Sampling Guidelines and Recommendations for Submitting Samples for Diagnosing Laurel Wilt in Avocado Trees (Persea americana L.) by Jonathan Henry Crane, Romina Gazis, Jeff Wasielewski, Daniel Carrillo, Bruce Schaffer, Fredy Ballen, Edward A. Evans

“…A critical part of preventing and controlling plant diseases is determining the causal agent so that the appropriate management practices can be implemented to eradicate or contain the outbreak. …”
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Draft genome sequences of five Calonectria species from Eucalyptus plantations in China, Celoporthe dispersa, Sporothrix phasma and Alectoria sarmentosa by Feifei Liu, Shuaifei Chen, Maria A. Ferreira, Runlei Chang, Mohammad Sayari, Aquillah M. Kanzi, Brenda D. Wingfield, Michael J. Wingfield, David Pizarro, Ana Crespo, Pradeep K. Divakar, Z. Wilhelm de Beer, Tuan A. Duong

“…Celoporthe dispersa is the causal agent of stem canker in native Syzygium cordatum and exotic Tibouchina granulosa in South Africa. …”
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Avances sobre la caracterización del “mal de la tela” en plantas de yerba mate Ilex paraguariensis A. St. -Hil. by Delia M. Dummel, A. Badaracco, R. Kramer, P. Rohatsch, J.P. Agostini

“…A partir de hojas y ramas sintomáticas, muestreadas de distintas partes de la provincia de Misiones, fue aislado el agente causal para su posterior caracterización morfológica y molecular. …”
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Comparison of Instrumental Variable Methods With Continuous Exposure and Binary Outcome: A Simulation Study by Shunichiro Orihara, Atsushi Goto

“…Background: Instrumental variable (IV) methods are widely employed to estimate causal effects when concerns regarding unmeasured confounders. …”
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SEMdag: Fast learning of Directed Acyclic Graphs via node or layer ordering. by Mario Grassi, Barbara Tarantino

“…A Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) offers an easy approach to define causal structures among gathered nodes: causal linkages are represented by arrows between the variables, leading from cause to effect. …”
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Exploring the role of circulating proteins in multiple myeloma risk: a Mendelian randomization study by Matthew A. Lee, Kate L. Burley, Emma L. Hazelwood, Sally Moore, Sarah J. Lewis, Lucy J. Goudswaard

“…We performed bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR; forward MR = causal effect estimation of proteins and MM risk; reverse MR = causal effect estimation of MM risk and proteins). …”
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Gut microbiota, metabolites, and cytokines in relation to the risk of prostate cancer in the Asian population by Zhengshi Wang, Zhengshi Wang, Zhengshi Wang, Zhengshi Wang, Zhengshi Wang, Haotian Chen, Haotian Chen, Yongqiang Liu, Yongqiang Liu, Libin Zou, Libin Zou, Zhijin Zhang, Zhijin Zhang, Zhiqiang Yin, Zhiqiang Yin, Shiyu Mao, Shiyu Mao, Changcheng Guo, Changcheng Guo, Bin Yang, Bin Yang, Pengfei Wu, Pengfei Wu, Pengfei Wu, Xudong Yao, Xudong Yao

“…The causal effects of gut microbiota on prostate cancer were partially mediated by metabolites and cytokines. …”
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Effects of Physical Exercise Breaks on Executive Function in a Simulated Classroom Setting: Uncovering a Window into the Brain by Qian Yu, Zhihao Zhang, Sebastian Ludyga, Kirk I. Erickson, Boris Cheval, Meijun Hou, Dominika M. Pindus, Charles H. Hillman, Arthur F. Kramer, Ryan S. Falck, Teresa Liu‐Ambrose, Jin Kuang, Sean P. Mullen, Keita Kamijo, Toru Ishihara, David A. Raichlen, Matthew Heath, David Moreau, André O. Werneck, Fabian Herold, Liye Zou

“…The effect of AVR on average RT was mediated through task‐based causal density (indirect effect: −0.82). Acutely interrupting prolonged sitting improves executive function, microvascular status, and cortical activation and connectivity, with causal density mediating the microvascular‐executive function link.…”
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Mendelian randomization study of serum uric acid levels and urate-lowering drugs on pulmonary arterial hypertension outcomes by Xiaoling Yao, Xin Cai, Shaoqin Zhang, Yuzheng Yang, Xiangyan Yang, Wukai Ma, Zong Jiang

“…This study establishes a genetic basis for a causal link between serum uric acid levels and PAH. …”
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Effective Connectivity Study Guiding the Neuromodulation Intervention in Figurative Language Comprehension Using Optical Neuroimaging by Tania Alexandra Couto, Shiyang Xu, Paulo Armada da Silva, Chenggang Wu, Karl Neergaard, Meng-Yun Wang, Juan Zhang, Yutao Xiang, Zhen Yuan

“…The method is aimed at mapping significant causal relationships across language brain networks, captured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy measurements (fNIRS): (i) definition of regions of interest (ROIs) based on significant channels extracted from spatial activation maps; (ii) inspection of significant causal relationships in temporal resolution, exploring the experimental task agreement; and (iii) early identification of stronger causal relationships that guide neuromodulation intervention, targeting impaired connectivity pathways. …”
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Demographic crisis as a threat to the national security of the Russian Federation by E. V. Yakutovich

“…The analysis of the demographic situation in the country, the ability of national threats in a negative population growth is considered a causal relationship crisis, including, possible projections of population change of the geopolitical picture of the world.…”
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Spatial and temporal variation of Antarctic microbial interactions: a study around the west Antarctic Peninsula by Swan L. S. Sow, Willem H. van de Poll, Rachel Eveleth, Jeremy J. Rich, Hugh W. Ducklow, Patrick D. Rozema, Catherine M. Luria, Henk Bolhuis, Michael P. Meredith, Linda A. Amaral-Zettler, Julia C. Engelmann

“…Overall, in terms of biotic drivers, causal-effect modelling suggests that bacteria were stronger drivers of ecosystem dynamics at Palmer, while microbial eukaryotes played a stronger role at Rothera. …”
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Exploring lipidome mediated inflammatory pathways in acute pancreatitis using mendelian randomization by Wenbin Liu, Song Yang, Yuhan Li, Dava Tenzing, Ruizi Shi, Yang Jiang, Hao Deng, Enqiang Mao, Ying Chen, Yihui Wang

“…The investigation employed a two-sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization method to investigate potential causal relationship between lipidome profiles, inflammatory mediators, and AP. …”
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Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and osteoporosis: Mendelian randomization combined with bibliometric analysis by Fangjun Yang, Huaming Wang, Miaomiao Liu, Shengtai Pei, Xiaoming Qiu

“…The aim of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between COPD and OP by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. …”
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Exploring the Impact of Systemic Inflammatory Regulators on Rosacea Risk: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis by Xue Q, Pan JP, Qian D, Ji J, Fei LY, Yao S, Tan X, Fan WG

“…While inflammatory factors are known to play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis, their causal relationship with rosacea remains unclear. …”
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Genetic Insights Into the Role of Cathepsins in Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization Study by Yanhong Jiang, Wenhui Fan, Yaxin Li, Hua Xue

“…We aimed to determine whether genetically predicted 10 cathepsins may have a causal effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). …”
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Assessment of relationships between epigenetic age acceleration and multiple sclerosis: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study by Hongwei Liu, Hanqing Zhang, Zhaoxu Yin, Miaomiao Hou

“…Our research seeks to clarify these potential causal links through a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. …”
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Assessing the Model of Resilience of Cities with Fuzzy Dematel Approach, Case study: Gorgan and Shirvan cities by mohammad motamedi, mohammad gharavi

“…Despite the recent attention and the abundant use of the concept of resilience in different areas of theoretical and practical limitations of this concept, this study aims to explain the causal pattern of resilience of cities. The present research is based on the descriptive-causal methodology. …”
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Causation: Recurrent Collagenous Colitis Following Repeated Use of NSAIDs by Mohammed Y Al-Ghamdi, Dickran A Malatjalian, Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten

“…The case report suggests a causal relationship.…”
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Relationship between BMI, indicators of lipid metabolism and diabetic neuropathy: a Mendelian randomization study by Yuanyuan Jia, Guanying Liu, Xuesong Li, Lijun Duan, Lifeng Zhao

“…The weighted median method provides a causal estimate even when up to 50% of the instruments are invalid, enhancing robustness. …”
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