Reward signals in the motor cortex: from biology to neurotechnology by Gerard Derosiere, Solaiman Shokur, Pierre Vassiliadis

“…In this Perspective, we highlight the functional roles of M1 reward signals and propose how they could guide advances in neurotechnologies for movement restoration, specifically brain-computer interfaces and non-invasive brain stimulation. Understanding M1 reward signals may open new avenues for enhancing motor control and rehabilitation.…”
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Transcranial vibration stimulation at 40 Hz induced neural activity and promoted the coupling of global brain activity and cerebrospinal fluid flow by Linghan Kong, Wei Jin, Yue Jiang, Fuhua Yan, Jun Liu, Eric C. Leuthardt, Guang-Zhong Yang, Yuan Feng

“…Background: Neuroscience advances have highlighted the potential of non-invasive brain stimulation in influencing cognitive and emotional processes. …”
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Therapeutic Application of rTMS in Atypical Parkinsonian Disorders by Chrysi Petsani, Athina-Maria Aloizou, Vasileios Siokas, Lambros Messinis, Eleni Peristeri, Christos Bakirtzis, Grigorios Nasios, Efthimios Dardiotis

“…APDs are characterized by a variety of symptoms and a lack of disease modifying therapies; their treatment thus remains mainly symptomatic. Brain stimulation via repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe and noninvasive intervention using a magnetic coil, and it is considered an alternative therapy in various neuropsychiatric pathologies. …”
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Clinical Application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Stroke Rehabilitation by Yi WU

“…As a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)can change the membrane potential of neurocytes and generate induced current through time-varying pulse magnetic field acting on central nervous system, which can also affect metabolism and neuroelectric activity in the brain and lead to a series of physiological and biochemical reactions. …”
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Cortical hypometabolism as a predictor of intermittent theta burst stimulation response in treatment-resistant depression patients: An open-label study by Nidhisha Bajaj, Nand Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Vaibhav Patil, Anshul Sharma

“…Background: Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is an accepted and approved brain stimulation technique to treat patients with treatment-resistant depression. …”
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Adaptive Plasticity in the Healthy Language Network: Implications for Language Recovery after Stroke by Gesa Hartwigsen

“…Across the last three decades, the application of noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has substantially increased the current knowledge of the brain’s potential to undergo rapid short-term reorganization on the systems level. …”
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Acoustic Analysis of PD Speech by Karen Chenausky, Joel MacAuslan, Richard Goldhor

“…National Institutes of Health, approximately 500,000 Americans have Parkinson's disease (PD), with roughly another 50,000 receiving new diagnoses each year. 70%–90% of these people also have the hypokinetic dysarthria associated with PD. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) substantially relieves motor symptoms in advanced-stage patients for whom medication produces disabling dyskinesias. …”
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Testing rTMS-Induced Neuroplasticity: A Single Case Study of Focal Hand Dystonia by Sonia Betti, Andrea Spoto, Umberto Castiello, Luisa Sartori

“…This single case study supports the safe and effective use of noninvasive brain stimulation in neurologic patients and highlights the importance of evaluating outcomes in measurable ways. …”
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Hippocampal Neurogenesis and the Brain Repair Response to Brief Stereotaxic Insertion of a Microneedle by Shijie Song, Shuojing Song, Chuanhai Cao, Xiaoyang Lin, Kunyu Li, Vasyl Sava, Juan Sanchez-Ramos

“…This study describes immediate and early humoral and cellular mechanisms of the brain’s response to microinjury that will be useful for the investigation of potential neuroprotective and deleterious effects of deep brain stimulation in various neuropsychiatric disorders.…”
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Psychiatric and Behavioral Complications of GPi DBS in an Adolescent with Myoclonus Dystonia by Graciela Kriegel, Melanie I. Stuckey

“…Myoclonus dystonia is a rare movement disorder that often causes significant disability. Deep brain stimulation of the internal pallidum (GPi DBS) is a recommended treatment for those who do not respond to pharmacotherapy or who have intolerable side effects. …”
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N2GNet tracks gait performance from subthalamic neural signals in Parkinson’s disease by Jin Woo Choi, Chuyi Cui, Kevin B. Wilkins, Helen M. Bronte-Stewart

“…Abstract Adaptive deep brain stimulation (DBS) provides individualized therapy for people with Parkinson’s disease (PWP) by adjusting the stimulation in real-time using neural signals that reflect their motor state. …”
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Treatment Tactics for Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease: A Literature Review by Daiva Milmantienė

“…Non-pharmacological treatment may include electroconvulsive therapy, deep brain stimulation, and transcranial direct current stimulation. …”
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Regulatory Mechanism for Absence Seizures in Bidirectional Interactive Thalamocortical Model via Different Targeted Therapy Schemes by Hudong Zhang, Xiaolong Tan, Yufeng Pan, Yuan Chai

“…Regulatory mechanism for absence seizures is further applied to CTMBC via four different targeted therapy schemes, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), charge-balanced biphasic pulse (CBBP), coordinated reset stimulation (CRS) 1 : 0, and (CRS) 3 : 2. …”
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Maladaptive Plasticity for Motor Recovery after Stroke: Mechanisms and Approaches by Naoyuki Takeuchi, Shin-Ichi Izumi

“…To minimize this maladaptive plasticity, rehabilitation programs should be selected according to the motor impairment of stroke patients. Noninvasive brain stimulation might also be useful for correcting maladaptive plasticity after stroke. …”
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Intervention and assessment of executive dysfunction in patients with stroke: A scoping review. by Katsuya Sakai, Yuichiro Hosoi, Junpei Tanabe

“…Interventions varied from cognitive training (22.2%), virtual reality (22.2%), noninvasive brain stimulation (14.8%), and dual-task training (11.1%), with consistent results. …”
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Critical Aspects of Clinical Trial Design for Novel Cell and Gene Therapies by Zinovia Kefalopoulou, Iciar Aviles-Olmos, Thomas Foltynie

“…Beyond the provision of symptomatic efficacy and safety data, it also remains to be identified whether the possibilities offered by stem cell and gene therapy technological advances might translate to meaningful neuroprotection and/or disease-modifying effects or alleviate the nonmotor aspects of PD and thus offer additional benefits beyond those achieved through conventional pharmacotherapy or deep brain stimulation (DBS).…”
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Application of Different Stimulation Targets in the Rehabilitation of Parkinson's Disease Mediated by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation by ZHU Yulian, XI Chong

“…Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method which is considered as a promising treatment method and has shown clinical efficacies in improving bradykinesia, balance function, gait and cognitive function of PD patients. …”
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Multi-session tDCS over the posterior parietal cortex and associative memory. by Luka Juras, Marina Martinčević, Uroš Konstantinović, Saša R Filipović, Andrea Vranić, Jovana Bjekić

“…Associative memory (AM) plays a crucial role in our ability to link disparate elements of our experiences, yet it is especially vulnerable to age-related decline and pathological conditions. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), particularly transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), has been investigated as a potential intervention to enhance cognitive functions, including AM. …”
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Progress on neuromodulation for treatment of rare movement disorders by DONG Wen⁃wen, QIU Chang, XU Yi⁃chen, YANG An⁃chao, ZHANG Wen⁃bin

“…However, the emergence of neuromodulation technique such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) offers new hope for patients with rare movement disorders. …”
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Transcranial direct current stimulation improves time perception in children with ADHD by Vahid Nejati, Fateme Mirikaram, Michael A. Nitsche

“…In the present study, we aimed to explore if modulation of the excitability of these areas with non-invasive brain stimulation alters time perception in ADHD. Twenty-six children with ADHD performed time discrimination and time estimation/reproduction tasks in five sessions with one week interval and specific tDCS conditions. …”
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