The Role of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis by Mohsin H. K. Roshan, Amos Tambo, Nikolai P. Pace

“…Furthermore, TLR9 also stimulates interferon-α (INF-α) secretion and increases cytotoxic activity of CD4+ T-cells towards coronary artery tunica media smooth muscle cells. This review outlines the pathophysiological role of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 in atherosclerosis, focusing on evidence from animal models of the disease.…”
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Cell-Type-Specific Differentiation and Molecular Profiles in Skin Transplantation: Implication of Medical Approach for Genetic Skin Diseases by Noritaka Oyama, Fumio Kaneko

“…Recent studies have emerged the importance of α-smooth muscle actin- (SMA-) positive myofibroblasts, via stage- and cell-specific contribution of TGFβ, PDGF, ET-1, CCN-2 signalling pathways, and mastocyte-derived mediators (e.g., histamine and tryptase), for the functional reorganisation of the grafted skin. …”
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Penile Rehabilitation after Pelvic Cancer Surgery by Fouad Aoun, Alexandre Peltier, Roland van Velthoven

“…Furthermore, no studies have proven an in vivo derangement of endothelial or smooth muscle cell metabolism secondary to a prolonged flaccid state. …”
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A Rare Case of Carotid Web Presenting with Ischemic Stroke in a Young Woman and a Brief Review of the Literature by Kyaw Kyaw, Htun Latt, Sammy San Myint Aung, Jay Babu, Rajesh Rangaswamy

“…It is histologically defined as atypical fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), with abnormal fibrosis and smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in the tunica intima. …”
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Rare Double Primary Malignancies: A Pancreatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Mimicking as a Metastatic Lesion of Myoepithelial Carcinoma of Parotid Gland by Vania Myralda Giamour Marbun, Indah Jamtani, Ening Krisnuhoni, Sonar Soni Panigoro

“…Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive staining for smooth-muscle actin (SMA) and CD34 in both parotid and pancreatic tissues. …”
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Plexiform Schwannoma of the Tongue in a Pediatric Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 2: A Case Report and Review of Literature by Samir M. Amer, Aijan Ukudeyeva, Harold S. Pine, Gerald A. Campbell, Cecilia G. Clement

“…Tumor cells were strongly positive for S-100 protein and negative for smooth muscle actin (SMA), and EMA highlighted perineural fibroblasts surrounding tumor nodules. …”
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Plays an Important Role in the Expression of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Neointimal Hyperplasia after Vascular Injury by Yu Peng, Qiang Li, Lu Zhang, Ming Bai, Zheng Zhang

“…Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. It modulates smooth muscle cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokines in vitro. …”
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Human epicardial organoids from pluripotent stem cells resemble fetal stage with potential cardiomyocyte- transdifferentiation by Fanwen Wang, Xinle Zou, Huilin Zheng, Tianci Kong, Duanqing Pei

“…After 8-days treatment of TGF-beta following by bFGF, cells enter into epithelium-mesenchymal transition and give rise to smooth muscle cells. Epicardium could also integrate and invade into mouse heart with SNAI1 expression, and give birth to numerous cardiomyocyte-like cells. …”
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BCL6 (B-cell lymphoma 6) expression in adenomyosis, leiomyomas and normal myometrium. by Loreta Canivilo Salas, Bruna Mielczarski, Raquel Camara Rivero, João Sabino Lahogue da Cunha Filho, Ricardo Francalacci Savaris

“…These findings suggest that BCL6 plays a role in the pathogenesis of leiomyomas, potentially contributing to abnormal smooth muscle cell proliferation. The study highlights the utility of automated immunohistochemistry and deep learning techniques in quantifying protein expression and classifying uterine pathologies. …”
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Role of Fractalkine/CX3CL1 and Its Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases with Emphasis on B Cell Malignancies by Elisa Ferretti, Vito Pistoia, Anna Corcione

“…The biological activities of CX3CL1 are mediated by CX3CR1, that is expressed on different cell types such as NK cells, CD14+ monocytes, cytotoxic effector T cells, B cells, neurons, microglia, smooth muscle cells, and tumor cells. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis is involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory cancer including various B cell malignancies. …”
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Perianal Basal Cell Carcinoma Successfully Managed with Excisional Biopsy by Paola C. Aldana, Harris G. Yfantis, Preeti R. John

“…Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the diagnosis: it showed diffuse and strong positivity for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and monoclonal antibody BER-Ep4 and was negative for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3), and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). …”
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Epidemiological Research Advances in Vascular Calcification in Diabetes by Haipeng Yao, Zhen Sun, Guangyao Zang, Lili Zhang, Lina Hou, Chen Shao, Zhongqun Wang

“…Vascular calcification is the transformation of arterial wall mesenchymal cells, particularly smooth muscle cells (SMCs), into osteoblast phenotypes by various pathological factors. …”
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Monitoring Steady Flow Effects on Cell Distribution in Engineered Valve Tissues by Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Catalina Martinez, Angela Henao, Jose E. Rodriguez, Kyle R. Padgett, Sharan Ramaswamy

“…We labeled human vascular smooth muscle (SMCs), endothelial (ECs), and bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) microparticles and visualized them using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under steady flow. …”
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Associations of NF-kappaB and Bax with Apoptosis in Varicose Veins of Women of Different Age Groups by Helle Evi Simovart, Andres Arend, Jüri Lieberg, Marina Aunapuu

“…The study aimed at detecting apoptotic endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) together with determining expression of NF-kappaB (p105/p50) and Bax in varicose vein walls. …”
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Angiomyolipoma of the Thoracic Wall: An Extremely Rare Diagnostic Challenge by Georgios Gemenetzis, Eleni Kostidou, Kalliroi Goula, Vassilios Smyrniotis, Nikolaos Arkadopoulos

“…Histologically, the lesion consisted of convoluted thick-walled blood vessels without an elastic layer, interlacing fascicles of smooth muscle, and mature adipose tissue, features consistent with an angiomyolipoma. …”
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Modulation of miRNAs in Pulmonary Hypertension by Sudhiranjan Gupta, Li Li

“…The pathology of PH involves vascular cell remodeling including pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. There is no cure for this disease. …”
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Inflammatory Myoglandular Polyps: A Case Series of Four Patients and Review of the Literature by Shoji Hirasaki, Hiromitsu Kanzaki, Minoru Matsubara, Seiyuu Suzuki

“…Histologic confirmation of the inflammatory granulation tissue in the lamina propria, proliferation of smooth muscle, and hyperplastic glands with variable cystic changes formed the criteria for the selection of patients. …”
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Prostacyclin Synthase: Upregulation during Renal Development and in Glomerular Disease as well as Its Constitutive Expression in Cultured Human Mesangial Cells by Thomas Klein, Günther Klaus, Martin Kömhoff

“…In the normal adult kidney, PGIS-immunoreactive protein and mRNA appear to localize to mesangial fields and endothelial and smooth muscle cells of arteries and peritubular capillaries. …”
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Stress-Induced Changes in the Gastrointestinal Motor System by Victor Plourde

“…Recent evidence suggests that chronic or possibly permanent changes develop in enteric smooth muscle properties in response to stress. In animals, the most consistent findings include retardation of gastric emptying in response to various stressors; acceleration of gastric emptying upon cold stress, presumably through the secretion of brain thyroglobulin-hormone; acceleration of intestinal transit; and stimulation of colonic transit and fecal output. …”
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Arterial Stiffness and Dialysis Calcium Concentration by Fabrice Mac-Way, Amélie Leboeuf, Mohsen Agharazii

“…This calcium dependant increase in arterial stiffness is potentially explained by increased vascular smooth muscle tone of the conduit arteries and is not solely explained by changes in mean blood pressure. …”
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