A Low‐Latitude Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Electron Density Model Based on Radio Occultation Data Using Artificial Neural Networks With Prior Knowledge by Ding Yang, Hanxian Fang

“…In addition, we corrected effectively the error of ANN‐IRI in the lower ionosphere source from COSMIC data based on IRI‐2016 and spline interpolation. Compared with completely independent data sets from incoherent scatter radars (ISRs) and ROCSAT‐1 in situ observations, the electron density predicted by corrected ANN‐IRI exhibits good similarity. …”
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Hierarchical Stratification for Spatial Sampling and Digital Mapping of Soil Attributes by Derlei D. Melo, Isabella A. Cunha, Lucas R. Amaral

“…Results showed that the 50% guided sample configuration improved ordinary kriging interpolation accuracy, particularly with sparse grids. …”
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Assimilation of temperature and relative humidity observations from personal weather stations in AROME-France by A. Demortier, M. Mandement, V. Pourret, O. Caumont, O. Caumont

“…However, degradation of short-range forecasts are found when PWS observations are assimilated with the current operational 3DVar DA scheme in the atmosphere or jointly in the atmosphere and at the surface with 3DEnVar and optimal interpolation DA schemes. These results demonstrate that the benefit of assimilating PWS temperature and relative humidity observations can be highly dependent on the DA schemes and settings employed.…”
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Refining Sparse Cell-ID Trajectory of Public Service Vehicles by Spatiotemporal Modelling by Kemin Zhu, Junli Liu, Xianfeng Song, Weifeng Wang, Hao Chen

“…It shows a significant improvement in comparison of traditional interpolation methods.…”
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Improving WRF-Chem PM2.5 predictions by combining data assimilation and deep-learning-based bias correction by Xingxing Ma, Hongnian Liu, Zhen Peng

“…Four parallel experiments were conducted during winter 2019: a control experiment directly forecasted by WRF-Chem (experiment name: WRF-Chem); an experiment that assimilated in situ observations based on the GSI (Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation) system (WRF-Chem_DA); an experiment with deep-learning-based BC (WRF-Chem_BC); and an experiment considering the combination of DA on the initial conditions and BC (WRF-Chem_DA_BC). …”
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In-flight Electrocardiography Monitoring in a Pilot During Cross Country Flight by William D. Kim, Sang-Wook Kim, Seong-Kyu Cho, Ju Hyeon Byeon, GunYoung Lee, WooSeok Hyun, JoungSoon Jang

“…Landing phase showed the highest values in standard deviation of NN interval (59.3 ms), triangular index (11.7), and triangular interpolation of NN interval (195 ms), while the postflight phase had highest root mean square of successive difference (20.5 ms) and proportion of successive RR interval (3.4 ms). …”

Recommendations for developing, documenting, and distributing data products derived from NEON data by Jeff W. Atkins, Kelly S. Aho, Xuan Chen, Andrew J. Elmore, Rich Fiorella, Wenqi Luo, Danica Lombardozzi, Claire Lunch, Leah Manak, Luis X. dePablo, Allison N. Myers‐Pigg, Sydne Record, Tong Qiu, Samuel Reed, Benjamin Ruddell, Brandon Strange, Christa L. Torrens, Kelsey Yule, Andrew D. Richardson

“…Derived data products are curated, documented, reproducibly‐generated datasets created by applying various processing steps to one or more lower level data products—including interpolation, extrapolation, integration, statistical analysis, modeling, or transformations. …”
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Multi-Criteria Assessment of Urban Thermal Hotspots: A GIS-Based Remote Sensing Approach in a Mediterranean Climate City by Javier Sola-Caraballo, Antonio Serrano-Jiménez, Carlos Rivera-Gomez, Carmen Galan-Marin

“…The novelty is based on leveraging the potential of the last Landsat 9 satellite, the application of kernel spatial interpolation, and GIS open access data, providing very high-resolution land surface temperature images over urban spaces. …”
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A Feasibility Analysis of Wind Energy Potential and Seasonal Forecasting Trends in Thatta District: A Project to Combat the Energy Crisis in Pakistan by Jahangeer Khan Bhutto, Zhijun Tong, Tayyab Raza Fraz, Mazhar Baloch, Haider Ali, Jiquan Zhang, Xingpeng Liu, Yousef A. Al-Masnay

“…Wind shear at different heights was determined using the power law, and wind potential maps were generated using GIS interpolation techniques. Betz’s law was employed to assess wind turbine power density. …”
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Refined Urban Functional Zones Identification via Empirical Bayesian Kriging: A POI-Weighted Scoring Innovation by Xuan Du, Yisha Pan, Xiaoyan Yang, Longgao Chen, Liangchen Liu, Ying Lin

“…Results indicate that: 1) The EBK interpolation method not only accounts for the spatial and directional distance relationships between known and unknown sample points, but also produces more accurate raster images and provides more precise estimates in unmeasured ranges. 2) The method successfully identifies UFZs for 99.5% of the buildings in the central urban area of Xuzhou. …”
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On the Considerations of Using Near Real Time Data for Space Weather Hazard Forecasting by A. W. Smith, C. Forsyth, I. J. Rae, T. M. Garton, C. M. Jackman, M. Bakrania, R. M. Shore, G. S. Richardson, C. D. Beggan, M. J. Heyns, J. P. Eastwood, A. W. P. Thomson, J. M. Johnson

“…To maximize forecast availability we suggest the implementation of limited interpolation if possible, for example, for gaps of 5 min or less, which could increase the fraction of valid input data considerably.…”
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Determinants of variations in sleep patterns across Brazil: Exploring geographic influences by Giovana Longo-Silva, Renan Serenini, Roberto Antunes, Márcia Lima, Anny Pedrosa, Risia Menezes

“…Sleep patterns were spatially represented through maps using Multilevel B-spline Interpolation. Relationships between and within biological/personal/socio-economic, behavioral and environment characteristics, and sleep outcomes were examined by Lasso regression. …”
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Seasonal Changes in Climate Variables in Rainfed Crop Areas in the Lerma-Chapala-Santiago Basin, Mexico by Raymundo Ordoñez-Sierra, Miguel A. Gómez-Albores, Carlos Díaz-Delgado, Luis Ricardo Manzano-Solís, Angel Rolando Endara-Agramont, Carlos Alberto Mastachi-Loza

“…Climate surfaces were generated by interpolation using the thin-plate smoothing spline algorithm in the software ANUSPLIN. …”
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Multiresolution Data Assimilation for Auroral Energy Flux and Mean Energy Using DMSP SSUSI, THEMIS ASI, and An Empirical Model by Haonan Wu, Xiyan Tan, Qiong Zhang, Whitney Huang, Xian Lu, Yukitoshi Nishimura, Yongliang Zhang

“…To better reconcile different datasets, two preprocessing steps, temporal interpolation of satellite data and spatial down‐sampling of low‐fidelity data, are implemented. …”
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Geomagnetically Induced Current Model Validation From New Zealand's South Island by T. Divett, D. H. Mac Manus, G. S. Richardson, C. D. Beggan, C. J. Rodger, M. Ingham, E. Clarke, A. W. P. Thomson, M. Dalzell, Y. Obana

“…We calculate the modeled geoelectric field from the spectra of magnetic field variations interpolated from measurements during this storm and ground conductance using a thin‐sheet model. …”
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Suitable Sowing Date Method of Winter Wheat at the County Level Based on ECMWF Long-Term Reanalysis Data by LIU Ruixuan, ZHANG Fangzhao, ZHANG Jibo, LI Zhenhai, YANG Juntao

“…Firstly, the bilinear interpolation method was used to interpolate the temperature data of grid points into the approximate center points of each township in Qihe county, and the daily average temperatures for each township were obtained. …”
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Particulate Pollution in Korhogo and Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire) during the Dry Season by Sylvain Gnamien, Véronique Yoboué, Cathy Liousse, Money Ossohou, Sékou Keita, Julien Bahino, Silué Siélé, Lamine Diaby

“…From two measurement campaigns at about ten sites during the dry season and using the inverse distance-weighted interpolation method, maps of spatial variation in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations are obtained at the scale of each of these cities, which provide a snapshot of the concentration levels to which populations are actually exposed. …”
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Unraveling the spatiotemporal trends and source attribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated derivatives in Guangzhou agricultural ditch sediment by Shaomin Li, Weisong Chen, Yichen Liu, Haoyu Wang, Yongtao Li, Zhen Zhang, Xingjian Yang

“…Further correlations between estimated source contributions and water quality, strengthened by spatial interpolation, clearly identified agricultural activities, and atmospheric deposition associated with traffic emissions and fossil fuel combustion as primary contributor to sedimentary OPAHs and PAHs. …”
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A Gaussian Variogram‐Based Model of Total Electron Content in the Regional Ionosphere of China by Ang Liu, Zishen Li, Ningbo Wang, Ang Li, Zhouyu Zhang, Yunlong Zhang

“…The regional ionospheric model is then constructed by introducing an additional stochastic term, named adjusted Spherical Harmonics Adding KrigING method (SHAKING), in which the stochastic Vertical Total Electron Content estimated using Kriging interpolation based on Ionospheric Variogram Model Parameters (IVMP) predict model. …”
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Peningkatan Performa Pengenalan Wajah pada Gambar Low-Resolution Menggunakan Metode Super-Resolution by Muhammad Imaduddin Abdur Rohim, Auliati Nisa, Muhammad Nurkhoiri Hindratno, Radhiyatul Fajri, Gembong Satrio Wibowanto, Nova Hadi Lestriandoko, Pesigrihastamadya Normakristagaluh

“…Data tersebut dilakukan proses down sampling menggunakan bicubic interpolation untuk menghasilkan data LR. Kami menginvestigasi penggunaan metode super-resolution (SR) berbasis deep learning, termasuk DFDNet, LapSRN, GFPGAN, Real-ESRGAN, Real-ESRGAN+GFPGAN, dan FaceSPARNet. …”
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