The ‘Conquering’ Soldier-Merchants of the Balkans: Colonization, State Interventionism and Separatist Claims in the Danubian Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia (18th-19th Cen... by Aysel Yıldız

“…It aims at revealing complex relations between agents on three levels: local (voivodes, boyars, commoners), the regional (Janissaries and other soldiery) and the imperial; while also examining the influx of Muslims into the Principalities and its consequences as an interplay between various claims of trading rights, provisionist policies implemented by the imperial centre and the autonomous desires of the native nobility. The paper contends that the tributary status of the Principalities provided a major advantage in protecting the local population against Muslim penetration, as manifested in the ensuing direct intervention of the Porte and consequent trade restrictions. …”
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Peter the Great’s “heirs”: power and administration in post-Petrine Russia by N. A. Omelchenko

“…According to the author, Anna Ioannovna managed to snatch victory, relying on the support of the middle and lower nobility, primary because in Russia the middle class was always afraid of the weakening of the central government, which, as a rule, led either to anarchy or to the power of the oligarchy.…”
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The Lithuanianisation of Adam Mickiewicz by Viktorija Šeina

“…From the end of the nineteenth century, Lithuanians generally saw their local nobility as ‘Polonised Lithuanians’. This view applied to Mickiewicz as well. …”
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La Costituzione siciliana del 1812 by Angelo Grimaldi

“…The sicilian constitutional experience of 1812 wasn’t a breaking off from the constitution, it remained a dualistic system in which the King had legitimate dynasty and most of the members of the Parliament belonged to the Sicilian Nobility. The Par - liament didn’t represent the nation because the two main governing bodies were the Sovereign and the aristocrats: the “nation”, being an abstract juridical bodies couldn’t govern directly but only through delegation; consequently the Parliament could repre - sent only a part of the Sicilian Society, that is to say only that fraction that was repre - sented in the Parliament. …”
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The Monsters of Geoffrey Chaucer: The Miller in The General Prologue and the Miller in The Reeve’s Tale in The Canterbury Tales by Nazan Yıldız

“…With their atypical social positions, millers were among those monstrous Others or “Them” of the Middle Ages as they could not be fitted into any of the three estates; namely the clergy, the nobility and the commoners. They were the unwanted upstarts and leading rebels of the Peasants’ Revolt of 1381. …”
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Personal identity during the Time of Troubles in Russia (setting up a problem) by A.A. Kuznetsov

“…In the Time of Troubles, other social groups adopted the behavioral strategies of the nobility. As a result, imposture, unregulated (both traditionally and legally) leadership in the Cossack hosts, robber gangs, and self-organized grouping became common. …”
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Lithuanian historical conception according to Ignas Onacevičius by Algirdas Šidlauskas

“…Onacevičius explained that the nobility's freedom existed in documents, but not in real life. …”
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The conceptual metaphor of Valor in the language and imagery of The Houghton Shāhnama by Kamelia Kakoeian, Afsaneh Kamran

“…In Shāhnama, valor is a fundamental and extensive concept, interlinked with other notions such as wisdom, nobility, warriorship, courage, and reputation. This article aims to examine how the concept of valor is linguistically and visually expressed in Shāhnama; what conceptual metaphors has Ferdowsi employed to elucidate the concept of valor in his poetry, and what techniques has the miniature artist utilized to visualize these metaphors? …”
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The Portrait of heshuo Guo-qinwang Yunli as the Source for Weapons and Horse Equipment of Oirats and their Neighbors in the first half of the 18th Century by Leonid A. Bobrov

“…It is possible that these items were donated to Yunli by representatives of the Oirat (Khoshut) or Tibetan nobility during his visit to the Dalai Lama in 1735. …”
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Centra, zázemí a periferie hospodářského života raně novověké společnosti v zemích České koruny. O smyslu hospodářských dějin raného novověku by Václav Ledvinka

“…The first is a microhistorical insight into the management and function of the suburban estates of the Czech nobility in the immediate vicinity of the provincial capital, Prague, at the end of the 16th century, as can be observed through the example of the small manor of Košíř, owned in the years 1585–1597 by the lords of Hradec. …”
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Æsthetics and Politics: Italian Opera as Revealed in the Correspondence of James Harris by Donald Burrows

“…En 1736, Haendel et une compagnie rivale, The Opera of the Nobility, protégée par le prince de Galles, s’affrontent durement. …”
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Æsthetics and Politics: Italian Opera as Revealed in the Correspondence of James Harris by Donald Burrows

“…En 1736, Haendel et une compagnie rivale, The Opera of the Nobility, protégée par le prince de Galles, s’affrontent durement. …”
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‘O breves et infaustos populi favores’. The Controversies Surrounding Lieutenant Władysław Gorzeński during the Civil War in Poland-Lithuania (1715–1716) by Marcin Różycki

“… On 1st October 1715 Władysław Gorzeński became the first marshal of the soldiers’ union which began to fight against the Saxon forces of King Augustus II on Polish-Lithuanian territory, thereby unleashing a civil war between the monarch, supported by various officials, and the Polish-Lithuanian army alongside the masses of civilian nobility, united under the Tarnogród Confederation. …”
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The Influence of the Migration of the Governor’s Subjects from Kalmyk Khanate to China on the Kalmyk Settlements of Orenburg Province in 1771 by Stepan V. Dzhundzhuzov

“…Under the influence of agitation, coercion, or out of fear of parting with their family, some of the Yaik Kalmyks joined the migration provoked by the Kalmyk nobility. However, among the Yaik Kalmyks there were those who not only did not want to leave Russia, but also helped to pursue the fugitives. …”
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Adam Mickiewicz in Search of Lithuanian National Identity by Aušra Jurgutienė

“…In Lithuania two alternative traditions of reception formed: one faction (Jonas Basanavičius, Jonas Aistis, Faustas Kirša) erased him from Lithuanian culture and national identity, the same way as it treated all of the Polonised Lithuanian nobility; while others (Antanas Baranauskas, Maironis, Motiejus Gustaitis, Sofija Kymantaitė-Čiurlionienė, Vincas Krėvė, Stasys Šalkauskis, Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas, Julijonas Lindė-Dobilas, Antanas Maceina, Petras Juodelis, Justinas Marcinkevičius, Vytautas Kubilius, etc.), supported a positive reception, honouring him as “a genius of the Lithuanian spirit”. …”
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The status of Circassian princes in the 17th century: Independent Inaledes by F.A. Ozova

“…However, these data are unique with regard to the political history of Circassia in the 17th century, which was a decentralized monarchy of representatives of nobility in the form of a federative princely republic. …”
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Warrior Burial from “Vysokaya Mogila – Studenikin Mar” Necropolis: New Finds of Defensive Armor of the Southern Urals Early Nomads by Sergey V. Sirotin, Konstantin S. Okorokov, Daria S. Bogachuk

“…In the kurgan with specific features of the South Ural nomads’ elite burial rite, a central dromos with an individual burial of a nomadic military nobility representative was studied. In the burial, rich accompanying inventory was found which included elements of weapons, a bronze cauldron and a bronze ladle (bailer). …”
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Old Vilnius in the Perspektive of Nations' Historical Consciousness by Alfredas Bumblauskas

“…We also could discuss new preconditions for the perspectives of historical consciousness of Lithuanian Poles (for example: introduction of the Polish-speaking nobility into the 19th-century Lithuanian society, theory of Europeanisation). …”
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Nacionalita a konfese v politickém životě jagellonských Čech by Petr Vorel

“…This was one of the reasons why Moravian (1480) aristocracy, followed by the Bohemian noblemen (1500), approaches the formation of a precise definition of nobility, that time vastly formed by Czech families. …”
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Ethnosymbolism as a Framework for Early Modern Literature Analysis: Theoretical Reflections on the Identity of the Political Community of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by Skirmantas Knieža

“…Examples from the literature of the 16th-century Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) suggest that the myth of Roman descent, efforts to turn historical battles with Moscow and Ottomans into an epic, etymologization of Lithuania’s name, importance of the Jagiellonian dynasty, and other symbols helped cultivate historical subjectivity and a sense of identity among the nobility and intellectuals. While these insights should not imply proactive construction of nationhood, as Caspar Hirschi suggests in his study on the contemporary Holy Roman Empire, they indicate that the commonly employed term ‘political nation’ of the GDL can be further refined by reconsidering the contents of ethnicity, primarily dealing with the sense of historical identity and memory. …”
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