Determining interaction directionality in complex biochemical networks from stationary measurements by N. Leibovich

“…Yet, the direction of the interaction, thus a causal inference, remains to be determined - especially in steady-state observations. …”
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Designing a model for the development of questioning skills based on the school context in primary school students by motahare Khosravi Rad, Ahmad Akbari, Mohammad karimi, Moslem Cherabin

“…The prerequisite for this issue is the existence of a model as a guide for the action of those in charge; a model in which the background conditions, intervening conditions, causal conditions, and consequences of this issue are correctly identified. …”
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Designing a model for re-employment of employees during retirement (Study case: Ministry of Education) by Fatemeh Fatemeh Bina Baji, Hamid Rezaei Far, Mohammad Mohammadi, Monireh Salehnia

“…Individual factors in causal conditions are subsistence and material needs, emotional and communication needs, and psychological needs. …”
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La dimensión teleológica del azar en Física II 4-6: Un ensayo de reconstrucción e interpretación by Iván de los Ríos

“…Se repasan las principa-les respuestas de los especialistas, se indican algunas deficiencias y se propone unalectura no causal-explicativa de la expresión ἓνεκά του, diferente de lateleología delcomo-si, como explicación de la finalidad del acontecimiento fortuito.…”
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Absential Suspension: Malebranche and Locke on Human Freedom by Julie Walsh

“…This paper treats a heretofore-unnoticed concept in the history of the philosophical discussion of human freedom, a kind of freedom that is not defined solely in terms of the causal power of the agent. Instead, the exercise of freedom essentially involves the non-occurrence of something.That being free involves the non-occurrence, that is, the absence, of an act may seem counterintuitive. …”
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On the finite Fourier transforms of functions with infinite discontinuities by Branko Saric

“…The introductory part of the paper is provided to give a brief review of the stability theory of a matrix pencil for discrete linear time-invariant singular control systems, based on the causal relationship between Jordan's theorem from the theory of Fourier series and Laurent's theorem from the calculus of residues. …”
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Myeloid dendritic cells and periodontal disease association: integrated study of single-cell sequencing and Mendelian randomization analysis by ChengJi Shi, XinYi Ou, XiaoXu Lei, LiJuan Huang, ShuHao Xu, Wei Li, Xi Zhao

“…MR analysis identified twenty-six significant genes, with LIMA1 (LIM domain and actin-binding 1) demonstrating a robust causal association with the progression of periodontal disease. …”
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Association between Atopic Dermatitis and Dementia: Evidence from Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Mendelian Randomization by Yeon-Su Gwak, Seo-Yeon Kim, Chae-Eon Woo, Kihyuk Shin, Eunjeong Son, Jin-Woo Kim, Sung-Jin Kim, Tae-Jin Song, Hae Ryoun Park, Kihun Kim, Dai Sik Ko, Yun Hak Kim

“…However, MR analysis showed no significant causal link between atopic dermatitis and dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, or cognitive performance. …”
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Risk of angioedema and thrombolytic therapy among stroke patients: An analysis of data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database by Hunong Xiang, Yu Ma, Xiaochao Luo, Jian Guo, Minghong Yao, Yanmei Liu, Ke Deng, Xin Sun, Ling Li

“…The adapted Bradford Hill criteria suggested a probable causal relationship between alteplase and angioedema, whereas there was insufficient evidence of a probable causal relationship with tenecteplase. …”
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Genetic Determinants of Immune Cells and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: A Bioinformatics and Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study by Tong WU, Fei GAO, Fei TENG, Qiaoli ZHANG

“…A bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis was then performed to explore the causal relationships between immune cells and HCC. …”
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Mendelian randomization studies of risk and protective factors for osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Wenhao Ji, Wenhao Ji, Bin Pan, Bin Pan, Xin Chen, Xin Chen, Zhaobai Lao, Zhaobai Lao, Wanlei Yang, Wanlei Yang, Yu Qian, Yu Qian

“…This study aims to evaluate the connection between potential causal factors and the risk of osteoporosis by synthesizing evidence from Mendelian randomization studies.MethodsThe databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched for Mendelian randomization studies investigating factors influencing osteoporosis up to May 2024. …”
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Identification of biomarkers for chronic lymphocytic leukemia risk: a proteome-wide Mendelian randomization study by Changyu Jin, Zehong Lu, Yuzhan Chen, Huijie Hu, Miao Zhou, Yanli Zhang, Guifang Ouyang, Tongyu Li, Lixia Sheng

“…Although previous research has explored associations between plasma proteins and CLL, the causal relationships remain unclear. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between 7156 plasma proteins and CLL risk. …”
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Branched-chain amino acids levels associated with risk of erectile dysfunction: A Mendelian randomization analysis by Yijian Deng, Liying Zeng, Yigui Lai, Shuai Ji, Baizhao Peng, Hanqi Lu, Ming Wang, Hiu Yee Kwan, Qi Wang, Xiaoshan Zhao

“…Previous studies have underscored the association between BCAAs and CVD, but the causal link between BCAAs and ED remains uncertain. …”
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Biomarker combinations from different modalities predict early disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis by Vinzenz Fleischer, Tobias Brummer, Muthuraman Muthuraman, Muthuraman Muthuraman, Falk Steffen, Milena Heldt, Maria Protopapa, Muriel Schraad, Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla, Sergiu Groppa, Stefan Bittner, Frauke Zipp

“…Second, we applied structural equation modeling (SEM) to the single biomarkers in order to determine their causal inter-relationships.ResultsBaseline GMV on its own allowed identification of subsequent EDSS progression based on ROC analysis. …”
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Risk factors for disruptive behaviours: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of quasi-experimental evidence by Essi Viding, Francesca Solmi, Simon Russell, Lucy Karwatowska, Bianca Lucia De Stavola, Sara Jaffee, Jean-Baptiste Pingault

“…The results will help to identify risk factors for which there is strong evidence of causal effects on disruptive behaviours and also highlight potential risk factors that require further research. …”
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Metagenomics: a new frontier for routine pathology testing of gastrointestinal pathogens by Nicola Z. Angel, Mitchell J. Sullivan, Areej Alsheikh-Hussain, Liang Fang, Samantha MacDonald, Alena Pribyl, Blake Wills, Gene W. Tyson, Philip Hugenholtz, Donovan H. Parks, Paul Griffin, David L. A. Wood

“…However, thorough testing for a wider range of causal agents is time consuming and remains limited to a subset of pathogenic organisms. …”
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Poly-skilling and advanced practice roles in perioperative care: protocol for a realist synthesis of evidence by David Walker, Ann Griffin, Carolina Britton, Della Freeth

“…The iterative analysis and synthesis of these data will produce causal links between contexts, mechanisms and outcomes. …”
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The research progress on effective connectivity in adolescent depression based on resting-state fMRI by Xuan Deng, Jiajing Cui, Jinyuan Zhao, Jinji Bai, Junfeng Li, Kefeng Li

“…As a crucial component of rs-fMRI analysis, effective connectivity analysis (EC) may provide a detailed description of the causal relationship and information flow between different brain areas. …”
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Effect of High-Risk Versus Low-Risk Pregnancy at the First Antenatal Care Visit On the Occurrence of Complication During Pregnancy and Labour Or Delivery in Kenya: A Double-Robust... by Kadengye, Damazo T., Odero, Henry Owoko, Izudi, Jonathan

“…Objectives We evaluated the causal effects of high-risk versus low-risk pregnancy at the first antenatal care (ANC) visit on the occurrence of complications during pregnancy and labour or delivery among women in Kenya. …”
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Organisation management modern methods based on a value-oriented approach by G. N. Ryazanova

“…The author outlined a microeconomic agents role in the connections system in the macroeconomic space; explored the changes features in the Russian organisation at different stages of the country’s development in conjunction with changes in the values of the era; revealed the modern economic agent specifics, his worldview and value orientations; established the transformation process causal relationship of the modern economic space and the challenges facing the organisation; justified the need to take into account the stakeholder groups values in management; systematised organisation management methods based on a value-based approach. …”
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