Identification of macrophage polarisation and mitochondria-related biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy by Weifeng Liu, Bin Tong, Jian Xiong, Yanfang Zhu, Hongwei Lu, Haonan Xu, Xi Yang, Feifei Wang, Peng Yu, Yunwei Hu

“…MR analysis yielded 13 key genes with clear causal links to DR. The expression trends of PTAR1 and SLC25A34 were consistent and notable between DR cohort and control cohort in GSE221521 and GSE160306. …”
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Effect of perioperative methylprednisolone administration on postoperative pleural effusion in older patients with non-small cell lung cancer by Xinyu Hao, Yongxin Guo, Ziyao Xu, Yanping Song, Jingjing Liu, Likai Shi, Qiang Fu, Wenzhu Shi, Jiangbei Cao, Yanhong Liu, Li Tong, Weidong Mi

“…Propensity score matching (PSM) method reduced selection bias enhancing causal inference validity. Subgroup analyses identified potential effect heterogeneity in specific sub-populations. …”
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Nanopore sequencing as a novel method of characterising anorexia nervosa risk loci by Natasha Berthold, Silvana Gaudieri, Sean Hood, Monika Tschochner, Allison L. Miller, Jennifer Jordan, Laura M. Thornton, Cynthia M. Bulik, Patrick Anthony Akkari, Martin A. Kennedy

“…Eight significant loci have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability was estimated to be ~ 11–17, yet causal variants remain elusive. It is therefore important to define the full spectrum of genetic variants in the wider regions surrounding these significantly associated loci. …”
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Brain connectivity for constructing new face representations in typical adults versus a prosopagnosic patient by Ela I. Olivares, Jorge F. Bosch-Bayard, Ana S. Urraca, Alba Jiménez-Bascuñán, Rolando J. Biscay, Jaime Iglesias

“…Then, we studied the induced EEG activity using ‘isolated effective coherence’ to analyse the intracortical causal information flow among face-sensitive nodes. …”
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Atopic dermatitis in childhood and pubertal development: A nationwide cohort studyCapsule Summary by Camilla Lomholt Kjersgaard, MD, Andreas Ernst, MD, PhD, Pernille Jul Clemmensen, MD, PhD, Lea Lykke Harrits Lunddorf, MD, PhD, Linn Håkonsen Arendt, MD, PhD, Nis Brix, MD, PhD, Onyebuchi A. Arah, MD, PhD, Mette Deleuran, MD, PhD, Cecilia Høst Ramlau-Hansen, MHSc, PhD

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Associations of social isolation with sociodemographic aspects and health indicators in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults: ELSI-Brazil by Paulo Afonso Sandy Júnior, Flávia Silva Arbex Borim, Daniela de Assumpção, Anita Liberalesso Neri

“…Future research should use longitudinal study designs to investigate causal relationships and develop interventions for older adults who are socially isolated.…”
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Evaluating the Effectiveness of InsightApp for Anxiety, Valued Action, and Psychological Resilience: Longitudinal Randomized Controlled Trial by Victoria Amo, Falk Lieder

“…Moreover, we used a multilevel model to analyze the longitudinal data, focusing on the within-participant causal effects of the intervention on emotional and behavioral reactivity to daily stressors. …”
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Exhaustion of CD8pos central memory regulatory T cell differentiation is involved in renal allograft rejection by Florian Kälble, Jonas Leonhard, Jonas Leonhard, Martin Zeier, Oliver Zivanovic, Matthias Schaier, Andrea Steinborn

“…The pathogenesis of graft deterioration in case of rejection involves the exhaustive differentiation of both CD8pos T cell subsets, but the causal mechanisms have not yet been identified.MethodsIn this study, we separately investigated the differentiation of CD8posTregs/Tresps in 134 stable KTR with no evidence of renal graft rejection, in 41 KTR diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed rejection at enrolment and in 5 patients who were unremarkable at enrolment, but developed rejection within three years of enrolment. …”
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Quantitative examination of video-recorded NHS Health Checks: comparison of the use of QRISK2 versus JBS3 cardiovascular risk calculators by Christopher J Gidlow, Sarah Grogan, Lisa Cowap, Elizabeth Cottrell, Ruth Chambers, Naomi J Ellis, Victoria A Riley, Diane Crone, David Clark-Carter

“…The largest proportion of NHSHC time was spent discussing causal risk factors (M=37.54%, CI: 32.92–42.17).Conclusions There was wide variation in NHSHC duration. …”
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Antagonismo de cepas nativas y foráneas de Trichoderma spp., contra Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causante de antracnosis en maracuyá by Sergio Ayvar-Serna, José Francisco Díaz Nájera, Edna F. Valdez-Hernández, Edgar Jesús Delgado-Núñez, Antonio Mena-Bahena

“…Los objetivos de la investigación fueron aislar, identificar, determinar la patogenicidad del agente causal de la antracnosis y evaluar el antagonismo frente a cepas nativas mexicanas: T. asperellum (TaCh y TaST), Trichoderma sp. …”
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Exploring the relationship between established HIV risk factors and depressive symptoms amongst young women without HIV in two sites in South Africa. by Zanenhlanhla Gumbi, Celia Mehou-Loko, Lindi Masson, Makhosazana Mdladla, Nokuthula Maphumulo, Jo-Ann Passmore, Sanele Mbeje, Linda Gail Bekker, Disebo Potloane, Heather Jaspan, Nina Radzey, Andrea Abrahams, Rushil Harryparsad, Pamela Mkhize, Hilton Humphries

“…Longitudinal studies are required to test the causal relationship between depression and HIV acquisition and to better understand the geospatial differences observed.…”
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Integrated analysis of bioinformatics, mendelian randomization, and experimental validation reveals novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for osteoarthritis: progesterone as a p... by Ziyu Weng, Chenzhong Wang, Bo Liu, Yi Yang, Yueqi Zhang, Chi Zhang

“…Lastly, Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to examine the causal association between progesterone levels and various OA phenotypes. …”
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Creating a Digital Insurance Model: A Grounded Theory Approach by Mohammad Adabi, Nastaran Haji Heydari, Hamed Vares

“…The central categories include digital insurance itself, causal conditions (such as generational change, the internationalization of the insurance industry, and the diversity of insurance services), context conditions (including technological, organizational, and cultural contexts), and intervening conditions (like legal requirements and industry characteristics). …”
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Assessing the determinants of out-of-pocket health expenditures among Cambodian households in informal employment using survey data by Andrea Hannah Kaiser, Sovathiro Mao, Jesper Sundewall, Marlaina Ross, Sokunthea Koy, Searivoth Vorn, Pichenda Koeut, Bjoern Ekman

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Introducing a Coopetition Model for Domestic Airlines in Iran by Saedeh Ghayourisales, Mohsen Nazari, Mohammadali Shahhoseini

“…Findings The core category was revealed as the hidden opportunity and concerns about implementation. Causal conditions' category with 18 concepts and three subcategories, contextual conditions with 10 concepts and three subcategories, interventional conditions with 16 concepts and four subcategories, strategies with 29 concepts and three subcategories, and consequences with 25 concepts and three subcategories formed the final model. …”
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Identifying the causes and consequences of pregnancy in Iranian Kurdish women under the age of 18: A grounded theory study by Javad Yoosefi lebni, Ahmad Ahmadi, Seyed Fahim Irandoost, Mandana Saki, Hossein Safari, Nafiul Mehedi

“…Results: After the data analysis and coding process, the conceptual model of causes and consequences of pregnancy in adolescents emerged, including 1) predisposing conditions (sociocultural factors: Social learning, misconceptions about fertility and childbirth, preventing stigma), 2) causal conditions (individual factors: lack of knowledge on how to prevent pregnancy, improper use of contraceptives, inadequate knowledge about the risks of pregnancy in adolescence, fear of the side effects of using contraceptives, filling the vacuum of loneliness, family factors: husband's and his family's pressure, committing her husband to life, consolidating her position in family), 3) intervening conditions (structural factors: no barriers to pregnancy, difficult access to contraceptives), 4) strategies and interactions (positive reactions: trying to prepare herself for raising a child, taking better care of herself and her child, negative reactions: trying to kill herself and the kid, fear and concealment), and 5) consequences (destructive consequences: threats to the health of the child, threat to mother's health, inadequate access to health services, constructive consequences: increase of support, strengthen the sense of empowerment). …”
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Genetic Biomarkers and Circulating White Blood Cells in Osteoarthritis: A Bioinformatics and Mendelian Randomization Analysis by Yimin Pan, Xiaoshun Sun, Jun Tan, Chao Deng, Changwu Wu, Georg Osterhoff, Nikolas Schopow

“…Genetic variants were used as instrumental variables to evaluate the potential causal impact of circulating white blood cell (WBC) counts on OA. …”
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Assessing the effect of On-site supportive communication training (On-site SCT) on doctor burnout: a randomized controlled trial by K.K. Antonsen, J.D. Lyhne, A.T. Johnsen, S. Eßer-Naumann, L.Ø. Poulsen, L. Lund, S. Timm, L.H. Jensen

“…Conclusions Our findings caution against assuming a causal relationship between short-term interventions and a complex phenomenon like burnout. …”
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Investigating the impact of microbiome-changing interventions on food decision-making: MIFOOD study protocol by Meghedi Vartanian, Konrad Jakob Endres, Yee Teng Lee, Silke Friedrich, Marie-Theres Meemken, Imke Schamarek, Kerstin Rohde-Zimmermann, Robin Schürfeld, Lina Eisenberg, Anja Hilbert, Frauke Beyer, Michael Stumvoll, Julia Sacher, Arno Villringer, Julia F. Christensen, A. Veronica Witte

“…In parallel, neurocognitive behavioral interventions have been proposed to improve unhealthy eating habits and metabolic status. However, causal evidence on how these “bottom-up” and “top-down” processes affect food decision-making and neuronal correlates in humans is still scarce. …”
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CpG-ODN Induces a Dose-Dependent Enrichment of Immunological Niches in the Spleen and Lungs of Neonatal Chicks That Correlates with the Protective Immunity against Escherichia coli by Thushari Gunawardana, Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed, Kalhari Goonewardene, Shelly Popowich, Shanika Kurukulasuriya, Ruwani Karunarathana, Lisanework E. Ayalew, Ashish Gupta, Betty Lockerbie, Marianna Foldvari, Suresh K. Tikoo, Philip Willson, Susantha Gomis

“…Our recent study reported that CpG-ODN administration enriches immune compartments in neonatal chicks. However, a causal relationship between CpG-ODN-induced immune enrichment and protective mechanisms remains unestablished. …”
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