing four antigens (Ag85B-ESAT6-MPT64-Rv2660c) of M. tuberculosis (rAd-TB4), immunized with rAd-TB4 (5 × 107 infectious virus units/mouse) twice at an interval of 4 weeks starting at 10 weeks after BCG priming, and evaluated its boosting efficacy in a BCG-primed mouse model, and determined the optimal immunization route.ResultsCompared with the BCG-only (2 × 105 colony forming units/mouse), subcutaneous injection of rAd-TB4 (1 × 107 infectious virus units/mL; two doses) elicited a T-cell response and cytokine production in lung lymphocytes and splenocytes. rAd-TB4 immunization significantly reduced bacterial loads and inflamed lung areas compared to BCG immunization (p &lt; 0.01) and protected against the H37Rv challenge performed at 17 weeks of BCG priming. …”
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Comparison of Nasal Colonization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in HIV-Infected and Non-HIV Patients Attending the National Public Health Laboratory of Central Nepa... by Kalash Neupane, Binod Rayamajhee, Jyoti Acharya, Nisha Rijal, Dipendra Shrestha, Binod G C, Mahesh Raj Pant, Pradeep Kumar Shah

“…The isolates were identified on the basis of colony characteristics and a series of biochemical tests. …”
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Generation of novel oncolytic vaccinia virus with improved intravenous efficacy through protection against complement-mediated lysis and evasion of neutralization by vaccinia virus... by Dong-Sup Lee, Mi-Ju Park, Namhee Lee, Yun-Hui Jeon, Jiyoon Yoo, Suk-kyung Shin, Songyi Lee, Byung-Jin Jung, Yun-Kyoung Hong, Keunhee Oh

“…The SJ-600 series viruses also expressed human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to activate dendritic cells. …”
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Post-vaccination campaign evaluation of systemic and mucosal immunity of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine in Karachi, Pakistan (2020–2021): a cross-sectional studyResearch in cont... by Ali Faisal Saleem, Visalakshi Jeyaseelan, Zaubina Kazi, Mahjabeen Zehra, Muhammad Masroor Alam, Grace Macklin, Rocio Lopez Cavestany, Sajid Muhammad, Najeeb Rehman, Ondrej Mach

“…Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in four peri-urban sites (Cattle Colony, Ibrahim Hyderi, Ali Akber Shah, Rehri Goth) Karachi, Pakistan. …”
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Single-cell profiling of SLC family transporters: uncovering the role of SLC7A1 in osteosarcoma by Yan Liao, Junkai Chen, Hao Yao, Ting Zheng, Jian Tu, Weidong Chen, ZeHao Guo, Yutong Zou, Lili Wen, Xianbiao Xie

“…CCK8 assays, EdU staining, colony formation assays, Transwell assays, and co-culture systems were used to assess the effects of SLC7A1 on cell proliferation, metastasis, and macrophage polarization. …”
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Engineered GM-CSF polarizes protumorigenic tumor-associated macrophages to an antitumorigenic phenotype and potently synergizes with IL-12 immunotherapy by Yue Wang, Kevin Chang, Aslan Mansurov, Jun Ishihara, Seounghun Kang, Trevin Kurtanich, Hye Rin Chun, Anna J Slezak, Lisa R Volpatti, Thomas Wang, Aaron T Alpar, Kirsten C Refvik, O Isabella Hansen, Gustavo J Borjas, Brendan T K Berg, Ha-Na Shim, Kevin T Hultgren, Suzana Gomes, Ani Solanki, Melody A Swartz, Jeffrey A Hubbell

“…Therefore, the rational design of immune modulators that can control the immune suppressive properties of TAMs and polarize them, as well as dendritic cells (DCs), toward a more proinflammatory phenotype is a principal objective in cancer immunotherapy.Methods Here, using a protein engineering approach to enhance cytokine residence in the tumor microenvironment, we examined combined stimulation of the myeloid compartment via tumor stroma-binding granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to enhance responses in both DCs and T cells via stroma-binding interleukin-12 (IL-12). …”
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Effects of Bedaquiline on Antimicrobial Activity and Cytokine Secretion of Macrophages Infected with Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains by Xia-Li Lyu, Ting-Ting Lin, Jing-Tao Gao, Hong-Yan Jia, Chuan-Zhi Zhu, Zi-Hui Li, Jing Dong, Qi Sun, Wei Shu, Sai-Sai Wang, Li-Ping Pan, Hai-Rong Huang, Zong-De Zhang, Qi Li

“…Macrophages infected with MDR-MTBs or H37Rv received Bdq treatments (4 h/8 h/24 h/48 h) at 1 × the minimum inhibitory concentration (1 × MIC), 10 × MIC and 20 × MIC. Intracellular colony-forming units (CFUs) and culture supernatant IL-12/23 p40, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 were determined using the Luminex® 200TM system. …”
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Correlation analysis of DLG5 and PD-L1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer by Jingmin Che, Bo Chen, Xusheng Wang, Baoe Liu, Cuixiang Xu, Huxia Wang, Jingying Sun, Qing Feng, Xiangrong Zhao, Zhangjun Song

“…A combination of PD-L1 inhibitors and DLG5 RNA interference techniques was used, along with various methods including cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, wound healing, transwell migration, reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical staining (IHC), expression analysis from datasets and western blotting. …”
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Evaluation of the Sterile Insect Technique for the Control of the Melon Fly (<i>Bactrocera cucurbitae</i>) Under Laboratory and Semi-Field Conditions in Sri Lanka by Muditha Nawarathne, Lahiru Udayanga, Hasini Ekanayake, Bader Alhafi Alotaib, Ananda Pathirage, Nayana Siriwardena, Athula Jayarathne, Hassan Ammouneh, Mohamed M. M. Najim, Abou Traore, Tharaka Ranathunge

“…A <i>B. cucurbitae</i> colony was established and maintained under standard laboratory conditions. …”
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Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from soil under organic carrot farming by Maciej Nowak, Zbigniew Paluszak, Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke, Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda, Anna Budzyńska, Joanna Skonieczna-Kurpiel, Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska, Monika Huse-Kutowska, Krzysztof Skowron

“…The number of biofilm-isolated rods from the stainless steel surface was 6.37 to 7.10 log colony-forming unit (CFU)/cm2, while on polypropylene it was from 6.75 to 8.06 log CFU/cm2. …”
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Identification and validation of BATF as a prognostic biomarker and regulator of immune cell infiltration in acute myeloid leukemia by Zhe Zhao, Dongmei Wang, Dongmei Wang, Xue Sheng, Shuying Li, Tingting Liu, Mengyuan Chang, Lei Feng, Di Zhang, Chunyan Ji, Chunyan Ji, Fei Lu, Jingjing Ye

“…In the meantime, the prognostic value of BATF was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) analysis, and Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis. EdU, colony formation, and CCK-8 assays were employed to evaluate the proliferation of cells. …”
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Multiple action sites of ultrasound on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by Xinyu Liao, Jiao Li, Yuanjie Suo, Shiguo Chen, Xingqian Ye, Donghong Liu, Tian Ding

“…In this study, the action modes of ultrasound on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms were estimated. From colony results, ultrasound acted as an irreversible effect on both Eshcerichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus without sublethal injury. …”
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CAM/TMA-DPH as a promising alternative to SYTO9/PI for cell viability assessment in bacterial biofilms by Tinatini Tchatchiashvili, Tinatini Tchatchiashvili, Mateusz Jundzill, Mateusz Jundzill, Mike Marquet, Kamran A. Mirza, Kamran A. Mirza, Mathias W. Pletz, Mathias W. Pletz, Oliwia Makarewicz, Oliwia Makarewicz, Lara Thieme, Lara Thieme

“…Viability findings were compared with colony-forming units (CFU/mL), a standard microbial viability measure.ResultsCAM/TMA-DPH staining demonstrated strong positive correlations with CFU counts across all bacterial species (r = 0.59 - 0.91), accurately reflecting biofilm vitality. …”
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