Elbow Injuries Among MLB Pitchers Increased During Covid-19 Disrupted Season, But Not Other Baseball Injuries by Chelsea Martin, Jozef Palasiewicz, Jesse Grullon, Ellen Shanley, Charles Thigpen, Daniel Kline, Stefan Kluzek, Gary Collins, Garrett Bullock

“…Incidence rate (IR), reported by 1000 x Athlete-Game Exposures (AGEs), was calculated for each season, and stratified by position and body region. …”
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Shoulder Strength and Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test Performance in Division III Collegiate Baseball and Softball Players. by David T. Schilling, Ashraf M. Elazzazi

“…CKCUEST power may be considered for the evaluation of athletes. # Level of Evidence Level III…”
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Assessing Active and Passive Glenohumeral Rotational Deficits in Professional Tennis Players: Use of Normative Values at 90° and 45° of Abduction to Make Decisions in Injury-Preven... by Maite Terré, Juliette Tlaiye, Monica Solana-Tramunt

“…Both GIRDs and GERDs should be considered as a percentage of the athlete’s own deficit in IR or ER, instead of referencing specific degrees that have been observed in baseball pitchers.…”
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Interdigital and Plantar Foot Infections: A Retrospective Analysis of Molecularly Diagnosed Specimens in the United States and a Literature Review by Aditya K. Gupta, Tong Wang, Sara A. Lincoln, Wayne L. Bakotic

“…Up to one-quarter of the United States population is affected by tinea pedis (athlete’s foot). Tinea pedis of the web space (interdigital tinea pedis) is a common clinical presentation causing skin macerations and fissures. …”
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Interpersonal Coordination between Female Soccer Players: Leader-Follower Roles within a Collision-Avoidance Task by Courtney A Fernandes, Grant E Norte, Sarah M Schwab, Alli Gokeler, Amanda Murray, David M Bazett-Jones, David A Sherman

“…# Background/Purpose Return to sport decision-making may be improved by assessing an athlete's ability to coordinate movement with opponents in sport. …”
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Biomechanical Basis of Interval Throwing Programs for Baseball Pitchers: A Systematic Review by Travis Dias, Benjamin G. Lerch, Jonathan S. Slowik, Kevin E. Wilk, James R. Andrews, E. Lyle Cain, Glenn S. Fleisig

“…If the athlete is a baseball pitcher, the flat-ground throwing phase is followed by pitching on a mound at progressively increased effort. …”
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Influences of Different Drop Height Training on Lower Extremity Kinematics and Stiffness during Repetitive Drop Jump by I-Lin Wang, Yi-Ming Chen, Ke-Ke Zhang, Yu-Ge Li, Yu Su, Chou Wu, Chun-Sheng Ho

“…Twenty healthy male Division III athlete volunteers were selected as subjects, and 200 drop jumps (DJs200) were performed from DJH30, DJH40, and DJH50. …”
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Return to Play Assessment After Lateral Ankle Sprains – German Male Elite Youth Football (Soccer) Academy Baseline Data by Zacharias Flore, Götz Welsch, Hendrik Bloch

“…A secondary aim was to investigate the use of the Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) as a method to determine whether an athlete passes a performance test or not. # Study Design Observational Cohort study # Methods Baseline data of performance tests (Y-Balance \[YBT-LQ], Heel Rise \[HRT]; Singe Leg Squat \[SLST]; Single Leg Drop Jump \[SLDJ]; Side Hop \[SHT]; Figure of 8 Hop \[F-8]; Modified Agility T-Test \[MAT]) were assessed in 20 elite youth football players, aged 16-21 years. …”
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Influence of phase and dominance on ground reaction forces and upper extremity muscle activity during the modified-Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test by T. De Sousa, Y. Blache, M. Degot, I. Rogowski

“…Methods Twenty-five male multisport athletes (age: 26.0 ± 11.3 years; mass: 77.8 ± 23.3 kg; height: 179.0 ± 6.5 cm) performed the modified-CKCUEST, i.e. hands at half span apart. …”
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A consort‐guided randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial on the effects of 6 weeks training on heart rate variability in thoroughbred horses by Emma Santosuosso, Renaud Léguillette, Sierra Shoemaker, Ryan Baumwart, Sierra Temple, Kaneesha Hemmerling, Tessa Kell, Warwick Bayly

“…Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to monitor human athlete's training, but its value is unknown in horses. …”
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Male-assisted training and injury patterns: hypergraph-enhanced analysis of injuries in women’s water polo by Xuehui Feng, Xuehui Feng, Zhibin Wang, Zhibin Wang, Zheng Wang, Zheng Wang, Chen He, Chen He, Hongxing Xun, Yuanfa Chen, Jie Ding, Jie Ding, Gen Chen, Gen Chen, Zhe Liu, Zhe Liu

“…A Hypergraph Neural Network (HGNN) was employed for pattern extraction, where each athlete was represented as a node in a hypergraph, with node dimensions capturing high-order relational embedding information. …”
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Safeguarding in Sport: The Performative Compliance of International Sports Federations by Carole Gomez, Lucie Schoch

“… Introduction For decades, cases of sexual abuse and harassment of athletes have been ignored or minimised due to silence, collusion, fear of reputational damage and ignorance (Mountjoy, 2016). …”
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Mega-events and the climate: what’s the game? by David Gogishvili, Martin Müller

“…Carbon intensity was calculated as total emissions divided by outputs, such as revenue and athletes, to show the amount of carbon emitted per unit of production, providing a standardized measure across different activities and sectors. …”
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Sports and Games Union Policy by Kabale University

“…d) Fundamental life skills, sports is rich in values and virtues that help shape participating athletes into more productive self-worth and confident citizens. …”
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Pengaruh Pemberian Susu Coklat Terhadap Kadar F2Isoprostan pada Siswa di Pusat Pendidikan dan Latihan Olahraga Pelajar (PPLP) Sumatera Barat by Dezi Ilham, Afriwardi , Eti Yerizel

“…This study was an experimental pre and<br />post test control group design to the 36 student athletes, who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. …”
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Assessment of Body Composition, Bone Density, and Biochemical Markers of a Natural Bodybuilder During Contest Preparation by Konstantinos Michailidis, Nikolaos Zaras, Dimitrios Balampanos, Alexandra Avloniti, Theodoros Stampoulis, Maria Protopapa, Dimitrios Pantazis, Nikolaos-Orestis Retzepis, Ilias Smilios, Athanasios Chatzinikolaou

“…This case study aimed to evaluate the body composition and several biochemical markers during a 7-month pre-competition training period of a natural male bodybuilder. The athlete monitored his nutrition, training variables, and daily physical activity during the preparation phase. …”
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Validity of a machine learning estimation of blood volumes during altitude training by Basile Moreillon, Bastien Krumm, Lena Mettraux, Julian Wackernell, James Spragg, Martin Faulhaber, Raphael Faiss

“…However, since individual athlete response differs widely, an adequate assessment of actual Hbmass and plasma volume (PV) changes is paramount. …”
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A Long-Term Study of Aerobic Performance in Elite Cross-Country Skiers: How Age and Sex Influence Career Development by Elias Bucher, Jon P. Wehrlin, Grégoire P. Millet, Thomas Steiner

“…These results highlight the importance of high initial VO₂max at the junior level and the greater trainability of LT2 and aerobic time-trial performance with the accumulation of specific training as athletes progress in their careers. References Bucher, E., Millet, G. …”
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Development and Evaluation of an AI-based Exergame Training System for Ice-Hockey Players: a Randomized Controlled Trial by Nicole Sieber, Simon Walser, Thomas Weber, Raphael Gubler, Hannes Badertscher, Patrick Eggenberger

“…EF are divided into the three core components cognitive flexibility, inhibition or interference control, and working memory (Diamond, 2013). Elite athletes perform better in EF tasks compared to non-elite athletes (Logan et al., 2023) and higher EF may predict future elite potential in young team sports athletes (Lundgren et al., 2016; Vestberg et al., 2012). …”
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Sport participation as an educational tool and a means of promoting physical, mental, and social well-being by Francesco Sgrò

“… Sidentop (1998) argued that an adequate and effective learning process in Sport Education[1] should lead to the development of competent, aware, and enthusiastic student-athletes[2]. In short, this means that boys and girls should learn to compete with fairness, respect the rules and their opponents, and become enthusiastic ambassadors of sports participation. …”
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