Coexistence of Anti-GAD and Anti-GABAAR Antibodies in an Autoimmune Encephalitis Patient: A Case Report by Lu X, Wu H, Tan Y, Mao X

“…Coexistence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and anti-Gamma-aminobutyric acid-α-receptor (GABAAR) antibodies in AE was rare.Case Presentation: A 44-year-old female patient presented to our hospital due to cognitive decline for 4 years, seizures, slowed speech and depression for 2 months. …”
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Environmental Factors Promoting Neural Plasticity: Insights from Animal and Human Studies by Laura Mandolesi, Francesca Gelfo, Laura Serra, Simone Montuori, Arianna Polverino, Giuseppe Curcio, Giuseppe Sorrentino

“…Some individuals have a cognitive decline earlier and faster than others who are older in years but cerebrally younger. …”
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The Association between Hypertension and Dementia in the Elderly by Michiya Igase, Katsuhiko Kohara, Tetsuro Miki

“…Recent clinical trials and studies on animal models suggest that blockades of RAS system could have reduced cognitive decline seen in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. …”
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Investigating the Therapeutic Mechanisms of Total Saikosaponins in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Metabolomic and Proteomic Approach by Huiling Wei, Tianyi Du, Weiwei Zhang, Wei Ma, Yao Yao, Juan Li

“…<b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings suggest that TSS ameliorate cognitive decline through regulating neuroinflammatory pathways, cAMP and cGMP signaling, and synaptic plasticity pathways, providing insights into its therapeutic potential in AD.…”
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Leveraging transformer models to predict cognitive impairment: accuracy, efficiency, and interpretability by Kai Ma, Junzhi Zhang, Xinhang Huang, Mengyang Wang

“…Conclusion The enhanced Transformer model offers superior accuracy and efficiency in predicting cognitive decline compared to traditional models. Its capacity to process both continuous and categorical data and its interpretability through attention mechanisms make it a promising tool for early detection of neurodegenerative diseases, potentially improving clinical decision-making and interventions.…”
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Role of insulin-like growth factor-2 in Alzheimer’s disease induced memory impairment and underlying mechanisms by Ruiqi Chen, Xing Lu, Anqi Xiao, Junpeng Ma, Junpeng Ma

“…Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF2), which is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), has emerged as a crucial mechanism of synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, and many studies have indicated that this neurotrophic peptide is a viable candidate for treating and preventing AD-induced cognitive decline. An increase in IGF2 levels improves memory in healthy animals and alleviates several symptoms associated with neurodegenerative disorders. …”
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Relationship between social activities and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults: the mediating effect of depressive symptoms by Qianke Yang, Shichong Lin, Zhuyun Zhang, Shuhao Du, Dan Zhou

“…BackgroundThe differential impacts of various social activities on dementia prevention and the mediating role of depression in this relationship remain unclear.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the effects of different social activities on cognitive function, examine the mediating role of depression, and provide evidence for targeted interventions to prevent cognitive decline.MethodsUsing data from CHARLS, we employed RCS analysis and Structural Equation Modeling to examine the relationships between social activities, depression, and cognitive function in older adults.ResultsSocial activity participation is non-linearly inversely related to both cognitive impairment and depression risk. …”
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Association of Alzheimer’s and Lewy body disease pathology with basal forebrain volume and cognitive impairment by Julia Schumacher, Stefan Teipel, Alexander Storch

“…We aimed to investigate the relationship between basal forebrain and hippocampus atrophy, cognitive decline, and neuropathology in a large autopsy sample. …”
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A case report of fatal familial insomnia with cerebrospinal fluid leukocytosis during the COVID-19 epidemic and review of the literature by Zheng Wang, Yueqi Huang, Shuqi Wang, Jiefang Chen, Gesang Meiduo, Man Jin, Xiaoying Zhang

“…Clinical symptoms include psychobehavioral abnormality, cognitive decline, sleep disturbance, and autonomic dysfunction. …”
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Characteristics of Nonmotor Symptoms in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy by Ruwei Ou, Wei Song, Qianqian Wei, Ke Chen, Bei Cao, Yanbing Hou, Bi Zhao, Huifang Shang

“…Older PSP patients and late-onset patients are likely to be subjected to cognitive decline.…”
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Decline in Memory, Visuospatial Ability, and Crystalized Cognitive Abilities in Older Adults: Normative Aging or Terminal Decline? by R. Bendayan, A. M. Piccinin, S. M. Hofer, D. Cadar, B. Johansson, G. Muniz-Terrera

“…Results showed that the time to death model was the best option in analyses of change in all the cognitive measures considered (except for the Information Test). A significant cognitive decline over time was found for all variables. …”
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A case of mixed dementia with atypical presentation in a veteran by Sujan Poudel, Tejas Patel, Jhoanne Paras, Berdith Lebrun, Gerardo Ferrer, Prerana Upadhyaya, Nisha Panta, Syed Rizvi, Sultan Ahmed

“…This individual exhibit cognitive decline characterized by atypical symptoms, including fugue states, recurrent episodes of flight, and significant amnesia. …”
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Effects of a 12-Week Exercise Training Program on Physical Function in Institutionalized Frail Elderly by Cristiane Batisti Ferreira, Pâmela dos Santos Teixeira, Geiane Alves dos Santos, Athila Teles Dantas Maya, Paula Americano do Brasil, Vinícius Carolino Souza, Cláudio Córdova, Aparecido Pimentel Ferreira, Ricardo Moreno Lima, Otávio de Toledo Nóbrega

“…However, longevity is usually accompanied by problems such as the loss of functional capacity, cognitive decline, frailty syndrome, and deterioration in anthropometric parameters, particularly among those living in long-term care facilities. …”
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Exercise and exerkines: Mechanisms and roles in anti-aging and disease prevention by Xuan Lu, Ying Chen, Yue Shi, Yi Shi, Xianbin Su, Peijie Chen, Die Wu, Hui Shi

“…Aging is a complex biological process characterized by increased inflammation and susceptibility to various age-related diseases, including cognitive decline, osteoporosis, and type 2 diabetes. Exercise has been shown to modulate mitochondrial function, immune responses, and inflammatory pathways, thereby attenuating aging through the regulation of exerkines secreted by diverse tissues and organs. …”
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White Matter Lesion Assessment in Patients with Cognitive Impairment and Healthy Controls: Reliability Comparisons between Visual Rating, a Manual, and an Automatic Volumetrical MR... by Erik Olsson, Niklas Klasson, Josef Berge, Carl Eckerström, Åke Edman, Helge Malmgren, Anders Wallin

“…Age-related white matter lesions (WML) are a risk factor for stroke, cognitive decline, and dementia. Different requirements are imposed on methods for the assessment of WML in clinical settings and for research purposes, but reliability analysis is of major importance. …”
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Modulation of Second Messenger Signaling in the Brain Through PDE4 and PDE5 Inhibition: Therapeutic Implications for Neurological Disorders by Min Kyu Park, Hyun Wook Yang, Seo Young Woo, Dong Yeon Kim, Dae-Soon Son, Bo Young Choi, Sang Won Suh

“…Elevated PDE4 activity impairs synaptic plasticity by reducing cAMP levels and protein kinase A (PKA) activity, contributing to cognitive decline, acute brain injuries, and neuropsychiatric conditions such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. …”
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Seizure-Induced Regulations of Amyloid-β, STEP61, and STEP61 Substrates Involved in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity by Sung-Soo Jang, Sara E. Royston, Gunhee Lee, Shuwei Wang, Hee Jung Chung

“…Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Pathologic accumulation of soluble amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers impairs synaptic plasticity and causes epileptic seizures, both of which contribute to cognitive dysfunction in AD. …”
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Superficial Siderosis and Anticoagulation Therapy: Different Presentations, Different Outcomes by Rui Duarte Barreto, Luís Ruano, Vítor Tedim Cruz, Carlos Veira, Paula Coutinho

“…Two Caucasian women, both under long-term oral anticoagulation: a 74 year old woman with slowly progressive hearing loss and mild cerebellar ataxia; a 72 year old woman suffering from behavioural changes, rapidly progressive cognitive decline and latter developing paraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging showed striking hypointensities along the surfaces of cerebellum, brainstem, frontotemporal cortices, spinal cord, and lumbar arachnoid therefore suggesting superficial siderosis. …”
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Natural bioactive compounds form herbal medicine in Alzheimer’s disease: from the perspective of GSK-3β by Mei Wang, Wendi Huang, Juan Huang, Juan Huang, Yong Luo, Yong Luo, Nanqu Huang, Nanqu Huang

“…Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory loss. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) plays a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis, particularly in tau protein hyperphosphorylation. …”
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The Clock Drawing Task reveals executive dysfunction in the dialysis population – an underrecognized and underestimated problem by Piotr Olejnik, Aleksandra Golenia, Oliwia Maciejewska, Ewa Wojtaszek, Paweł Żebrowski, Jolanta Małyszko

“…Yet, it remains underdiagnosed, even though it may significantly influence the lives of patients.Materials and methods In this cross-sectional, prospective study, 58 dialysis patients with no cognitive decline on the MMSE screening were assessed for executive function impairment using the Executive Clock-Drawing Task (CLOX). …”
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