Concealed penis: A review of multilevel classification and surgical reconstruction techniques by Bo‐yu Xiang, Jing‐xuan Peng, Xue‐jun Shang, Xiong‐bing Zu, Dong‐jie Li

“…The aetiology and pathogenesis of this disease are understood to some extent, but the specific underlying mechanisms need further research. …”
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Thrombomodulin: A Bifunctional Modulator of Inflammation and Coagulation in Sepsis by Takayuki Okamoto, Hironobu Tanigami, Koji Suzuki, Motomu Shimaoka

“…Deregulated interplay between inflammation and coagulation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Therapeutic approaches that simultaneously target both inflammation and coagulation hold great promise for the treatment of sepsis. …”
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The Prorenin and (Pro)renin Receptor: New Players in the Brain Renin-Angiotensin System? by Wencheng Li, Hua Peng, Dale M. Seth, Yumei Feng

“…We review the role of prorenin and PRR in peripheral organs and emphasize the involvement of brain PRR in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Some future perspectives in PRR research are heighted with respect to novel therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.…”
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The Diagnosis and Treatment of Branch Retinal Vein Occlusions: An Update by Diana-Maria Darabuş, Rodica Georgiana Dărăbuş, Mihnea Munteanu

“…This review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of BRVO, alongside recent advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. …”
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Combination Treatment of C16 Peptide and Angiopoietin-1 Alleviates Neuromyelitis Optica in an Experimental Model by Yuanyuan Zhang, Kewei Tian, Hong Jiang, Beibei Wang, Shu Han

“…In this study, a rodent NMO model, showing typical NMO pathogenesis, was induced with NMO-IgG from patient serum and human complement. …”
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Drug Advances in NAFLD: Individual and Combination Treatment Strategies of Natural Products and Small-Synthetic-Molecule Drugs by Xing Wan, Jingyuan Ma, He Bai, Xuyang Hu, Yanna Ma, Mingjian Zhao, Jifeng Liu, Zhijun Duan

“…In recent years, progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of NAFLD, identifying multiple therapeutic targets and providing new directions for drug development. …”
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Could Proteomic Research Deliver the Next Generation of Treatments for Pneumococcal Meningitis? by U. R. Goonetilleke, S. A. Ward, S. B. Gordon

“…This minireview will summarize the known pathogenesis of meningitis, and current gaps in knowledge, that could be filled by proteomic analysis.…”
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TGF-β1/Smads and miR-21 in Renal Fibrosis and Inflammation by Agnieszka Loboda, Mateusz Sobczak, Alicja Jozkowicz, Jozef Dulak

“…Understanding the cellular and molecular bases of miR-21 involvement in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, including inflammatory reaction, could be crucial for their early diagnosis. …”
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Doxycycline Proniosomal Gel as Local Drug Delivery System in Periodontal Disease: A Vitro Study by Dhawal Rajendra Mody, Vrushali Lathiya, Abhay P. Kolte, Vaishnavi Biradar, Vaishnavi Langde

“…Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of the oral cavity in which microorganisms play a significant role in the pathogenesis and onset. The host immune system starts as an inflammatory process in response to microbial attack that protects and kills the periodontium. …”
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Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line (ZSPHARi002-A) from a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease carrying a heterozygous PKD1 mutation by Yeye Zhang, Ye Chen, Jun Fan, Guangzhao Lu, Qianzhou Lv, Donghui Lao, Xiaoyu Li

“…We collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a patient with ADPKD who carries a heterozygous PKD1 mutation and reprogrammed them into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). iPSC lines can provide a valuable resource for studying the pathogenesis of ADPKD and for drug screening purposes.…”
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The Science of Memory Loss: Insights into Alzheimer’s Disease by Agnieszka Starzyk, Piotr Charzewski

“…Since the 2016 Seminar, substantial progress has been made in understanding AD’s complex pathogenesis, identifying genetic risk and protective factors, and developing novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. …”
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Differential Circulating Fungal Microbiome in Prostate Cancer Patients Compared to Healthy Control Individuals by Xu Wang, Zejun Zhou, David Turner, Michael Lilly, Tongwen Ou, Wei Jiang

“…Infection and inflammation play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) etiology and pathogenesis. However, the environmental drivers for PCa are not fully understood. …”
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Pneumocystis carinii: A Review of an Important Opportunistic Pathogen in AIDS by M John Gill, Ron Read

“…Improved in vitro and in vivo models of human pneumocystis infection would significantly increase understanding of the molecular biology of the organism, the pathogenesis of disease, and the optimal therapeutic regimens.…”
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Roles of Cells from the Arterial Vessel Wall in Atherosclerosis by Di Wang, Zhiyan Wang, Lili Zhang, Yi Wang

“…Herein, we summarize the possible roles of different cells from the entire arterial vessel wall in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.…”
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Oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health, disease, and recovery: deeper insights into myelin dynamics by Pieter-Jan Serneels, Julie D. De Schutter, Lies De Groef, Lieve Moons, Steven Bergmans

“…This, including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models, is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases. Additionally, comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination failure. …”
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Human Herpesvirus 6 and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome by Daniel Eymard, François Lebel, Mark Miller, François Turgeon

“…Elevated HHV-6 titres suggests that this virus could be a cofactor in the pathogenesis of CFS.…”
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Follicular Helper T Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Why Should They Be Considered as Interesting Therapeutic Targets? by Matthieu Sawaf, Hélène Dumortier, Fanny Monneaux

“…Reducing autoantibody production thus represents a way of controlling lupus pathogenesis, and a better understanding of the molecular and cellular factors involved in the differentiation of B cells into plasma cells could allow identifying new therapeutic targets. …”
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Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Bladder Tumor in a Patient with Von Recklinghausen's Syndrome by Eleftherios Chatzidarellis, Evangelos Mazaris, Andreas Skolarikos, Demonakou Maria, Iraklis Mitsogiannis, Nafsika Mousiou, Apostolos Bisas

“…The patient finally underwent a radical cystectomy due to the uncertain pathogenesis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor as well as the rarity of cases published on bladder tumors in Von Recklinghausen's patients.…”
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Beyond Tumors: The Pivotal Role of TRIM Proteins in Chronic Non-Tumor Lung Diseases by Huang X, Yu W, Wei A, Wang X, Chen S

“…This review delves into the emerging significance of TRIM family proteins in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary hypertension (PH). …”
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Therapeutic Potential of α-Synuclein Evolvability for Autosomal Recessive Parkinson’s Disease by Jianshe Wei, Gilbert Ho, Yoshiki Takamatsu, Eliezer Masliah, Makoto Hashimoto

“…Collectively, further studies are warranted to better understand αS evolvability in PD pathogenesis, leading to rational therapy development.…”
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