Risk Factors Associated with Breast Cancer in Women in a Health Area by Naifi Hierrezuelo Rojas, Mileidy Cordoví Hierrezuelo, Naiovis Neira Hierrezuelo

“…<br /><strong>Conclusions:</strong> risk factors related to lifestyles such as smoking and obesity and abandonment of breastfeeding were the risk factors that had a strong causal association in the appearance of breast cancer in the present investigation.…”
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A systemic approach to identifying sustainable community-based interventions for improving adolescent mental health: a participatory group model building and design protocol by Megan Keenan, Leanne Freeman, Ediane Santana de Lima, Katie Potter, Tim Hobbs, Ellis Ballard, Peter Fonagy

“…This paper describes the protocol for application of group model building within the Kailo design process to develop causal loop diagrams and pinpoint leverage points for improving adolescent mental health. …”
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Correlation between low testosterone levels and the risk of osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data (2011–2016) by Ning Ma, Fang Gao

“…These findings underscore the potential role of hormonal health in OA pathogenesis and highlight the need for longitudinal studies to clarify causal pathways. The observed non-linear relationship suggests that maintaining optimal testosterone levels may be important for joint health, and testosterone replacement therapy could be explored as a preventative strategy for individuals with testosterone deficiency.…”
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Study of factors associated with obesity in patients using antipsychotics in schizophrenia by Vishalakshi Patnam, P Ramya Keerthi, P Ravi Kiran, Dinesh Panati

“…It may also encourage research on the causal pathways and mechanisms mediating the relationship. …”
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Feasibility assessment of a pharmaco-kinetic behavior based yield model of salivary cotinine among tobacco users by E.C. Hensel, R.J. Robinson

“…Conclusions: The PkBBY model was internally validated and shows promise as a tool for establishing a causal relationship between puffing behavior and an established biomarker of nicotine exposure. …”
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Unpacking complex interventions that manage care for high-need, high-cost patients: a realist review by Eva Chang, Rania Ali, Nancy D Berkman

“…This study seeks to describe how and why complex interventions for HNHC patients lead to more appropriate use of healthcare services.Design A realist review which develops programme theories from causal explanations generated and articulated through the creation of context–mechanism–outcome configurations.Methods Electronic databases (including PubMed and Embase) and gray literature from January 2000 to March 2021 were searched. …”
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Escala de predicción del fracaso de la ventilación no invasiva en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica agudizada by Zadis Navarro Rodriguez, lazaro Ibrahim Romero Garcia

“…Los factores con magnitud causal, fueron la frecuencia respiratoria, la frecuencia cardiaca, y la PaCO2 a las dos horas. …”
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The impact of spray-induced gene silencing on cereal phyllosphere microbiota by Poorva Sundararajan, Samrat Ghosh, Bekele Gelena Kelbessa, Stephen C. Whisson, Mukesh Dubey, Aakash Chawade, Ramesh Raju Vetukuri

“…Abstract Background Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease affecting cereal crops including wheat, barley, rye, oats and maize. Its predominant causal agent is the ascomycete fungus Fusarium graminearum, which infects the spikes and thereby reduces grain yield and quality. …”
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Shattering the Amyloid Illusion: The Microbial Enigma of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis—From Gut Microbiota and Viruses to Brain Biofilms by Anna Onisiforou, Eleftheria G. Charalambous, Panos Zanos

“…Although a definitive causal link remains unestablished, the collective evidence is compelling. …”
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A community-based study to estimate the internet usage and its associated factors among elderly residing in an urban slum area in North India by Garima Sangwan, Nitika Sharma, Rajesh Garg

“…Future research should consider longitudinal designs to better understand the causal pathways and the effectiveness of different intervention strategies.   …”
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Loneliness is associated with adverse health behaviour and obesity: a Danish population-based study of 122,258 individuals by Martin Mejlby Jensen, Karina Friis, Helle Terkildsen Maindal, Anne-Sofie Hargaard, Maria Gjaldbaek Knudsen, Marie Stjerne Grønkjaer, Mathias Lasgaard

“…Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the causal relationships underlying these associations.…”
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Predicting bullying victimization among adolescents using the risk and protective factor framework: a large-scale machine learning approach by Ethan Low, Joshua Monsen, Lindsay Schow, Rachel Roberts, Lucy Collins, Hayden Johnson, Carl L. Hanson, Quinn Snell, E. Shannon Tass

“…Future research should expand to diverse geographical areas and include longitudinal data to better understand causal relationships.…”
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Psychosocial work stressors and mental health in Ph.D. students in Germany-Evidence from two cross-sectional samples. by Meike Heming, Peter Angerer, Mathias Diebig

“…Future longitudinal studies could help to support our findings in terms of a causal stressor-strain association. Universities should focus on mental health of Ph.D. students and direct their support towards promoting student-supervisor relationships and clear guidelines for Ph.D. students' working hours.…”
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Evaluación del estrés académico y sus efectos sobre el rendimiento en estudiantes universitarios by Moira Isabel Lemos Rentería, Carla María Zapata Rueda, Lubin Delgado Arroyo

“…Metodología: La investigación fue de naturaleza cuantitativa, de corte analítico-transversal, que mediante un modelo de estructura de covarianza se evalúa un modelo causal sobre la influencia del estrés en el rendimiento académico. …”
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Psychological Poverty Traps in Rural Farm Households: Implications for Sustainable Agricultural Development and Rural Revitalization in China by Dong Zhang, Hongfeng Zhang, Ziran Meng, Jianxu Liu

“…Through matching and merging processes based on personal questionnaire IDs, a total of 30,143 observations were obtained over a three-year period. We employ Causal Mediation Analysis (CMA) to examine the micro-level mechanisms between material and psychological poverty among rural farm households. …”
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Insuficiencias en la preparación estadística del estudiante de medicina by Vicente Eloy Fardales Macías, Juan Rafael Fábregas Tejeda, Rigoberto Arley Carrazana Rodríguez

“…Se recomienda realizar estudios orientados a indagar en los factores potencialmente causales.…”
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Separating the Effects of Early-Life and Adult Body Size on Chronic Kidney Disease Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study by Xunliang Li, Wenman Zhao, Haifeng Pan, Deguang Wang

“…Background : Whether there is a causal relationship between childhood obesity and increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains controversial. …”
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Process evaluation of the New Interventions for independence in Dementia Study (NIDUS) Family stream randomised controlled trial: protocol by Julie Barber, Laurie Butler, Claudia Cooper, Sarah Morgan-Trimmer, Danielle Laura Wyman, Peter Bright

“…The evaluation will test, refine and develop the NIDUS-Family theoretical model, associated causal assumptions and logic model to identify key mechanisms of impact, implementation and contextual factors influencing the intervention’s effectiveness. …”
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Association between dietary mineral intake and new onset diabetes/pre-diabetes after chronic pancreatitis by Bingqing Li, Shan Guo, Wenlu Zong, Yuning Chu, Qi Zhang, Xiaoyan Yin, Tao Mao, Xiaoyu Li

“…It is necessary to further explore the possible causal relationship and mechanism between mineral intake and diabetes after chronic pancreatitis, so as to provide evidence for nutritional intervention of high-risk patients.…”
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Risk Factors for Skin Cancer in the Salud Delicias Area by Yanet Hernández Caballero, María del Carmen Pérez Cuesta, Leticia Rómulo Ávila, Yoenny Peña García

“…<br /><strong>Conclusions</strong>: those over 55 years of age and men predominated, a statistical and causal association was demonstrated between skin cancer and the risk factors studied.…”
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