MicroRNAs in atrial fibrillation – have we discovered the Holy Grail or opened a Pandora’s box? by Alkora Ioana Balan, Alina Scridon

“…In recent years, special attention has been paid to microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential regulators of AF pathogenesis. Through post-transcriptional regulation of genes, miRNAs have been shown to play crucial roles in AF-related structural and electrical atrial remodeling. …”
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The Estrogen–Immune Interface in Endometriosis by Emily Greygoose, Pat Metharom, Hakan Kula, Timur K. Seckin, Tamer A. Seckin, Ayse Ayhan, Yu Yu

“…Here, we provide a lens to understand the interplay between estrogen and innate and adaptive immune systems throughout the menstrual cycle in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Estrogen is closely linked to many altered inflammatory and immunomodulatory states, affecting both tissue-resident and circulatory immune cells. …”
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Biophysical and biochemical evidence for the role of acetate kinases (AckAs) in an acetogenic pathway in pathogenic spirochetes. by Ranjit K Deka, Shih-Chia Tso, Wei Z Liu, Chad A Brautigam

“…Unraveling the metabolism of Treponema pallidum is a key component to understanding the pathogenesis of the human disease that it causes, syphilis. …”
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Microarray Profiling of Lymphocytes in Internal Diseases With an Altered Immune Response: Potential and Methodology by Anatoliy Gladkevich, S. Adriaan Nelemans, Henk F. Kauffman, Jakob Korf

“…Lymphocytes express more than 75% of the human genome, and, being an important part of the immune system, they play a central role in the pathogenesis of asthma, RA, and SLE. Here we review alterations of gene expression in lymphocytes and methodological aspects of the microarray technique in these diseases. …”
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Altered Phenotype of Circulating Dendritic Cells and Regulatory T Cells from Patients with Acute Myocarditis by Paola del Carmen Guerra-de-Blas, Daniela Cruz-González, Elena B. Martínez-Shio, Roberto González-Amaro, Héctor González-Pacheco, Esther Layseca-Espinosa, Carlos D. Escobedo-Uribe, Adriana E. Monsiváis-Urenda

“…This proinflammatory status may contribute to the pathogenesis and immune deregulation in acute myocarditis.…”
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Exploring Cervical Adenocarcinoma: Epidemiological Insights, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges, and Pathogenetic Mechanisms by Shuhui Li, Congrong Liu, Liang Weng

“…There is limited understanding of the similarities and differences in the pathogenesis mechanisms between CA and SCC, such as tumor heterogeneity and the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). …”
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Effect of plasma free fatty acids on lung function in male COPD patients by Rostam Yazdani, Hossein Fallah, Shirin Yazdani, Beydolah Shahouzehi, Behnaz Danesh

“…Abstract Inflammation and oxidative stress play a pivotal role in COPD pathogenesis. Free fatty acids (FFA) as signaling molecules through a series of G-proteins coupled receptors, play an important role in regulation of the immune system and oxidative stress. …”
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The role of myocardial energy metabolism perturbations in diabetic cardiomyopathy: from the perspective of novel protein post-translational modifications by Dongze Li, Li Zhang, Qiming Gong, Huilan Deng, Changfang Luo, Tingting Zhou, Wei Huang, Yong Xu

“…This review examines the epigenetic pathogenesis of DbCM, primarily focusing on myocardial energy metabolism perturbations and novel PTMs associated with them. …”
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Cytokines in Pericardial Effusion of Patients with Inflammatory Pericardial Disease by Konstantinos Karatolios, Rainer Moosdorf, Bernhard Maisch, Sabine Pankuweit

“…It is thus possible that VEGF and bFGF participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pericardial disease.…”
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Severe Respiratory Distress in a Child with Pulmonary Idiopathic Hemosiderosis Initially Presenting with Iron-Deficiency Anemia by A. Potalivo, L. Finessi, F. Facondini, A. Lupo, C. Andreoni, G. Giuliani, C. Cavicchi

“…It is commonly characterized by the triad of recurrent hemoptysis, diffuse parenchymal infiltrates, and iron-deficiency anemia. Pathogenesis is unclear and diagnosis may be difficult along with a variable clinical course. …”
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Safety and efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange in neuromyelitis optica: A retrospective study from South India by Dibyajyoti Sahoo, Pragya Silwal, Abhishekh Basavarajegowda

“…INTRODUCTION: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an idiopathic demyelinating disorder characterized mainly by optic neuritis and myelitis, causing gradual loss of vision and deterioration of neurological function. The underlying pathogenesis mainly involves antibodies against aquaporin 4. …”
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Challenges in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A case-based approach. Experience from a tertiary care hospital in the Haryana region by Geetika Sharma, Shilpi More, Saroj Rajput, Nimisha Sharma, Sonu Choudhary, Tathagata Chatterjee

“…AIHA is widely classified as warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, cold agglutinin syndrome, mixed AIHA, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria and rarely drug induced AIHA. The pathogenesis of AIHA is complex interplay between genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation and enviornmental triggers. …”
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The Impact of Autophagy on Cell Death Modalities by Stefan W. Ryter, Kenji Mizumura, Augustine M. K. Choi

“…., apoptosis), inflammation, and adaptive immune mechanisms and thereby influence disease pathogenesis. Selective pathways can target distinct cargoes (e.g., mitochondria and proteins) for autophagic degradation. …”
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The Correlation between Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolomic in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure by Zhenhua Wang, Zhaoling Cai, Markus W. Ferrari, Yilong Liu, Chengyi Li, Tianzhang Zhang, Guorong Lyu

“…The mechanism and pathogenesis of myocardial remodeling remain unknown. …”
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Human Oral Keratinocytes Challenged by Streptococcus sanguinis and Porphyromonas gingivalis Differentially Affect the Chemotactic Activity of THP-1 Monocytes by Huajing Li, Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne, Lijian Jin

“…The current findings on P. gingivalis-HOKs interactions with resultant paralysis of THP-1 cell chemotaxis provide further evidence that the keystone periodontopathogen P. gingivalis can evade innate defense and contribute to periodontal pathogenesis.…”
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PhoU homologs from Staphylococcus aureus dimerization and protein interactions by Clayton T. Matthews, Sakib Mahmud, Stewart G. Gardner

“…Further analysis may elucidate the potential mechanisms for regulating gene expression, persister formation, and virulence in S. aureus.IMPORTANCEPhoU proteins affect pathogenesis and persister formation in many bacterial species. …”
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Depression-induced changes in directed functional brain networks: A source-space resting-state EEG study by Zhongwen Jia, Lihan Tang, Jidong Lv, Linhong Deng, Ling Zou

“…These findings suggest that altered information flow in the brains of depressed patients is related to the pathogenesis of depression, providing insights for patient identification and pathological studies.…”
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Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism by I. A. Baranova, A. V. Baranov

“…To present data of Russian and foreign studies on the prevalence, pathogenesis and clinical picture of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) pathology in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).Key point. …”
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Elevated Serum Carboxymethyl-Lysine, an Advanced Glycation End Product, Predicts Severe Walking Disability in Older Women: The Women's Health and Aging Study I by Kai Sun, Richard D. Semba, Linda P. Fried, Debra A. Schaumberg, Luigi Ferrucci, Ravi Varadhan

“…Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. Our aim was to characterize the relationship between serum carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), a major circulating AGE, and incident severe walking disability (inability to walk or walking speed <0.4 m/sec) over 30 months of followup in 394 moderately to severely disabled women, ≥65 years, living in the community in Baltimore, Maryland (the Women’s Health and Aging Study I). …”
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Tension Pneumatocele due to Enterobacter gergoviae Pneumonia: A Case Report by Emeka B. Kesieme, Chinenye N. Kesieme, George O. Akpede, Kelechi E. Okonta, Andrew E. Dongo, Adewuyi M. Gbolagade, Sylvester U. Eluehike

“…Many organisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease; however, this is the first report of tension pneumatocele resulting from Enterobacter gergoviae pneumonia. …”
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