The Nature of Global Income Inequality and Its Determinants by Debesh Bhowmik

“…There is also a short-run causality from income inequality to the inflation rate. …”
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Association between the triglyceride glucose body mass index and asthma: evidence from NHANES 2011–2018 by Sijia Yu, Shiping Wu, Shouxin Wei

“…These results suggest that TyG-BMI has the potential to be used as an indicator to monitor the prevalence of asthma, but further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm causality and to assess its utility in the management of long-term comorbidities. …”
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Doble mecanismo de sofocación homicida. A propósito de un caso by Yaima González Cabrera, Yunier Riverol González, Dayami Llanes Pulido

“…Conclusions: acting with suspicion is essential in forensic proceedings; murderers use ways, means and situations to hide the crime, which is why detailed expertise will reveal the true causality.…”
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Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals, blood metabolome, and epigenetics on breast cancer risk: A multi-dimensional mendelian randomization study by Ningning Song, Xinquan Xi, Kuan Yang, Chongzhe Pei, Lingzhou Zhao

“…Mendelian randomization (MR) is a robust method for establishing causality, as it reduces biases from confounding factors and reverse causation. …”
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Blood pressure, gallstones, and age at first cholecystectomy in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional study by Yue Zhang, Ruifeng Duan, Xin Chen, Lijuan Wei

“…Conclusion The study found a correlation between BP and the prevalence of gallstones in individuals aged 42 years and older and a positive association between SBP and the age at first cholecystectomy. While causality cannot be confirmed, these findings may assist in identifying early risk groups for GD and early cholecystectomy, thereby enhancing risk stratification and potentially reducing screening costs.…”
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The impact of perceived caregiver anxiety and stress during childhood on late-life depression: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study by Liuyin Jin, Liuyin Jin, Dongdong Wang, Dengxian Yang, Qiong Jin, Mengye Cao, Yuanyuan Li, Jiajie Yang, Guoming Xie, Wenwu Zhang

“…Longitudinal studies are needed to better establish causality and further investigate these mechanisms.…”
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Intensive Farmaco- Surveillance of Interferon Alpha 2b Recombinant in Multiple Sclerosis. by Leslie Pérez Ruiz, Ana María Ramos Cedeño, José Cabrera Gómez, Nancy Echazábal Santana, Hailen Bobillo López

“…With regard to the total of manifested adverse reactions we analyzed type, length, and use of a given treatment to counteract them, intensity level (light, moderate, serious or lethal) and causality level (definitive, probable, possible, conditional or not related). …”
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Investigating the reciprocal temporal relationships between tobacco consumption and psychological disorders for youth: an international review by Leila Mohammadi, Caroline Louise Miller, Sharon Lawn, Jeremy Stevenson, Kimberley Martin

“…No studies examined tobacco and borderline personality disorder.Conclusions Reciprocal relationships existed between tobacco and both depression and anxiety for youth, though causality is unconfirmed. No positive effect direction was found between tobacco and psychosis, perhaps because nicotine has conflicting effects on psychosis. …”
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Exploring the nexus between economic growth and economic performance in Nepal by Yadav Mani Upadhyaya, Khom Raj Kharel, Suman Kharel, Basu Dev Lamichhane

“…This study found that short-term causality running from lagged GDP, gross capital formation (GCF), exports, human development index (HDI), and employment ratio influence immediate GDP growth. …”
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Exploring Synergies: Greenhouse Gas Dynamics, Soil Mechanisms, and Forest Ecosystems for Climate Resilience and Sustainable Environmental Stewardship by Ihsan Muhammad, Xinyu Luo, Imran Khan, Abdullah Ahmed Al‐Ghamdi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Weijun Shen

“…Furthermore, a unidirectional causality is observed from GHGs to BM (coefficient 6.31). …”
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The stability of anisotropic compact stars influenced by dark matter under teleparallel gravity: an extended gravitational deformation approach by Sneha Pradhan, Piyali Bhar, Sanjay Mandal, P. K. Sahoo, Kazuharu Bamba

“…Our investigation delves into the stability of the model by considering causality conditions, Herrera’s cracking method, the adiabatic index, and the Harrison–Zeldovich–Novikov criterion. …”
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Evaluating level of adherence to nicotine replacement therapy and its impact on smoking cessation: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis by Michelle Bovill, Gillian Sandra Gould, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Parivash Eftekhari, Daniel Nigusse Tollosa

“…Only studies reporting a valid strategy to control for reverse causality will be included.Discussion This review will provide evidence to support the importance of adherence on rate of smoking cessation and level of adherence to NRT. …”
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ARISTOTELIO STYGIUS ŠIUOLAIKINIAME MOKSLE by Peeter Müürsepp

“…Keywords: Aristotle, R. Thom, finality, causality, intelligibility. …”
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How does news coverage of suicide affect suicidal behaviour at a high-frequency location? A 7-year time series analysis by Lisa Marzano, Ruth Spence, Ian Kruger, Ian Marsh, Arianna Barbin

“…We investigated the relationship between news coverage of suicide and incidents at a high-frequency coastal location in the UK over a 7-year period.Methods We analysed bidirectional associations (with daily and weekly lags) and Granger causality between suicide-related news in the UK (n=38 595, of which 789 focused on cliff locations) and suspected suicides (n=278) and crisis interventions (n=3050) at the site between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2023. …”
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Social media warfare: investigating human-bot engagement in English, Japanese and German during the Russo-Ukrainian war on Twitter and Reddit by Wentao Xu, Kazutoshi Sasahara, Jianxun Chu, Bin Wang, Wenlu Fan, Zhiwen Hu

“…Moreover, we found that English content demonstrated Granger causality with cascade size and depth in minor languages like Japanese and German (p < 0.05), with temporal correlations between human and bot posting frequencies significantly heightening toxicity in English compared to the other languages. …”
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Genetic insights into therapeutic targets for gout: evidence from a multi-omics mendelian randomization study by Mingyuan Fan, Zhangjun Yun, Jiushu Yuan, Sai Zhang, Hongyan Xie, Dingyi Lu, Haipo Yuan, Hong Gao

“…Phe-MR analysis indicated significant causality between 7 gout causal genes and 45 diseases. …”
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Emotion dysregulation and loneliness as predictors of food addiction by Eirini Tatsi, Atiya Kamal, Alistar Turvill, Regina Holler

“…Future research will need to understand possible causality between these factors and insights into the potential role addictive behaviour of food has in overeating phenomena, such as binge-eating.…”
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Chiari malformation with concurrent papilledema: a patient-level meta-analysis of case reports and case series by Alejandro Pando, Daniel J. Valdivia, Daniel A. Brenner, Mohammed Ali Alvi, Hai Sun, James K. Liu, Ira Goldstein

“…Study quality for each study included was assessed according to four scales: selection, ascertainment, causality, and reporting. Results 27 patients from 21 studies were included. …”
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Diabetes and tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analyis of mendelian randomization evidence by Ivaan Pitua, Raafidha Raizudheen, Mark Muyanja, Joseph Nyero, Morrish Okello Obol

“…Observational studies suggest an increased TB risk in individuals with DM, yet causal relationships remain unclear due to potential confounding factors. …”
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ARISTOTELIO STYGIUS ŠIUOLAIKINIAME MOKSLE by Peeter Müürsepp

“…Keywords: Aristotle, R. Thom, finality, causality, intelligibility. …”
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