Original Approach for Automated Quantification of Antinuclear Autoantibodies by Indirect Immunofluorescence by Daniel Bertin, Noémie Jourde-Chiche, Pierre Bongrand, Nathalie Bardin

“…Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) is the gold standard method for the detection of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) which are essential markers for the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. For the discrimination of positive and negative samples, we propose here an original approach named Immunofluorescence for Computed Antinuclear antibody Rational Evaluation (ICARE) based on the calculation of a fluorescence index (FI). …”
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Atypical Celiac Disease: From Recognizing to Managing by B. Admou, L. Essaadouni, K. Krati, K. Zaher, M. Sbihi, L. Chabaa, B. Belaabidia, A. Alaoui-Yazidi

“…The availability of high-sensitive and specific serologic tests such as antitissue transglutuminase, antiendomysium, and more recent antideamidated, gliadin peptide antibodies permits to efficiently uncover a large portion of the submerged CD iceberg, including individuals having conditions associated with a high risk of developing CD (type 1 diabetes, autoimmune diseases, Down syndrome, family history of CD, etc.), biologic abnormalities (iron deficiency anemia, abnormal transaminase levels, etc.), and extraintestinal symptoms (short stature, neuropsychiatric disorders, alopecia, dental enamel hypoplasia, recurrent aphtous stomatitis, etc.). …”
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STRIAA (Severity TRichoscopy Index Alopecia Areata): Validation of a Novel Trichoscopic Tool for Evaluation of Alopecia Areata by Michela Starace, Francesca Pampaloni, Federico Quadrelli, Stephano Cedirian, Luca Rapparini, Francesca Bruni, Bianca Maria Piraccini

“…Abstract Introduction Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring autoimmune disease characterized by patchy hair loss. …”
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Current and Future Perspectives of PD-1/PDL-1 Blockade in Cancer Immunotherapy by Rangarirai Makuku, Neda Khalili, Sepideh Razi, Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi, Nima Rezaei

“…We also discuss the adverse events associated with PD-1/L1/2 inhibitors, ranging from severe life-threatening conditions such as autoimmune myocarditis to mild and moderate reactions such as skin rashes, and explore the potential strategies for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy with PD-1/L1 checkpoint inhibitors.…”
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Altered Autophagy-Associated Genes Expression in T Cells of Oral Lichen Planus Correlated with Clinical Features by Ya-Qin Tan, Jing Zhang, Ge-Fei Du, Rui Lu, Guan-Ying Chen, Gang Zhou

“…Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated inflammatory autoimmune disease. Autophagy has emerged as a fundamental trafficking event in mediating T cell response, which plays crucial roles in innate and adaptive immunity. …”
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Expression profiles of miR-101-3p and miR-431-5p as potential diagnostic biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis by Mohamed M. Sadaty, Salma M. Mekhemer, Shaimaa Abdel-Ghany, Amira R. El-Ansary, Rana Mohamed, Nashaat N. Kamal, Hussein Sabit

“…Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent inflammation of the synovial joints, leading to cartilage and bone destruction. …”
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A human oral commensal-mediated protection against Sjögren’s syndrome with maintenance of T cell immune homeostasis and improved oral microbiota by Yu-Chao Tseng, Kai-Sheng Liao, Wei-ting Lin, Chin Li, Chia-Bin Chang, Jie-Wei Hsu, Chin-Pui Chan, Chun-Ming Chen, Hon-Pin Wang, Hsiu-Chuan Chien, Jann-Tay Wang, Song-Chou Hsieh, Shu-Fen Wu

“…Abstract Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a prevalent systemic autoimmune disease with substantial impacts on women’s health worldwide. …”
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Lipid Peroxidation-Mediated Inflammation Promotes Cell Apoptosis through Activation of NF-κB Pathway in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Cells by Geng Yin, Ying Wang, Xiao-min Cen, Min Yang, Yan Liang, Qi-bing Xie

“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of multiple joints. …”
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Exosomal miRNAs involvement in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by Mahvash Sadeghi, Jalil Tavakol Afshari, Afsane Fadaee, Mohammadreza Dashti, Fatemeh Kheradmand, Sajad Dehnavi, Mojgan Mohammadi

“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic autoimmune arthropathy worldwide. The initiation, and progression of RA involves multiple cellular and molecular pathways, and biological interactions. …”
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Neutrophil Function in an Inflammatory Milieu of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Weiqian Chen, Qin Wang, Yini Ke, Jin Lin

“…Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against citrullinated protein antigens and proinflammatory cytokines which cause chronic synovitis, bone erosion, and eventual deformity; however, the precise etiology of RA is unclear. …”
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A Case of Severe and Refractory Membranous Nephropathy Associated to Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid by Eric Mereniuk, Laura Sabbah, Jean-Paul Makhzoum

“…Primary membranous nephropathy (MN) and mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) are two autoimmune conditions with well-defined diagnostic and treatment guidelines. …”
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Claudin-11 regulates immunological barrier formation and spermatogonial proliferation through stem cell factor by Taichi Sugawara, Kayoko Sonoda, Nattapran Chompusri, Kazuhiro Noguchi, Seiji Okada, Mikio Furuse, Tomohiko Wakayama

“…Abstract Tight junctions (TJs) between adjacent Sertoli cells are believed to form immunological barriers that protect spermatogenic cells expressing autoantigens from autoimmune responses. However, there is no direct evidence that Sertoli cell TJs (SCTJs) do indeed form immunological barriers. …”
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Atypical Endobronchial Carcinoid with Postobstructive Pneumonia Obscuring the Diagnosis of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis by Robert Ali, Candice Baldeo, Jesse Onyenekwe, Roshan Lala, Cristian Landa, Anwer Siddiqi

“…Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), previously termed Wegener’s Granulomatosis, is an autoimmune small vessel vasculitis which is highly associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and has varied clinical manifestations. …”
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Genetic Background of Immune Complications after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children by Szymon Skoczen, Miroslaw Bik-Multanowski, Jacek J. Pietrzyk, Agnieszka Grabowska, Kamil Fijorek, Wojciech Strojny, Kinga Klus-Kwiecinska, Walentyna Balwierz, Maciej Siedlar

“…Pathway enrichment analysis revealed upregulation of five pathways after HSCT: allograft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, type I diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroid disease, and viral myocarditis. The activation of those pathways seems to be related to immune reactions commonly observed after HSCT. …”
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A Case Report of an Atypical Presentation of IgG4-Related Disease and Idiopathic CD4 Lymphocytopenia by Francesco Rapisarda, Luca Zanoli, Grazia Portale, Salvo Scuto, Pietro Castellino

“…Idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia has been associated with a number of autoimmune conditions but, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in which an association with the IgG4-related disease is reported.…”
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sNASP Mutation Aggravates to the TLR4-Mediated Inflammation in SLE by TAK1 Pathway by Yatao Bao, Meng Lian, Yong Chen, Xiaotian Gu, Kunyu Cao, Xiaoping Du, Jiyu Ju

“…Collectively, our study revealed the impact of sNASP gene mutation on the sensitivity of TLR4 receptors in mouse peritoneal macrophages and shed light on potential mechanisms underlying inflammation in autoimmune diseases.…”
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Coexistence of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease and IgA nephropathy: an illustrative case and comprehensive literature review by Zewei Chen, Dechao Xu, Fangzheng Cui, Huihui Hou, Zhiguo Mao, Xiang Gao

“…Anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease is a rare autoimmune condition characterized by the presence of positive anti-GBM autoantibodies, linear deposition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) along the GBM and severe kidney injury. …”
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Immunogenetic Study in Chinese Population with Ankylosing Spondylitis: Are There Specific Genes Recently Disclosed? by Jiayu Zhai, Ju Rong, Qiuxia Li, Jieruo Gu

“…Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a systemic, autoimmune disease resulting in the destruction of the affected joints. …”
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GITR-GITRL System, A Novel Player in Shock and Inflammation by Ludovic Tibor Krausz, Rodolfo Bianchini, Simona Ronchetti, Katia Fettucciari, Giuseppe Nocentini, Carlo Riccardi

“…Recent evidence suggests that the GITR/GITRL system participates in the development of inflammatory responses, including shock, either due to early response of neutrophils and macrophages, or together with autoimmune/allergic pathogenesis. The pro-inflammatory role of the GITR/GITRL system is due to: 1) modulation of the extravasation process, 2) activation of innate immunity cells, 3) activation of effector T cells also favored by partial inhibition of suppressor T cells and modulation of dendritic function. …”
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Diphenhydramine as a Cause of Drug-Induced Liver Injury by Yunseok Namn, Yecheskel Schneider, Isabelle H. Cui, Arun Jesudian

“…A thorough workup of liver injury ruled out viral hepatitis (including A, B, C, and E), autoimmune, toxic, ischemic, and metabolic etiologies including Wilson’s disease. …”
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