How to define passive smoking? A look into the current concepts with a possible solution by Sayem Anwarhussain Mulla

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Effect of Active and Passive Smoking on Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer and Ganglion Cell Complex by Amany Abd El-Fattah El-Shazly, Yousra Ahmed Thabet Farweez, Lamia Salah Elewa, Yasser Abdelmageuid Elzankalony, Botheina Ahmed Thabet Farweez

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Active and Passive Smoking as Catalysts for Cognitive Impairment in Rural Indonesia: A Population-based Study by Faizal Muhammad, Afifah Syifaul Ummah, Farida Aisyah, Rivan Danuaji, Diah Kurnia Mirawati, Subandi Subandi, Baarid Luqman Hamidi, Ervina Arta Jayanti Hutabarat, Reviono Reviono, Yulie Erida Nur Rahmawati, Isa Ridwan

“…However, the correlation between chronic passive smoking and the risk of cognitive impairment remains underexplored. …”
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The effect of active and passive smoking during pregnancy on birth outcomes: A cohort study in Shanghai by Xiaokai Wang, Xia Gao, De Chen, Xuelian Chen, Qingwei Li, Jiani Ding, Fangyuan Yu, Xiaoyun Zhu, Nannan Zhang, Yifang Chen

“…Conclusions Our findings illustrate that active and passive smoking can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes. …”
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The Impact of Passive Smoking on Salivary Glutathione Peroxidase and Selenium in Relation to Dental Caries Severity among Five Years Old Children by Shahba’a Munther, Baydaa Hussain Awn, Hiba N. Yassin

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Tobacco Use, Body Mass Index, Potentially Malignant Disorder and Attitude towards Passive Smoking in a Primary Health Centre – A Cross-Sectional Study by Priyanka Paul Madhu, Zahiruddin Syed Quazi, Anand N Wankhede

“…The interviewer gathered information to document the subjects’ history of tobacco use, general demographics, and opinions regarding passive smoking through the administration of a questionnaire. …”
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Maternal smoking during infancy increases the risk of allergic diseases in children: a nationwide longitudinal survey in Japan by Kenji Shigehara, Naomi Matsumoto, Mitsuru Tsuge, Kazuhiro Uda, Yukie Saito, Masato Yashiro, Takashi Yorifuji, Masanori Ikeda, Hirokazu Tsukahara

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Association of exposure to second-hand smoke during childhood with blood DNA methylation by Marta Cosin-Tomas, Thanh Hoang, Cancan Qi, Giulietta S. Monasso, Ryan Langdon, Simon Kebede Merid, Lucinda Calas, Paula de Prado-Bert, Rebecca Richmond, Vincent VW Jaddoe, Liesbeth Duijts, John Wright, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Regina Grazuleviciene, Marianna Karachaliou, Gerard H. Koppelman, Erik Melén, Olena Gruzieva, Martine Vrijheid, Paul Yousefi, Janine F. Felix, Stephanie J. London, Mariona Bustamante

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The effect of pharmaceutical composition based on L-carnitine on structural and functional features of rat placenta in the model of passive tobacco smoking by I.V. Volokhov, V.A. Rybak, L.Yu. Sergienko, S.S. Sokolova, S.P. Kustova

“…The study was conducted on 40 nonlinear pregnant rats aged 6 months. Passive smoking modeling was performed from day 1 to day 20 of pregnancy. …”
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Maternal occupational exposures during early stages of pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes in the NINFEA birth-cohort. by Antonio d'Errico, Maja Popovic, Costanza Pizzi, Giovenale Moirano, Chiara Moccia, Lorenzo Richiardi, Milena Maule

“…<h4>Results</h4>Women exposed to passive smoking at work and those who reduced their working hours during pregnancy were found to have an increased likelihood of all analysed birth outcomes. …”
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Factors Associated with Poor Asthma Control among Sudanese Patients Attending Atbara Teaching Hospital in Sudan by Hadeel Kareem Aladdin, Sufian Khalid Mohammed Noor, Amro Mohamed Fagir Farah, Sara Elamin Bushara

“…Improper inhaler use, the presence of triggers at home or work, and passive smoking were significantly associated with hospital admission. …”
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Burden and mortality of breast cancer attributed to diabetes and smoking in women: a secondary analysis based on Global Burden of Disease 2019 in North Africa and the Middle East by Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Ali Jafari-Khounigh, Leili Abedi Gheshlaghi, Leila Rezakhani, Mozafar Khazaei

“…Diabetes, smoking and passive smoking contribute significantly to the burden of disease and mortality from BC, with diabetes playing a more impactful role than the other risk factors. …”
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Moving Toward a Smoke-free Campus: A Survey of Students’ Knowledge, Behavior, and Opinions by Ülken Tunga Babaoğlu, Hüseyin İlter

“…CONCLUSION: Most students were unaware of the smoke-free campus policy but were aware that passive smoking is an important public health problem. …”
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Air pollution exposure and prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and related cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Xingyi He, Shipeng Zhang, Qinglin Bai, Moshen Pan, Yanjie Jiang, Weiwei Liu, Wei Li, Yuanyuan Gong, Xueping Li

“…The pooled analysis showed that PM2.5, NOx, PM10, PM2.5–10, passive smoking, PM1, and air pollution from solid fuels were positively associated with the incidence and prevalence of NAFLD and its related cirrhosis. …”
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Prevalence and risk factors for Sick Building Syndrome among Italian correctional officers: A pilot study by Francesco Chirico, Giuseppe Ferrari, Giuseppe Taino, Enrico Oddone, Ines Giorgi, Marcello Imbriani

“…Discussion: Our survey showed that symptoms compatible with the sick building syndrome are common in correctional officers and that psychosocial work climate and exposure to passive smoking could have a strong influence on the prevalence of both general and mucocutaneous symptoms associated with SBS. …”
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Factors associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among Tunisian children by Asma Guedria, Asma Guedria, Asma Guedria, Mohamed Guedria, Manel Ben Fredj, Manel Ben Fredj, Randaline Ayoub, Randaline Ayoub, Randaline Ayoub, Hela Ben Abid, Hela Ben Abid, Hela Ben Abid, Ahmed Mhalla, Ahmed Mhalla, Ahmed Mhalla, Hela Slama, Hela Slama

“…Univariate then multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with ADHD.ResultsSeveral factors were more prevalent in children with ADHD than in controls: disturbed family dynamics, low socio-economic status, family history of psychiatric and organic pathologies, and particularly several early environmental factors, including passive smoking during pregnancy, prematurity, fetal distress, caesarean delivery and low birth weight. …”
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De kan hverken ryge eller rejse: Rygeforbuddet i danske fængsler by Linda Kjær Minke, Ayo Næsborg-Andersen

“…The smoking ban was instituted to avoid exposing staff and fellow inmates to passive smoking. If a prisoner violates the smoking ban, a disciplinary punishment is imposed. …”
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Wpływ czynników środowiskowych na powstawanie chorób układu krążenia – wybrane problemy by Janusz Jerzemowski

“…They include also six basic air pollution compounds (ozone, CO2, SO2, CO, PbO4, dust); chemical elements (Pb, Hg, Cd, CO, As, lack of Se); medicaments; alcohol and drug inducing stupor; smoking and passive smoking. Also malnutrition and low physical activity increase the risk of occurrence of many circulation system diseases. …”
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Risk Factors for Asthma in a Helminth Endemic Area in Bahia, Brazil by Luciana S. Cardoso, Daniela M. Costa, Maria Cecília F. Almeida, Robson P. Souza, Edgar M. Carvalho, Maria Ilma Araujo, Ricardo R. Oliveira

“…Asthma was found in 13.1% of the population, and 35.1% of them had a positive SPT. Active and passive smoking was positively associated with asthma, whereas A. lumbricoides was negatively associated. …”
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A Cross-sectional Survey to Assess the Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among College Students by K. Jafar Ali, Hansaram Suthar

“…The 8.21% of students were smokers out of these, 17.39% were using smokeless tobacco, whereas 31.88% were exposed to passive smoking and 12.56% of students were drinkers. …”
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