Opioidergic tuning of social attachment: reciprocal relationship between social deprivation and opioid abuse by Julia A. Galiza Soares, Samantha N. Sutley-Koury, Matthew B. Pomrenze, Matthew B. Pomrenze, Jason M. Tucciarone

“…This review addresses the apparent bidirectional causal relationship between social deprivation and opioid addiction susceptibility, investigating the role of opioid transmission in attachment bond formation and prosocial behavior. …”
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COVID-19 related epigenetic changes and atopic dermatitis: An exploratory analysis by Zhenwei Tang, MD, Yu Chen, MBBS, Yuzhen Ouyang, MBBS, Yu Peng, MD, PhD, Xiaoyong Man, MD, PhD

“…In the following analysis of the causal effects of CpGs and their related gene expression, cg04543273 inhibited LMAN2 expression. …”
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Characterization of the Collagen Extraction Manufacturing Process Using Markov Chains and Artificial Neural Networks by Rosa Trasvina-Osorio, Sergio Alonso-Romero, Juan de Anda-Suarez, Valentin Calzada-Ledesma, Javier Yanez-Mendiola, Luis Fernando Villanueva-Jimenez, Erick Rojas-Mancera

“…Modelling a process requires a priori knowledge of the possible causal relationships between the study variables and the response, especially when the raw material is waste. …”
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Short-term growth, movement and response of European eel Anguilla anguilla to re-meandering of a small English chalk stream by Champkin James D., Bašić Tea, Haubrock Phillip J., Balzani Paride, Sayer Carl D., George Laura K., Godard Michael J., Vilizzi Lorenzo, Copp Gordon H.

“…Freshwater habitat degradation has been cited as a key causal factor in the European eel decline, but there are limited studies assessing the responses of this species to river habitat restoration efforts. …”
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Melanocortin Peptide Therapy for the Treatment of Arthritic Pathologies by S. J. Getting, M. Kaneva, Y. Bhadresa, D. Renshaw, Giovanna Leoni, H. B. Patel, M. J. P. Kerrigan, I. C. Locke

“…The arthritides represent a group of closely related pathologies in which cytokines, joint destruction, and leukocytes play a causal role. Here we discuss the role of naturally occurring pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived melanocortin peptides (e.g., alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone [a-MSH]) and synthetic derivatives in these diseases. …”
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Prevalence of Prediabetes, Diabetes, and Its Associated Risk Factors among Males in Saudi Arabia: A Population-Based Survey by Khaled K. Aldossari, Abdulrahman Aldiab, Jamaan M. Al-Zahrani, Sameer H. Al-Ghamdi, Mohammed Abdelrazik, Mohammed Ali Batais, Sundas Javad, Shanila Nooruddin, Hira Abdul Razzak, Ashraf El-Metwally

“…In order to evaluate the causal relationship of these factors, prospective studies are required in future.…”
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High serum uric acid levels are associated with increased prevalence of gallstones in adult women: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES by Guozheng Lv, Guozheng Lv, Decai Wang, Decai Wang, Yu Huang, Ruizi Shi, Chuan Qin, Xi Chen, Xintao Zeng, Hua Luo, Pei Yang, Sirui Chen, Jianjun Wang, Jianjun Wang

“…Despite the inability to clarify the causal relationship between them, our results remain interesting.…”
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Evolution of Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in the Expanding Solar Wind: Residual Energy and Intermittency by Chen Shi, Nikos Sioulas, Zesen Huang, Marco Velli, Anna Tenerani, Victor Réville

“…Finally, we find that in our simulations, although the negative residual energy and intermittency grow simultaneously as the turbulence evolves, the causal relation between them seems to be weak, possibly because they are generated on different scales.…”
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Multiepitope Subunit Vaccine Design against COVID-19 Based on the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2: An In Silico Analysis by Hamza Arshad Dar, Yasir Waheed, Muzammil Hasan Najmi, Saba Ismail, Helal F. Hetta, Amjad Ali, Khalid Muhammad

“…The global health crisis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of COVID-19, has resulted in a negative impact on human health and on social and economic activities worldwide. …”
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Interneuron FGF13 regulates seizure susceptibility via a sodium channel-independent mechanism by Susan Lin, Aravind R Gade, Hong-Gang Wang, James E Niemeyer, Allison Galante, Isabella DiStefano, Patrick Towers, Jorge Nunez, Maiko Matsui, Theodore H Schwartz, Anjali Rajadhyaksha, Geoffrey S Pitt

“…Disruption of, or variants in, FGF13 were implicated as causal for a set of DEEs, but the underlying mechanisms were clouded because FGF13 is expressed in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, FGF13 undergoes extensive alternative splicing producing multiple isoforms with distinct functions, and the overall roles of FGF13 in neurons are incompletely cataloged. …”
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<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> Pathovar <i>syringae</i> Infection Reveals Different Defense Mechanisms in Two Sweet Cherry Cultivars by Claudia Carreras, Alan Zamorano, Luis Villalobos-González, Paula Pimentel, Lorena Pizarro, María Francisca Beltrán, Weier Cui, Manuel Pinto, Franco Figueroa, Carlos Rubilar-Hernández, Analia Llanes, Assunta Bertaccini, Nicola Fiore

“…<i>syringae</i> is the main causal agent of bacterial canker in sweet cherry in Chile, causing significant economic losses. …”
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The Polymorphism rs2725220 Is Associated with Hyperuricemia in the Korean Population by Jae Woong Sull, Seung-Ju Yang, Soriul Kim, Sun Ha Jee

“…Several genome-wide association studies on uric acid levels have implicated the ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, member 2 (ABCG2) gene as being possibly causal. We investigated an association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2725220 in the ABCG2 gene and uric acid levels in the Korean population. …”
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Leveraging LLMs and wearables to provide personalized recommendations for enhancing student well-being and academic performance through a proof of concept by Arfan Ahmed, Sarah Aziz, Alaa Abd-alrazaq, Rawan AlSaad, Javaid Sheikh

“…Future research, particularly with intervention groups and potentially RCT studies, is crucial to establish causal relationships and validate the recommendations’ impact. …”
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Negative perceptions toward older adults and life satisfaction among community-dwelling older citizens in Japan [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] by Yuho Shimizu, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Tomoki Furuya, Ai Iizuka, Keigo Hinakura, Tomoya Takahashi, Yan Li, Daichi Yamashiro, Yoshifumi Takahashi, Daisuke Cho, Susumu Ogawa, Kenichiro Sato

“…Further exploration is warranted to ascertain whether a causal relationship exists, wherein more negative perceptions of older adults diminish life satisfaction.…”
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Investigation of the connection between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the risk of acute kidney injury in septic patients - a retrospective analysis utilizing the MIMIC-IV da... by Pirun Zhang, Wenli Zhang, Yan Han, Tong Yang, Jiayi Zhong, Yun Han, Fang Lai

“…Nevertheless, establishing a causal relationship between the two requires demonstration through larger prospective studies.…”
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Investigating orbital foreign device-associated malignancies: a scoping review by Jeong Hyun Ha, Jagmeet S. Arora, Jamasb J. Sayadi, Nada R. Khattab, Shannon D. Francis, Thomas M. Johnstone, Yeonji Jang, Gordon K. Lee

“…Future studies, including well-designed epidemiologic studies and scientific experiments, are warranted to elucidate the causal relationship.…”
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Detrimental effects of cadmium on male infertility: A review by Nebojša Zečević, Jovana Kocić, Milan Perović, Aleksandar Stojsavljević

“…However, new, in-depth studies are needed to confirm or reject the causal relationship of Cd with male infertility.…”
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Primary Biliary Cirrhosis-Specific Antimitochondrial Antibodies in Neonatal Haemochromatosis by Daniel S. Smyk, Maria G. Mytilinaiou, Tassos Grammatikopoulos, A. S. Knisely, Giorgina Mieli-Vergani, Dimitrios P. Bogdanos, Diego Vergani

“…The association of maternally transferred IgG1 and IgG3 subclass AMA with the appearance of liver damage in an infant with NH may suggest a causal link between antibody and liver damage.…”
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Diabetes and gut microbiome by Kateřina Olša Fliegerová, Tiziana Maria Mahayri, Tiziana Maria Mahayri, Hana Sechovcová, Hana Sechovcová, Chahrazed Mekadim, Jakub Mrázek, Radka Jarošíková, Radka Jarošíková, Michal Dubský, Vladimíra Fejfarová, Vladimíra Fejfarová

“…Attention is focused on changes in the abundance of specific bacterial groups at different taxonomic levels in humans, and microbiome shift is also assessed in relation to geographic location, age, diet and antidiabetic drug. The causal relationship between gut bacteria and diabetes is still unclear, and future studies applying new methodological approaches to a broader range of microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract are urgently needed. …”
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Bridge Employment Model of Qualified Employees in Iran's Public Organizations by Seyedeh Sanaz Sadafi Mousavi, Mir ali Syed nagavi, Seyed Mehdi Alvani, Alireza Koushki Jahromi

“…In this way, the factors; environmental, social, individual, psychological and governmental as causal conditions; The legal requirements of the value system governing Paul's employment as background factors; Organizational and situational factors were identified as intervening factors, government action, organization action and human resource management department action as strategy, organizational-knowledge, infrastructural-cost, individual-motivational factors were identified as the consequences of Paul's employment. …”
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