Exploring the nexus of migration dynamics and urban expansion: key drivers of horizontal spatial growth in Woldia Township, Ethiopia by Mulu Fasigo Fente, Birhanu Girma Abebe, Mintesnot Gebeyehu Woldeamanuel

“…Ethiopia remains one of the least urbanized countries globally, although many of its urban centers, including Woldia, the capital of the North Wollo Zone, are undergoing rapid growth. Woldia has recently faced significant urban challenges due to its expanding horizontal growth. …”
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A Federated Learning Framework for Enhanced Data Security and Cyber Intrusion Detection in Distributed Network of Underwater Drones by Mansahaj Singh Popli, Rudra Pratap Singh, Navneet Kaur Popli, Mohammad Mamun

“…However, their deployment faces issues such as low bandwidth, high latency, signal attenuation, and intermittent connectivity due to mobility and water currents. …”
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Simplified Physical Stability Assessment of Chilean Mine Waste Storage Facilities Using GIS and AI: Application in the Antofagasta Region by Gabriel Hermosilla, Gabriel Villavicencio, Giovanni Cocca-Guardia, Vicente Aprigliano, Manuel Silva, Juan Carlos Quezada, Pierre Breul, Vinicius Minatogawa, Jaime Morales

“…Chile’s mining industry, a global leader in copper production, faces challenges due to increasing volumes of mining waste, particularly Waste Rock Dumps (WRD) and Leaching Waste Dumps (LWD). …”
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Insights into the Multidisciplinary Approach for Metastatic Acinic Cell Lung Carcinoma: The Pathologist’s Role in Romania Today by Dorela-Codruta Lazureanu, Amelia Burlea, Robert Barna, Daniela Cipu, Mihaela Pasca Fenesan, Ioan Icma, Marioara Cornianu

“…<b>Methods</b>: When clinicians are facing puzzling symptomatology in their patients, the main role of the multidisciplinary team in their review of oncological cases is to recommend imagistic-guided biopsies. …”
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Effects of Polypropylene and Date Palm Fiber Reinforcements on High Performance Concrete at Elevated Temperatures and Their Impact on Spalling Phenomena by Malek Hamda, Cherif Guergah, Abdelaziz Benmarce, Abderrahmane Khechekhouche, Antonio Marcos de Oliveira Siqueira, Júlio Cesar Costa Campos

“… Concrete, a widely utilized construction material, faces challenges related to thermal instability when exposed to fire-induced temperature variations. …”
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Research on 5G network base station site selection based on fruit fly optimization algorithm by Wei HUANG

“…Faced with the fact that the spatial distribution of buildings is not considered in the location of 5G network base stations, which makes the base station site selection effect unsatisfactory and leads to the problem of small coverage of base stations, a research method for 5G network base station site selection based on fruit fly optimization algorithm was proposed.The distance from the front line base station to the circular coverage center was calculated, and the satellite communication equipment was used to locate the return signal to obtain the optional position area of the rear base station.The energy consumption of data reception, transmission and aggregation were calculated, and the load balancing of base station data was ensured under the premise of balanced distribution of cellular units.A two-layer location model for base station site selection was built, constraints were set, and the optimal location of base station was determined.The fruit fly optimization algorithm was used to update the position, and after individual update iterative processing, it was not to fall into local optimization and obtain the fine base station site selection position.It can be seen from the experimental results that the minimum losses of the front line and rear base stations in this method are 50 dB and 70 dB, respectively, and the coverage radius of the base station is 6 km, which is consistent with the coverage of the ideal base station.…”
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Diversified modification strategies for sodium alginate-based probiotic-embedded gels and their potential for food applications by Kaili Wang, Wenjia Zhou, Jianing Zhai, Peng Du, Libo Liu, Shuang Li, Aili Li

“…Finally, this paper objectively points out the problems and challenges facing the current research on SA-based microencapsulation delivery system. …”
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HDAC6 inhibitor-loaded brain-targeted nanocarrier-mediated neuroprotection in methamphetamine-driven Parkinson's disease by Khang-Yen Pham, Shristi Khanal, Ganesh Bohara, Nikesh Rimal, Sang-Hoon Song, Thoa Thi Kim Nguyen, In-Sun Hong, Jinkyung Cho, Jong-Sun Kang, Sooyeun Lee, Dong-Young Choi, Simmyung Yook

“…However, because of its poor water solubility and short biological half-life, it faces clinical limitations. Herein, we engineered lactoferrin-decorated CAY-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (denoted as PLGA@CAY@Lf NPs) to effectively counter methamphetamine (Meth)-induced PD. …”
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Dueling Network Architecture for GNN in the Deep Reinforcement Learning for the Automated ICT System Design by Tianchen Zhou, Yutaka Yakuwa, Natsuki Okamura, Hiroyuki Hochigai, Takayuki Kuroda, Ikuko Eguchi Yairi

“…The automated ICT system design model faces a fundamental challenge characterized by prolonged learning times, primarily attributable to the tendency to overestimate particular configurations owing to the scarcity of rewards despite the vast exploration space encompassing numerous possible combinations of ICT system components. …”
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Gender Disparities in Pandemic-Related Strains, Digital Coping Strategies, and Protective Mechanisms Among Rural-to-Urban Migrant Working Adolescents in China by Xinge Jia, Hua Zhong, Qian Wang, Qiaobing Wu

“…However, the association between pandemic-related challenges faced by migrant youth and their digital copings has yet to be investigated. …”
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An Improved Harmony Search Algorithm for Proactive Routing Protocol in VANET by Ravie Chandren Muniyandi, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Mustafa Raad Hammoodi, Ali Maroosi

“…However, the real-time implementation is still facing challenges to fulfill the quality of service (QoS) of VANET. …”
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Application of Nighttime Light Data Simulation Based on Multi-Indicator System and Machine Learning Model in Predicting Potentially Suitable Economic Development Areas: A Case Stud... by Guangpeng Zhang, Li Zhang, Yiyang Chen, Meng Chen, Jingjing Tian, Yin Wu

“…As a critical node along the Silk Road Economic Belt, the Turpan–Hami region has experienced rapid urban development under policy support but faces challenges in resource utilization efficiency and sustainable development. …”
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WGAN-DL-IDS: An Efficient Framework for Intrusion Detection System Using WGAN, Random Forest, and Deep Learning Approaches by Shehla Gul, Sobia Arshad, Sanay Muhammad Umar Saeed, Adeel Akram, Muhammad Awais Azam

“…While applying learning techniques to intrusion detection, researchers are facing challenges mainly due to the imbalanced training sets and the high dimensionality of datasets, resulting from the scarcity of attack data and longer training periods, respectively. …”
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Challenges and Prospects ofValue-Based Healthcare in Brazil by Cassia Rita Pereira da Veiga, Yasmin Yohana Saliba, Luciana Faluba Damázio, César Luiz Lacerda Abicalaffe, Fabio Rocha, Thales Stevan Guedes Furquim, Claudimar Pereira da Veiga

“…This paper presents the current status of the VBHC reality in the country and the challenges to be faced so that the Brazilian health system can seek the required transformation and anticipate its future needs.…”
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Differences in Determining Ramadan and Shawwal: A Discourse Analysis of the Book Nusus al-Akhyar fi al-Shaum Wa al-Ifthar by Ika Wahyu Ningsih, Fitri Febriyanti, Iqbal Ainur Rizki

“…Responding to the emergence of differences in the determination of 1418 H, KH Maimoen Zubair through his work Nusuus al-Akhyar fi Al-Shum wa Al-Iftihar intends to provide solutions to Muslims in Indonesia in facing the differences surrounding the determination of Eid al-Fitr. …”
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COVID-19 and mental distress among health professionals in eight European countries during the third wave: a cross-sectional survey by Frieder Dechent, Gwendolyn Mayer, Svenja Hummel, Steffen Moritz, Charles Benoy, Rosa Almeida, Raquel Losada Durán, Oscar Ribeiro, Vincenza Frisardi, Ilaria Tarricone, Silvia Ferrari, Cédric Lemogne, Christian Huber, Steffi Weidt, Jobst-Hendrik Schultz

“…Abstract Even during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic health professionals were facing mental health challenges. The aim of this study was to examine the mental health of doctors, nurses and other professional groups in Europe and to identify differences between the professional groups. …”
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Proceedings of the 14th European immunogenicity platform open symposium on immunogenicity of biopharmaceuticals by Sophie Tourdot, Daniel Baltrunkonis, Sofie Denies, Viswanath Devanarayan, Joanna Grudzinska-Goebel, Arno Kromminga, Gregor P. Lotz, Laurent Malherbe, Lydia Michaut, Karin N. Weldingh, Joao A. Pedras-Vasconcelos, Laura. I. Salazar-Fontana, Sebastian Spindeldreher, Zuben Sauna, Veerle Snoeck, Daniela Verthelyi, Daniel Kramer

“…With the rapid diversification and complexification of biologics, which today include modalities such as multi-domain antibodies, cell-based products, AAV delivery vectors, and nucleic acids, developers are faced with the challenge of establishing a risk assessment strategy sometimes in the absence of specific regulatory guidelines. …”
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Automated String Art Creation: Integrated Advanced Computational Techniques and Precision Art Designing by Spoorthi Singh, Navya T. Hegde, Mohammad Zuber, Yuvraj Singh Nain, Vishnu G. Nair

“…Key components of the machine include adaptive algorithms for real-time thread tension adjustments and transposed convolution layers for image processing, which enhance both the accuracy and aesthetic quality of the final artwork. The project faced challenges such as material selection, CAD design, and hardware-software interfacing, all of which were addressed through iterative design and validation processes. …”
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The Convergence of AI and animal-inspired robots for ecological conservation by Naqash Afzal, Mobeen ur Rehman, Lakmal Seneviratne, Irfan Hussain

“…This agility is crucial in addressing the rapidly evolving challenges faced by the ecosystems and species in the wild. …”
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DeepEye: An Automatic Big Data Visualization Framework by Xuedi Qin, Yuyu Luo, Nan Tang, Guoliang Li

“…An evolutionized system in the field faces the following three main challenges: (1) Visualization verification: to determine whether a visualization for a given dataset is interesting, from the viewpoint of human understanding; (2) Visualization search space: a "boring" dataset may become interesting after an arbitrary combination of operations such as selections, joins, and aggregations, among others; (3) On-time responses: do not deplete the user’s patience. …”
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