Heart rate variability is more sensitive to stress than heart rate in specialist police undergoing selection. by Colin Tomes, Ben Schram, Elisa Canetti, Robin Orr

“…HRV analysis may provide additional insights regarding candidate suitability, particularly during dynamic and multifaceted assessments, though the causal direction of the relationship between HRV and aerobic fitness remains unclear.…”
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The art of being healthy: a qualitative study to develop a thematic framework for understanding the relationship between health and the arts by Matthew Knuiman, Peter Wright, Michael Rosenberg, Christina R Davies

“…This framework expands on current knowledge, further defines the health–arts relationship and is a step towards the conceptualisation of a causal health–arts model.…”
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Programas de asistencia alimentaria e inseguridad alimentaria en los hogares mexicanos pobres con menores de edad by Silvia Tamez-González, Aurea Hazel Ruiz-García, César Iván Ayala-Guzmán, Luis Ortiz-Hernández

“…La variedad en la dieta fue menor en hogares de localidades rurales y cuando el jefe de familia tenía baja escolaridad.Limitaciones: La naturaleza transversal del estudio no permite establecer relaciones causales.Conclusiones: La experiencia de inseguridad alimentaria en los hogares no varía en función de la participación de programas de asistencia alimentaria, lo cual cuestiona la existencia de políticas focalizadas para el combate a la pobreza y plantea la necesidad de dirigir los esfuerzos a aumentar el acceso a empleos remunerativos para las clases en desventaja social y económica.…”
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Elecciones municipales complementarias en distritos post conflicto electoral en Perú by Manuel Valenzuela Marroquín, Cristhian Jaramillo Huamán, Mariuxy Bustos Ocampos

“…De acuerdo a la legislación electoral de este país, la declaración de nulidad de un proceso es competencia del Jurado Nacional de Elecciones (JNE) y se produce debido a dos causales. En el primer caso, once distritos tuvieron que repetir su proceso electoral debido a que el conteo de votos nulos y en blanco, sumado o separado, superaron los 2/3 del número de votos emitidos. …”
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Sample Size and Statistical Power Calculation in Genetic Association Studies by Eun Pyo Hong, Ji Wan Park

“…A sample size with sufficient statistical power is critical to the success of genetic association studies to detect causal genes of human complex diseases. Genome-wide association studies require much larger sample sizes to achieve an adequate statistical power. …”
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Leveraging Deep Spatiotemporal Sequence Prediction Network with Self-Attention for Ground-Based Cloud Dynamics Forecasting by Sheng Li, Min Wang, Minghang Shi, Jiafeng Wang, Ran Cao

“…Initially, a Cascaded Causal LSTM (CCLSTM) with a dual-memory group decoupling structure is designed to enhance the representation of short-term cloud changes. …”
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Empagliflozin Reverses Oxidized LDL-Induced RECK Suppression, Cardiotrophin-1 Expression, MMP Activation, and Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Bysani Chandrasekar, Srinivas Mummidi, Vincent G. DeMarco, Yusuke Higashi

“…Persistent oxidative stress and inflammation contribute causally to smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration, the characteristic features of vascular proliferative diseases. …”
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Dynamics of Higher Education for Accountants in Russia: Achievements, Problems and Prospects by T. Yu. Druzhilovskaya, E. S. Druzhilovskaya

“…The research purpose is to identify causal relationships that affect the dynamics of Russian accounting education. …”
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Network analyses of brain tumor multiomic data reveal pharmacological opportunities to alter cell state transitions by Brandon Bumbaca, Jonah R. Huggins, Marc R. Birtwistle, James M. Gallo

“…Combining the simulation results and the machine learning predictions, we generated hypotheses for clinically relevant causal mechanisms of cell state transitions. For example, the transcription factor TFAP2A can be seen to promote a transition from the NPC-like to the MES-like state. …”
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GDF-15 Is Associated with Poor Physical Function in Prefrail Older Adults with Diabetes by Reshma Aziz Merchant, Yiong Huak Chan, Gustavo Duque

“…The association of GDF-15 with DM-associated poor physical function is independent of inflammation in prefrail older adults. Its causal-association link needs to be determined in longitudinal studies.…”
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Patient stratification by genetic risk in Alzheimer's disease is only effective in the presence of phenotypic heterogeneity. by Jack Euesden, Muhammad Ali, Chloe Robins, Praveen Surendran, Padhraig Gormley, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), David Pulford, Carlos Cruchaga

“…In four cohorts (n = 7241), we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and Mendelian randomization (MR) to discover novel targets associated with progression and assess causal relationships. We tested opportunities for patient stratification by deriving polygenic risk scores (PRS) for AD risk and severity and tested the value of these scores in predicting progression. …”
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Fiscal Decentralisation and the Performance of Health Sector in Kabale District, Uganda. by Ali Khamis, Hashir

“…The design of the study was built on a causal relationship based on the results from some of the data collection tools which are questionnaires, oral interviews and observations of the researcher. …”
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Protocol for a prospective cohort study: Prevention of Transmissions by Effective Colonisation Tracking in Neonates (PROTECT-Neo) by Martin Wolkewitz, Roland Hentschel, Philipp Henneke, Daniel Jonas, Tim Götting, Sandra Reuter, Daniel Klotz, Simone Hock, Benjamin Blümel, Georg Häcker, Hajo Grundmann, Nico Mutters

“…It is the dual objective of the Prevention of Transmissions by Effective Colonisation Tracking-Neo study to determine the density of transmission events in a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to identify risk factors that may be causally associated with transmission events.Methods and analysis A full cohort of patients treated in a 17-bed level III NICU will be prospectively followed and transmission events between two or more patients will be documented. …”
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Association between diabetes mellitus and tinnitus: A meta-analysis by Shi Luo, Jianxue Wen, Qilong Bao, Haibo Ou, Shuting Yi, Peng Peng

“…Further research is warranted to explore underlying mechanisms and causal relationships. Nonetheless, the results underscore the importance of monitoring tinnitus in patients with diabetes. …”
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Behavioral flexibility is manipulable and it improves flexibility and innovativeness in a new context by Logan, Corina, Lukas, Dieter, Blaisdell, Aaron, Johnson-Ulrich, Zoe, MacPherson, Maggie, Seitz, Benjamin, Sevchik, August, McCune, Kelsey

“…Understanding how flexibility causally relates to other traits will allow researchers to develop robust theory about what flexibility is and when to invoke it as a primary driver in a given context, such as a rapid geographic range expansion. …”
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Alterations in fecal bacteriome virome interplay and microbiota-derived dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia by Shiwan Tao, Yulu Wu, Liling Xiao, Yunqi Huang, Han Wang, Yiguo Tang, Siyi Liu, Yunjia Liu, Qianshu Ma, Yubing Yin, Minhan Dai, Min Xie, Jia Cai, Zhengyang Zhao, Qiuyue Lv, Jiashuo Zhang, Mengting Zhang, Menghan Wei, Yang Chen, Mingli Li, Qiang Wang

“…The SMM model suggested potential causal chains between gut viruses and SCZ, indicating that the effect of gut virome on SCZ is significantly mediated by bacteriome and metabolites. …”
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Dietary inflammatory index and its associations with cardiovascular diseases and cancer: Evidence form NHANES 2017–2018 and Mendelian randomization analysis by Xuehua Wang, Qian Xu, Wenhu Liu, Jingjie Xiong, Han Li, Ni Xiong, Yan Wang, Zhaohui Wang

“…Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis externally validated hemoglobin's causal link to these diseases. Results: Patients with the highest quartile levels of DII scores demonstrated an elevated prevalence of congestive heart failure (CHF), stroke, overall cancer and some specific types of cancers. …”
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Obesity Is Associated with Early Onset of Gastrointestinal Cancers in California by Yen-Yi Juo, Melinda A. Maggard Gibbons, Erik Dutson, Anne Y. Lin, Jane Yanagawa, O. Joe Hines, Guido Eibl, Yijun Chen

“…Further research with prospective cohort data may be required to establish the causal relationship between obesity and cancer onset age.…”
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Transcriptional time-course analysis during ash dieback infection revealed different responses in tolerant and susceptible Fraxinus excelsior genotypes by Víctor Chano, Renata Callegari Ferrari, Tania Domínguez-Flores, Karuna Shrestha, Barbara Fussi, Hannes Seidel, Oliver Gailing, Katharina B. Budde

“…Abstract Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, the causal agent of Ash Dieback (ADB), has been introduced to eastern Europe in the 1990s from where it spread causing decline in European ash populations. …”
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Coping Strategies in Migraine without Aura: A Cross-Sectional Study by Antonio Russo, Gabriella Santangelo, Alessandro Tessitore, Marcello Silvestro, Francesca Trojsi, Antonio De Mase, Federica Garramone, Luigi Trojano, Gioacchino Tedeschi

“…Background. In the context of a causal relationship between stress and migraine, coping strategies are aimed at managing stressful life events and reducing the distressing emotions connected to them. …”
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