Serum alpha-1 acid glycoprotein and gallstone risk in US adult women: a cross-sectional analysis of the NHANES by Xiaocheng Li, Peiling He

“…Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential causal relationships.…”
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Altered brain dynamics of facial emotion processing in schizophrenia: a combined EEG/fMRI study by Philippa Hüpen, Barbara Schulte Holthausen, Christina Regenbogen, Thilo Kellermann, Han-Gue Jo, Ute Habel

“…Specifically, fMRI-informed region-of-interests were subjected to EEG-Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) analyses. Among six fMRI-informed EEG-DCM models, alterations in effective connectivity emerged between the primary visual cortex (V1) and the left occipital fusiform gyrus (lOFG). …”
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Antibiotics-induced pulmonary embolism: A disproportionality analysis in Food and Drug Administration database of Adverse Event Reporting System using data mining algorithms by Pramod Kumar Adusumilli, Foujia Begum, Ankita Ashok Sangnure, Jeesa George

“…Conclusion: This study found a statistically significant increased risk of reporting pulmonary embolism with minocycline, chloramphenicol, and moxifloxacin, although a causal relation cannot be definitively established.…”
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Deep learning vulnerability detection method based on optimized inter-procedural semantics of programs by Yan LI, Weizhong QIANG, Zhen LI, Deqing ZOU, Hai JIN

“…In recent years, software vulnerabilities have been causing a multitude of security incidents, and the early discovery and patching of vulnerabilities can effectively reduce losses.Traditional rule-based vulnerability detection methods, relying upon rules defined by experts, suffer from a high false negative rate.Deep learning-based methods have the capability to automatically learn potential features of vulnerable programs.However, as software complexity increases, the precision of these methods decreases.On one hand, current methods mostly operate at the function level, thus unable to handle inter-procedural vulnerability samples.On the other hand, models such as BGRU and BLSTM exhibit performance degradation when confronted with long input sequences, and are not adept at capturing long-term dependencies in program statements.To address the aforementioned issues, the existing program slicing method has been optimized, enabling a comprehensive contextual analysis of vulnerabilities triggered across functions through the combination of intra-procedural and inter-procedural slicing.This facilitated the capture of the complete causal relationship of vulnerability triggers.Furthermore, a vulnerability detection task was conducted using a Transformer neural network architecture equipped with a multi-head attention mechanism.This architecture collectively focused on information from different representation subspaces, allowing for the extraction of deep features from nodes.Unlike recurrent neural networks, this approach resolved the issue of information decay and effectively learned the syntax and semantic information of the source program.Experimental results demonstrate that this method achieves an F1 score of 73.4% on a real software dataset.Compared to the comparative methods, it shows an improvement of 13.6% to 40.8%.Furthermore, it successfully detects several vulnerabilities in open-source software, confirming its effectiveness and applicability.…”
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Mapping of Flood and Landslide Prone Areas using Composite Mapping Analysis Method Based on Geographic Information System in East Aceh by Maya Maulita, Nurdin Nurdin, Taufiq Taufiq

“…The contribution of this research is to provide information on disaster-prone areas, causal factors, characteristics of vulnerability to natural disasters such as floods and landslides and provide a basis for more effective decision-making in disaster mitigation and management efforts. …”
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Analysis of Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Tunnel Groundwater Based on Multivariate Statistical Technology by Chen Peng, Yuanming Liu, Huiyu Chen, Qiaowei Yuan, Qingzhi Chen, Shilong Mei, Zhonghu Wu

“…Sodium-containing silicates and reverse cation exchange as the causal mechanisms of Na+ whereas F- is derived from fluorite. …”
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Perceptual Disturbances and Disorders in the ICD-11: An Overview and a Proposal for Systematic Classification by Berthold Langguth, Michael Landgrebe, Dirk De Ridder

“…The descriptions of the sensory disturbances should include (1) a causal aspect (primary versus secondary), (2) a temporal aspect (acute vs. chronic and persistent vs. intermittent), (3) a cognitive, emotional and autonomic interpretation aspect (=suffering) and (4) a social aspect (=disability). …”
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ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E PERCEPÇÃO DE SAÚDE EM ADOLESCENTES: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA by Luiz Antonio Vancea, Jessyka Mary Vasconcelos Barbosa, Aldemir Smith Menezes, Carla Menêses Santos, Mauro Virgilio Gomes de Barros

“…Concluiu-se que a prática de atividade física está associadaà percepção de saúde neste grupo populacional; todavia, devido ao delineamentotransversal dos estudos realizados não se pode estabelecer uma relação causal entre estesfatores.…”
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Debates feministas en torno a la violencia feminicida y el derecho penal en México by María de Lourdes Velasco Dominguez

“…El objetivo del artículo es analizar la producción académica de cuatro expresiones feministas contemporáneas, a fin de dar cuenta de sus concepciones de sexo y género, sus marcos interpretativos de la violencia de género y del derecho penal, los factores causales a los que otorgan mayor peso y las propuestas que plantean. …”
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The effect of product market competition and growth opportunity on the relationship between ownership concentration and abnormal returns by Rahim Bonabi Ghadim, Shabnam Rajaee, Davod Mostafazadeh

“…The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of product market competition and growth opportunities on the relationship between ownership concentration and abnormal returns.Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and causal (post-event) in terms of method. The statistical population of the study is the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and using systematic sampling method, 130 companies were selected as a research sample for a period of 9 years between 2015 and 2023.Findings: The results of testing the research hypotheses with multiple regression showed that ownership concentration has a negative effect on abnormal returns and product market competition and growth opportunity have a significant negative and positive effect on the relationship between ownership concentration and abnormal return, respectively.Originality/Value: The concentration of ownership leads to the problem of representation between dominant shareholders and minority shareholders (conflict of ownership) and the existence of product market competition as a substitute for strong corporate management and also the existence of growth opportunities that affect the company's future performance due to information uncertainty. …”
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Exploring the Mechanisms of Zhenbao Pills in the Treatment of Stroke through Network Pharmacology Combined with Mendelian Randomization by Yanhong Liu, Yunqi Hua, Xiaoe Jia

“…We also used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess causal relationships between feature genes and stroke incidence, for which colocalization was employed for validation. …”
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PISA 2012: Inmigración y etapa de llegada al Sistema Educativo Español by Esperanza Bausela Herreras

“…No experimental o ex post facto, diseño comparativo- causal. Análisis de datos. Análisis de regresión logística binaria.  …”
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Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II in four Indian children with PCNT variants by Amit Singh, Mahak Garg, Mohammed Shariq, Preeti Khetarpal, Inusha Panigrahi

“…Data were analyzed using standard bioinformatic algorithms and possible causal variants identified. Out of 4, 2 patients were identified to have splice site variants, one had nonsense variant, and one with single nucleotide deletion leading to frameshift in PCNT. …”
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Nigerian newspapers coverage of suicide: Assessment of adherence to WHO suicide reporting guidelines by Ibe Ben Onoja, Success Emmanuel Unekwu Ojih, Patience Ojonile Onoja, Nelson Monday Onoja, Paul Bebenimibo, Shedrack Egbunu Akor

“…Majority of the stories, 95.6% mentioned suicide in the headline; 79.5% provided details on the suicide methods employed; 66.3% offered mono-causal explanation to suicide; and 59% featured images of suicide victims and/or suicide-related graphics. …”
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Evaluation of the practice of applying state price regulation methods: Indian experience by E. A. Santovich

“…Depending on the nature of the problems being developed, the methods of causal analysis, economic-statistical, monographic, abstract-logical and comparative have been applied. …”
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Association between abdominal obesity and nutritional supplement use among Iranian adults in the Shahedieh cohort study by Sina Nouri, Akram Ghadiri-Anari, Saeed Hosseini, Narjes Hazar

“…However, longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal relationships and confirm the long-term effectiveness and safety of such interventions.…”
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Examining the Control-Value Theory in the Field of Mathematics Academic Boredom in First-year High school Students by Fereshteh Salemi, Farzaneh Michaeli Manee, Ali Esazadegan

“…The method of this research was descriptive (causal modeling). The statistical population included all the first tuberculosis students of the second year of secondary school in Urmia city, of which 384 people were selected as a statistical sample using a multi-stage cluster random method. …”
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Dynamics of dormancy regulation in ‘Sonata’ strawberry and its relation to flowering and runnering by Anita Sønsteby, Ola M. Heide

“…Abstract Background Dormancy regulation in strawberry is a dynamic process that is causally interrelated with regulation of flowering. …”
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Patients' Perceptions: A Group Differences Study Twelve Months Before and Twelve Months During a Worldwide Pandemic by Nancy Valla

“…<strong>Methods</strong>: This quantitative non-experimental ex post facto causal-comparative study examined if and to what extent there were significant differences in patients' perceptions of the nurses' communications, doctors' communications, overall hospital rating, and willingness to recommend before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic for HCAHPS participating hospitals in California. …”
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AI anxiety: Explication and exploration of effect on state anxiety when interacting with AI doctors by Hyun Yang, S. Shyam Sundar

“…Furthermore, based on the status quo bias theory and an adaptation of the theory of interactive media effects (TIME) for the study of human-AI interaction (HAII), this study hypothesizes that the affect heuristic triggered by state anxiety would mediate the causal relationship between the source cue of a doctor and user experience (UX) as well as behavioral intentions. …”
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