A Clinico-Epidemiological Study of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Centre of Eastern India by Sujata Sinha, Chinamy Kar, Sudip Das, Arnab Dutta, Abhishek De

“…Aims: To record various morphological patterns of CADRs and their causal relationships among patients attending in a tertiary care centre. …”
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THE CONNECTION BETWEEN MENTAL HEALTH SYMPTOMS AND SOCIAL MEDIA EXPERIENCES IN ADOLESCENCE by ELLI TUOMISTO, RIITTAKERTTU KALTIALA, SARI FRÖJD, MAURI MARTTUNEN

“…Future research should use longitudinal designs to establish causality.…”
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MARIJUANA USE WITHIN THE CONSTRUCTION WORKFORCE: THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND A RESEARCH PROPOSAL by Fred Sherratt, Matthew Hallowell, Marzia Hoque Tania

“…This includes necessary considerations of accident causality, worker impairment, and physiological issues concerning the drug itself, as well as inherent problems with drug testing, and its effectiveness as a means of management control. …”
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An Analysis on Determinants of Cash and L/C Export: Findings from Türkiye’s Export by Ahmed Yusuf Sarıhan

“…To accomplish this objective, exchange rates and specific inflation indicators, and their causal relationship with export transactions based on payment types was examined using the Toda-Yamamoto causality test. …”
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Can system dynamics explain long-term hydrological behaviors? The role of endogenous linking structure by X. Zhou, Z. Sheng, K. Manevski, K. Manevski, K. Manevski, R. Zhao, R. Zhao, Q. Zhang, Y. Yang, S. Han, J. Liu, J. Liu, Y. Yang, Y. Yang, Y. Yang

“…Using the headwaters of Baiyang Lake in China as a case study, the endogenous linking structure of the hydrological system was gradually unraveled from 1982 to 2015 through wavelet analysis, Granger's causality test, and a system dynamics model. The wavelet analysis and Granger's causality test identified a negatively correlated and bidirectional causal relationship between actual evapotranspiration and catchment water storage change across distinct climatic periodicities, and the system dynamics approach suggested a combined structure of a vegetation reinforcing feedback and a soil water–vegetation balancing feedback in the hydrological system. …”
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The problem of “harm” in the theory of international relations by M. A. Gadzhiev

“…From his point of view, in complex social systems, such as international system, non-linear causal relationships and multiple causality prevail. …”
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Mediating Effects of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows on Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Prajukta Tripathy, Mohsen Brahmi, Baiju Pallayil, Bikash Ranjan Mishra

“…In this study, the unit root test, the Johansen cointegration, the Granger causality technique, and the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) are used for the empirical analysis. …”
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The Impact of Ownership and Financial Stability on Bank Liquidity Creation by Sudarto Sudarto, Adawiyah Wiwiek Rabiatul, Najmudin Najmudin, Jati Dian Purnomo

“…According to the Granger causality test results, there is no reciprocal relationship between the creation of liquidity and financial stability. …”
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A step towards a sustainable environment in top-10 nuclear energy consumer countries: The role of financial globalization and nuclear energy by Mumtaz Ali, Ahmed Samour, Suhaib Ahmed Soomro, Waqar Khalid, Turgut Tursoy

“…The MMQR estimation findings indicate that: (i) nuclear and renewable energy consumption and financial globalization promote environmental sustainability by increasing the LCF; (ii) economic growth degrades ecological sustainability by decreasing the LCF; and (iii) the results from Granger causality suggest a causal link among economic growth, technological innovation, nuclear energy, and LCF. …”
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Inertial Memory Effects in Molecular Transport Across Nanoporous Membranes by Slobodanka Galovic, Milena Čukić, Dalibor Chevizovich

“…In this work, we have derived two causal models as extensions of Fick’s second law, where causality is linked to the effects of inertial memory in the nanoporous membrane. …”
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The Relationship between Executive Function and Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review by Kaela R. S. Reinert, Eli K. Po'e, Shari L. Barkin

“…Future research should be longitudinal and use a uniform method of EF measurement to better establish causality between EF and obesity and consequently direct future intervention strategies.…”
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The influence of ethical leadership and ethical culture on ethical behavior in higher education institutions by Anik Herminingsih

“…The research employs a quantitative approach with a causality design. Data were collected using structured questionnaires distributed to 150 academic and administrative staff as respondents, selected through purposive sampling. …”
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TEORIA DISCURSULUI: APLICABILITATE ÎN ANALIZA SCHIMBĂRILOR DE PARADIGMĂ ÎN STUDIILE DE SECURITATE by Robert-Ionuț STANCIU

“…Process tracing and document analysis techniques were also used to determine causality effects between speeches and security postures. …”
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Intensive pharmacovigilance of Heberprot-P® in patients with diabetic foot ulcer by Annavely González Ocaña, Ana María Ramos Cedeño, Yeny Dueñas Pérez, Francisco Carlos Valladares Más, Yahima Arrechea Betancourt

“…In addition to sociodemographic variables, the type of adverse event, intensity, severity and causality were analyzed.<br /><strong>Results</strong>: Patients with white skin color and over 60 years of age predominated. …”
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Noncoding RNAs Associated with PPARs in Etiology of MAFLD as a Novel Approach for Therapeutics Targets by Fatemeh Kazeminasab, Maryam Baharlooie, Kamran Ghaedi

“…With a polypharmacology approach, we screened 51 ncRNAs which were causal to a subset of diseases related to MAFLD. Conclusion. …”
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Studying the Relationship Between Coal Consumption and Health of Rural Residents: Evidence from China by Zi Cao, Jie Wei, Hang Fan, Jun Liu

“…The annual number of medical visits of rural residents was evaluated via multiple regression, and the Pearson correlation and Granger causality tests were used to evaluate the relationships between coal consumption and the changes in mortality rates of various diseases in rural areas. …”
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Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Climatic and Non-Climatic Factors on Maize Yield over a 33 Year Period (1990–2022) in Nepal by O. Poudel, B. B. Khatri, P. Acharya, D. R. Sharma

“…CO2 emissions per capita (CO2PC) positively affect maize yield in the long run (18754.80, p = 0.0012), whereas agricultural CO2 emissions (CO2AG) exhibit a significant negative impact on maize yield (-22074.70, p = 0.0001). Granger causality tests indicate that rainfall, temperature, and CO2 emissions Granger-cause maize yield, with the feedback effect from agricultural emissions and productivity. …”
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COMMUNICATION OF THE CENTRAL BANK AS A DETERMINANT OF THE CREDIBILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MONETARY POLICY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK by Piotr Misztal

“…However, the empirical research studies aim to confirm the hypothesis (H0) or reject the hypothesis (H1) about the causal relationships between the variables mentioned. …”
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Beyond the Comfort Zone: Strenuous Sports as a Preventive Tactic Against Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Wei Zhang, Gang Li, Chengya Hao, Aijun Cheng

“…However, the genetic causality of this association remains unclear. In this study, Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to explore the potential causal relationship between strenuous sports and prostatic hypertrophy. …”
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The Impact of Policy Quantification on Rural Spatial Development in Suburbs: A Case Study of Dalian’s Main Urban Area by Jiaxiang Wang, Zehao Cao, Tian Chen, Chunguang Hu

“…The rural revitalization construction index exhibited notable spatial heterogeneity, evolving from clusters near industrial zones to expansion into areas like the Jinzhou District, aligned with urban growth patterns. Granger causality analysis confirmed the strong influence of policy interventions, with the first-order lag VAR model offering reliable predictions of short- and long-term policy effects. …”
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