Toxoplasma Uveitis by Mildre Mercedes Vidal del Río, Gabriela Alexandra Villacis Paredes, Karen Daniela Salazar Pullutacsi, Génesis Camila Romero Paredes

“…The objective of this bibliographic review is to delve into the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of uveitis produced by Toxoplasma gondii in order to reduce the prevalence of this disease. …”
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A Rare Cause of Pain in a Patient Following Roux-en-Y Choledochojejunostomy by Kristiana Sather, Matthew Wheelwright, Guru Trikudanathan, Gregory Beilman

“…Sump syndrome may have a wide array of presenting symptoms, and the pathophysiology of sump syndrome varies based on bilioenteric reconstruction. …”
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Small Bowel Review: Part II by ABR Thomson, M Keelan, A Thiesen, MT Clandinin, MJ Ropeleski, G Wild

“…The topics are varied in scope and wherever possible show a logical progression from basic physiology to pathophysiology to clinical disorders and management.…”
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Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms: Evaluation and Management by Norman Ajiboye, Nohra Chalouhi, Robert M. Starke, Mario Zanaty, Rodney Bell

“…This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, natural history, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management options for unruptured intracranial aneurysms based on the current evidence in the literature. …”
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Kidney Stone Disease: An Update on Current Concepts by Tilahun Alelign, Beyene Petros

“…Thus, further understanding of the pathophysiology of kidney stone formation is a research area to manage urolithiasis using new drugs. …”
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Stigmasterol Modulates Allergic Airway Inflammation in Guinea Pig Model of Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma by Aaron Opoku Antwi, David Darko Obiri, Newman Osafo

“…We explored the potential benefits of stigmasterol in the treatment of asthma, an airway disorder characterized by immune pathophysiology and with an ever-increasing worldwide prevalence. …”
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CT-Based Quantitative Analysis for Pathological Features Associated With Postoperative Recurrence and Potential Application Upon Artificial Intelligence: A Narrative Review With a... by Woon-Man Kung MD, MS, Muh-Shi Lin MD, PhD

“…Both qualitative and quantitative analyses have been explored to investigate the mechanisms underlying postoperative recurrence. We surveyed the pathophysiology of CSDHs and analyzed the relative factors influencing postoperative recurrence. …”
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Alcoholism, Korsakoff’s Syndrome and the Frontal Lobes by R. R. Jacobson

“…A new model is proposed of the pathophysiology of alcoholic brain damage and AKS which includes recent work on neurotransmitter sources and thalamo-frontal connections.…”
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Ketamine-Induced Cystitis: A Comprehensive Review of the Urologic Effects of This Psychoactive Drug by Danyon J. Anderson, Jessica Zhou, David Cao, Matthew McDonald, Maya Guenther, Jamal Hasoon, Omar Viswanath, Alan D. Kaye, Ivan Urits

“…Furthermore, it becomes a vicious cycle when KIC patients attempt to manage their urinary pain with increased ketamine use. The precise pathophysiology of KIC is still unknown but several theories exist, most of which highlight the inflammatory signaling pathways leading to bladder epithelium damage due to presence of ketamine in the urine. …”
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Inflammatory biomarkers and therapeutic potential of milk exosome-mediated CCL7 siRNA in murine intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by WenDong Chen, WenPing Xu, Li Ma, Chun Bi, MeiXu Yang, Wei Yang

“…Despite advances in understanding the pathophysiology of IIRI, effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies remain limited.MethodsUsing transcriptome sequencing in a mouse model of IIRI, we identified potential biomarkers that were significantly upregulated in the IIRI group compared to the sham group. …”
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Rare Mental Health Disorders Affecting Urologic Care: A Comprehensive Review by Abrahim N. Razzak, Nicholas A. Orlando, Alexis Angelette, Vinay Kumar, Danyon J. Anderson, Jamal Hasoon, Omar Viswanath, Alan D. Kaye, Joseph S. Fitz-Gerald, Nazih Khater, Ivan Urits

“…This review describes the history, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, compulsive sexual behavior/hypersexuality, factitious disorder, malingering symptoms, and conversion disorder in the realm of urology. …”
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The Role of the Immune System in Huntington’s Disease by Gisa Ellrichmann, Christiane Reick, Carsten Saft, Ralf A. Linker

“…Mutant htt (mhtt) in the striatum is assumed to be the main reason for neurodegeneration. Knowledge about pathophysiology has rapidly improved discussing influences of excitotoxicity, mitochondrial damage, free radicals, and inflammatory mechanisms. …”
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Hyperammonemia: What Urea-lly Need to Know: Case Report of Severe Noncirrhotic Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy and Review of the Literature by Ruby Upadhyay, Thomas P. Bleck, Katharina M. Busl

“…Existing evidence about hyperammonemia is organized to address pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. …”
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Primary intracranial malignant melanoma in an adolescent: case report and literature review by Nyoman Golden, I Gusti Ketut Agung Surya Kencana, Christopher Lauren, Angky Saputra, Denny Japardi

“…As PIMM presents with nonspecific symptoms, awareness among clinicians is essential for early detection and appropriate intervention, warranting further research to develop standardized treatment protocols and enhance understanding of this rare tumor's pathophysiology.…”
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell–derived Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Diabetic Wound Healing by Anna Meiliana, Nurrani Mustika Dewi, Andi Wijaya

“…The development of effective wound therapeutics in the future may be influenced by our current and developing understanding of wound pathophysiology. By reestablishing cellular functioning, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), a crucial medium for intercellular communications, exhibit encouraging therapeutic potential in the treatment of DFU. …”
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Personality structure assessment of people with opiate addiction and people with internet addiction disorder by Milinović Milica, Tepšič-Ostojić Vesna

“…Neurobiological and pharmacological data suggest similarities between the pathophysiology of opiate addiction and pathological gambling. …”
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The Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Children and Adolescents in Dalmatia: A Hospital Based Study by Marko Šimunović, Joško Božić, Lukrecija Milić, Ivana Unić, Veselin Škrabić

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Epigenetic Research of Neurodegenerative Disorders Using Patient iPSC-Based Models by Rubén Fernández-Santiago, Mario Ezquerra

“…Moreover, elucidating epigenetic regulation using patient-specific iPSC-derived neural models is expected to have a great impact to unravel the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and to hopefully expand future therapeutic possibilities. …”
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Epidemiological and Pathogenic Relationship between Sleep Apnea and Ischemic Heart Disease by Carlos Carpio, Rodolfo Álvarez-Sala, Francisco García-Río

“…Coronary artery disease has been associated with obstructive sleep apnea in many reports. The pathophysiology of coronary artery disease in obstructive sleep apnea patients probably includes the activation of multiple mechanisms, as the sympathetic activity, endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, and systemic hypertension. …”
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Buffalo Immune Competence Under Infectious and Non-Infectious Stressors by Maria Giovanna Ciliberti, Antonella Santillo, Mariangela Caroprese, Marzia Albenzio

“…Indeed, the cytokine profile could be considered a useful biomarker to determine the pathophysiology of certain diseases, such as mastitis, endometritis, change-induced heat stress, and zoonoses. …”
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