Role and Function of T Cell-Derived Exosomes and Their Therapeutic Value by Yuanyuan Shao, Xiaofeng Pan, Rong Fu

“…In the more than three decades since the discovery of exosomes, several studies have revealed that T cell-derived exosomes play a novel role in cell-to-cell signaling, especially in inflammatory responses, autoimmunity, and infectious diseases. In this review, we will summarize the function of T cell-derived exosomes and their therapeutic potential.…”
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Collagen XVII: A Shared Antigen in Neurodermatological Interactions? by Allan Seppänen

“…In addition, collagen XVII has been found to be present in the central nervous system, thus offering an explanation for the statistical association between bullous pemphigoid, in which autoimmunity is directed against dermal collagen XVII, and neurological diseases. …”
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Anti-Inflammatory and Immunoregulatory Functions of Artemisinin and Its Derivatives by Chenchen Shi, Haipeng Li, Yifu Yang, Lifei Hou

“…In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion on recent advances of artemisinin derivatives affecting inflammation and autoimmunity, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and also drug development of artemisinins beyond antimalarial functions.…”
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IPEX as a Result of Mutations in FOXP3 by Hans J. J. van der Vliet, Edward E. Nieuwenhuis

“…Immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the FOXP3 gene that result in the defective development of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells which constitute an important T cell subset involved in immune homeostasis and protection against autoimmunity. Their deficiency is the hallmark of IPEX and leads to severe autoimmune phenomena including autoimmune enteropathy, dermatitis, thyroiditis, and type 1 diabetes, frequently resulting in death within the first 2 years of life. …”
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Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathways—Therapeutic Opportunities by Jiankun Zhu, Chandra Mohan

“…However, aberrant activation of TLR signaling has a significant impact on the onset of cancer, allergy, sepsis and autoimmunity. Various adaptor proteins, including MyD88, IRAKs, TIRAP, TRIF, and TRAM, are involved in specific TLR signaling pathways. …”
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Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Participate in Preventing Graft Rejection by Yan Wang, Xiaodong Gu, Jianbin Xiang, Zongyou Chen

“…MDSCs accumulate during tumor progression, autoimmunity, chronic infection, transplantation, and other pathological conditions and can potently suppress T-cell function. …”
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The Role of MIF in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Yuriko I. Sánchez-Zamora, Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa

“…Autoimmunity and chronic low-grade inflammation are hallmarks of diabetes mellitus type one (T1DM) and type two (T2DM), respectively. …”
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Fractalkine and Other Chemokines in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis by Shinji Shimoda, Carlo Selmi, M. Eric Gershwin

“…Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by the autoimmune injury of small intrahepatic bile duct. On this basis, it has been suggested that the targeted biliary epithelial cells (BEC) play an active role in the perpetuation of autoimmunity by attracting immune cells via chemokine secretion. …”
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Polyarteritis Nodosa Presenting as Digital Gangrene and Breast Lesion following Exposure to Silicone Breast Implants by Yamen Homsi, John Andrew Carlson, Samer Homsi

“…More robust research is needed to understand the connection between silicone breast implants and autoimmunity.…”
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Homeostatic T Cell Proliferation after Islet Transplantation by Paolo Monti, Lorenzo Piemonti

“…In this review, we will discuss how homeostatic T cell proliferation can support autoimmunity recurrence after islet transplantation and how it can be targeted by new therapeutic approaches.…”
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Elusive modes of Foxp3 activity in versatile regulatory T cells by Minghong He, Yongqiang Feng

“…Foxp3-expressing CD4 regulatory T (Treg) cells play a crucial role in suppressing autoimmunity, tolerating food antigens and commensal microbiota, and maintaining tissue integrity. …”
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Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an AIDS Patient with Kaposi Sarcoma: A Treatment Dilemma by Oluwadunni E. Emiloju, Sorab Gupta, Vivian Arguello-Guerra, Claudia Dourado

“…Genetic causes are responsible for primary hemophagocytosis, but malignancies, infections, and autoimmunity underlie most of the secondary cases. We present an unusual case of a patient with AIDS and disseminated Kaposi sarcoma who was commenced on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but developed HLH secondary to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). …”
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Induction of Immunological Tolerance by Oral Anti-CD3 by Andre Pires da Cunha, Howard L. Weiner

“…In recent years, our knowledge about immunoregulation and autoimmunity has significantly advanced, but nontoxic and more effective treatments for different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are still lacking. …”
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CD1-Restricted T Cells at the Crossroad of Innate and Adaptive Immunity by Catia S. Pereira, M. Fatima Macedo

“…Lipid antigens originate from either self-tissues or foreign sources, such as bacteria, fungus, or plants and their recognition by CD1-restricted T cells has important implications in infection but also in cancer and autoimmunity. In this review, we describe the characteristics of CD1 molecules and CD1-restricted lipid-specific T cells, highlighting the innate-like and adaptive-like features of different CD1-restricted T cell subtypes.…”
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Immunopathological Basis of Virus-induced Myocarditis by Reinhard Maier, Philippe Krebs, Burkhard Ludewig

“…CVB3-induced acute myocarditis is most likely the consequence of direct virus-induced myocyte damage, whereas chronic CVB3 infection-associated heart disease is dominated by its immunopathological sequelae. Bona fide autoimmunity, for example, directed against cardiac myosin, may favor chronic destructive immune damage in the heart muscle and thereby promote the development of DCM. …”
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Proteomic and serologic assessments of responses to mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccines in human recipient sera by Thomas E. Hickey, Uma Mudunuri, Heidi A. Hempel, Troy J. Kemp, Nancy V. Roche, Keyur Talsania, Brian A. Sellers, James M. Cherry, Ligia A. Pinto

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Modulation of Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis by Nitric Oxide and Antioxidants by Audrey Dooley, K. Richard Bruckdorfer, David J. Abraham

“…Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma: SSc) is a multisystem, connective tissue disease of unknown aetiology characterized by vascular dysfunction, autoimmunity, and enhanced fibroblast activity resulting in fibrosis of the skin, heart, and lungs, and ultimately internal organ failure, and death. …”
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Post-COVID-19 Dermatomyositis: A Delayed Reaction That Evades Early Detection by Nur Ili Syazwani MD HADIS, Siti Suhaila MOHD YUSOFF, Rosediani MUHAMAD, Fatin Hanani CHE JUHA

“…Viral infections may cause autoimmunity and trigger the pathogenesis of myositis. …”
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Targeting Toll-Like Receptors for Treatment of SLE by Christopher G. Horton, Zi-jian Pan, A. Darise Farris

“…Genome-wide association studies, single nucleotide polymorphism analyses as well as experimental mouse models have provided evidence of TLR signaling involvement in SLE and other autoimmune diseases. Since activation of these receptor pathways promotes autoimmune phenotypes, inhibitory drugs that target these pathways constitute important new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of systemic autoimmunity.…”
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Unveiling the endogenous CRISPR-Cas system in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. by Javier Alejandro Delgado-Nungaray, Luis Joel Figueroa-Yáñez, Eire Reynaga-Delgado, Ana Montserrat Corona-España, Orfil Gonzalez-Reynoso

“…One self-targeting spacer was identified, often associated with bacterial evolution and autoimmunity, and no Acr proteins. This research opens avenues for studying how these CRISPR arrays regulate pathogenicity and for developing alternative strategies using its endogenous orphan CRISPR system against carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains.…”
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