Iodine Supplementation: Usage “with a Grain of Salt” by Alessandro Prete, Rosa Maria Paragliola, Salvatore Maria Corsello

“…Iodine-induced thyroid disorders include thyroid autoimmunity, thyrotoxicosis, iodine-induced goiter, and hypothyroidism. …”
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The Prevalence of Autoantibodies in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type I by Maaike Dirckx, Marco W. J. Schreurs, Marissa de Mos, Dirk L. Stronks, Frank J. P. M. Huygen

“…Autoimmunity has been suggested as one of the pathophysiologic mechanisms that may underlie complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). …”
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Lower Frequency of CD62Lhigh and Higher Frequency of TNFR2+ Tregs Are Associated with Inflammatory Conditions in Type 1 Diabetic Patients by Monika Ryba, Karolina Rybarczyk-Kapturska, Katarzyna Zorena, Małgorzata Myśliwiec, Jolanta Myśliwska

“…Diabetes type 1 is a chronic autoimmune disease in which insulin-producing cells are gradually destroyed by autoreactive T cells. …”
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The Lipid Parameters and Lipoprotein(a) Excess in Hashimoto Thyroiditis by D. O. Yetkin, B. Dogantekin

“…The risk of atherosclerotic heart disease is increased in autoimmune thyroiditis, although the reason is not clear. …”
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Inborn errors of immunity (primary immunodeficiencies) by Vy H. D. Kim, Julia E. M. Upton, Beata Derfalvi, Kyla J. Hildebrand, Christine McCusker

“…Research in recent years has underscored how IEI can present with features other than infection such as: severe atopy, autoimmunity, autoinflammation, lymphoproliferation, and/or malignancy resulting from immune dysregulation. …”
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Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies and Male Gender Are Associated with Diabetes Occurrence in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major by Giovanni M. Pes, Francesco Tolu, Maria P. Dore

“…Age, gender, duration of chelation therapy, body mass index, and markers of pancreatic and extrapancreatic autoimmunity were analyzed. Results. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies (Ab) (OR = 3.36; p=0.008) and male gender (OR = 1.98; p=0.025) were significantly associated with glucose impairment, while the other variables were not. …”
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Balancing Inflammation: The Link between Th17 and Regulatory T Cells by Maggie L. Diller, Ragini R. Kudchadkar, Keith A. Delman, David H. Lawson, Mandy L. Ford

“…The balance between these two cell populations is essential for immune homeostasis and dysregulation of this balance has been implicated in a variety of inflammatory conditions including autoimmunity, allograft rejection, and tumorigenesis. …”
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CUZD1 and Anti-CUZD1 Antibodies as Markers of Cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases by Christos Liaskos, Eirini I. Rigopoulou, Timoklia Orfanidou, Dimitrios P. Bogdanos, Christos N. Papandreou

“…CUZD1 appears to be one of the relatively few biomarkers that serve as both cancer biomarker and autoantigen of autoantibodies in an autoimmune disease unrelated to cancerous organs. This review discusses the role of CUZD1 in cancer and autoimmunity. …”
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An HLA-Transgenic Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes That Incorporates the Reduced but Not Abolished Thymic Insulin Expression Seen in Patients by Jeffrey Babad, Riyasat Ali, Jennifer Schloss, Teresa P. DiLorenzo

“…Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by T cell-mediated destruction of the pancreatic islet beta cells. …”
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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disorder due to a Novel Mutation in Recombination Activation Gene 2: About 2 Cases by Ibtihal Benhsaien, Fatima Ailal, Khadija Elazhary, Jalila El bakkouri, Abdallah Badou, Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha

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Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions: How p-i transforms pharmacology into immunology by Werner J. Pichler

“…P-i activation differs from classical antigen-driven immune reactions: a) drug binding induces structural changes in TCR-HLA proteins which make them look like allo-like TCR-HLA-complexes, able to elicit allo-like stimulations of T cells with cytotoxicity and IFNγ production, notably without the involvement of innate immunity; b) drug binding to TCR and/or HLA can increase the affinity of TCR-HLA interactions, which may affect signaling and IL-5 production by CD4+ T cells, and thus contribute to eosinophilia commonly found in dDHRs or induce oligoclonal T cell expansions; c) Both, antigen and p-i stimulations can induce eosinophil- or neutrophil-rich inflammations; but these stimulations should be distinguished as their underlying mechanism and development differ; and d) p-i stimulation can – like graft versus host reactions – result in long-lasting T-cell activations, which can lead to viremia, occasional autoimmunity, or a new syndrome characterized by multiple drug hypersensitivity (MDH).In summary, dDHRs are not allergic reactions but represent peculiar T-cell activations, similar to allo-like stimulations. …”
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Lipid Antigens: Revealing the Hidden Players in Adaptive Immune Responses by Tamana Eskandari, Yasamin Eivazzadeh, Fatemeh Khaleghinia, Fatemeh Kashi, Valentyn Oksenych, Dariush Haghmorad

“…Lipid trafficking, CD1 molecule interactions, and the immune system’s response to lipid antigens are yet to be completely understood, particularly in the context of autoimmunity and microbial infections. In the years to come, continued research efforts are needed to uncover its underlying biological mechanisms and to exploit the full potential of therapies directed against lipid antigens.…”
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Treatment of Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Lihua Duan, Liying Chen, Shan Zhong, Ying Wang, Yan Huang, Yan He, Jie Chen, Guixiu Shi

“…Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus (BSLE) is an autoantibody-mediated vesiculobullous disease in patients with SLE. Autoimmunity in BSLE is characterized by the presence of circulating anti-type VII collagen antibodies. …”
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Automatic Generation of Validated Specific Epitope Sets by Sebastian Carrasco Pro, John Sidney, Sinu Paul, Cecilia Lindestam Arlehamn, Daniela Weiskopf, Bjoern Peters, Alessandro Sette

“…Accurate measurement of B and T cell responses is a valuable tool to study autoimmunity, allergies, immunity to pathogens, and host-pathogen interactions and assist in the design and evaluation of T cell vaccines and immunotherapies. …”
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RNA editing regulates host immune response and T cell homeostasis in SARS-CoV-2 infection. by Molly Huang, Adam Mark, Jessica Pham, Karina Vera, Amanda M Saravia-Butler, Afshin Beheshti, Qingfei Jiang, Kathleen M Fisch

“…Adenosine to inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing by ADAR1 has been implicated in maintaining self-tolerance, preventing autoimmunity, and mediating antiviral immunity. Foreign viral double-stranded RNA triggers rapid interferon response and activates ADAR1 in the host immune system. …”
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Tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cell: A promising therapeutic target in tumor microenvironment by Tianning Huang, Fan Li, Yiming Wang, Jian Gu, Ling Lu, Peifang Wei

“…Regulatory T cell (Tregs) predominantly maintain the immune balance and prevent autoimmunity via their immunosuppressive functions. However, tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TI-Tregs) may mediate tumor immune tolerance in complex tumor microenvironments, resulting in poor prognosis. …”
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Treatment advances in Vitiligo: An Updated Review by Ishrat Binti Ismail, Yasmeen Jabeen Bhat, Mohd Shurjeel ul Islam

“…The etiopathogenesis of this disorder is obscure, but multiple factors contribute to the loss of melanocytes in the skin, like oxidative stress, inflammation, genetics, and autoimmunity. The treatment of vitiligo has been challenging over the past years, but recent developments in understanding the etiopathogenesis of the disease have paved the way for the development of more effective and promising therapeutic treatment options. …”
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ABIN1 Inhibits Inflammation through Necroptosis-Dependent Pathway in Ulcerative Colitis by Jing Bao, Bin Ye, Yuhan Ren

“…A recent study revealed that an ubiquitin binding protein ABIN1 played a role in tissue homeostasis and autoimmunity diseases which involved in the anti-inflammatory response of intestinal epithelia cells. …”
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Transient Antiphospholipid Syndrome Associated with Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review by Tsuyoshi Nakayama, Mitsuteru Akahoshi, Kensuke Irino, Yasutaka Kimoto, Yojiro Arinobu, Hiroaki Niiro, Hiroshi Tsukamoto, Takahiko Horiuchi, Koichi Akashi

“…Viral infection is known to induce transient autoimmunity in humans. Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is implicated in occasional thrombosis formation. …”
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Intrinsic assurance: a systematic approach towards extensible cybersecurity by Xunxun CHEN, Mingzhe LI, Ning LYU, Liang HUANG

“…At present, the mainstream cyber security systems are laid out in an alienated style, where security functions are separated from business processes, and security products are isolated from each other.It is difficult to effectively cope with increasingly complicated cyber threats in this architecture.Therefore, it is imperative to move security inward for more resilient and secure network infrastructures.Business scenarios of the cybersecurity sector can be categorized into four perspectives: organization, vendor, regulatory and threat, each of which has different business objectives.Starting from the commonness and individuality of the four perspectives, the needs of this sector was systematically summarized and then the goal of building an extensible cybersecurity capability ecosystem was recognized.As the key to this goal, the intrinsic assurance methodology was proposed.Intrinsic assurance capabilities referred to the abilities of ICT components to natively support security functions such as monitoring, protection and traceability.But intrinsic assurance is not the ultimate security implementation itself, which is a key difference from the existing “endogenous security” or “designed-in security” methodologies.Intrinsic assurance emphasizes the inherent security enabling endowment of network components, whether by activating an innate gift or by encapsulating a given one, both of which logically exhibit autoimmunity from an external viewpoint.One advantage of such a component is the cohesion of business and security, which leads to transparent security posture awareness, customized security policies, and close-fitting security protection.It also simplifies the overall engineering architecture and reduces management complexity through encapsulation of multiple functions into a singleton.Additionally, the Intrinsic Assurance Support Capability Framework was put forward, which summarized and enumerated the security capabilities that conformed to the intrinsic assurance concept.This framework classified the security capabilities into five categories, namely collection, cognition, execution, syndication and resilience respectively, together with their sub-types and underlying ICT technologies.Based on this framework, the enhanced implementations of typical security business scenarios was further introduced in light of intrinsic assurance.…”
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